| National Bank of Poland | |
| Native Name: | Narodowy Bank Polski |
| Image 1: | Narodowy Bank Polski logo and wordmark (2021) v2.svg |
| Image Title 1: | Official logo |
| Ownership: | 100% state ownership[1] |
| Headquarters: | Warsaw, Poland |
| Established: | 1945 |
| President: | Adam Glapiński |
| Bank Of: | Poland |
| Currency: | Polish złoty (zł) |
| Currency Iso: | PLN |
| Reserves: | $162.7 billion (May 2021)[2] |
| Preceded: | Bank of Issue in Poland |
The Narodowy Bank Polski (pronounced as /pl/; the National Bank of Poland), often abbreviated to NBP, is the central bank of Poland, founded in 1945. It controls the issuing of Poland's currency, the Polish złoty. The bank is headquartered in Warsaw, and has branches in 16 major Polish cities. The NBP represents Poland in the European System of Central Banks, an EU organization. The bank doesn't translate its name to English and uses its Polish name in all English communications.
Although the bank has existed under its current name since 1945,[3] it claims the legacy of two previous central banks, both named Bank of Poland (Polish: Bank Polski). The First Bank of Poland was founded in Warsaw in 1828 by Prince Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki under the government of the Kingdom of Poland. The Second Bank of Poland, founded in 1924, was the central bank of the Second Polish Republic.
During the Second World War the gold reserves of Poland were transferred to Romania, Great Britain and Canada. In November 1946, following the cancellation of Poland's wartime debt, the larger part of prewar gold reserves were returned to new communist authorities. In 1947, the gold deposited in Romania in 1939 was returned, while the former Bank of Poland itself was closed down and finally in 1952 absorbed by the newly created Narodowy Bank Polski.
The latter was one of two banks allowed to operate in Poland's postwar planned economy. It had a monopoly for currency, credits and accumulation of savings. The other bank, PKO Bank Polski, was responsible for private accounts. After the fall of the communist system in 1989, the market economy was reintroduced and the NBP limited its functions to currency control and supervision of other, privately controlled banks.
The structure and functioning of the Narodowy Bank Polski are regulated by article 227[4] of the Constitution of Poland of 1997 and the Narodowy Bank Polski Act[5] of the same year.[6] The President of the NBP is appointed by the Sejm, at the request of the President of the Republic of Poland, for a term of six years. The NBP President is responsible for the organisation and functioning of the Polish's central bank. The same person cannot serve as President of the NBP for more than two terms of office. Apart from his function as the superior of the NBP staff, he is also the chairman of the Monetary Policy Council, the NBP Management Board and the Commission for Banking Supervision. He is also responsible for representing Poland in international banking and financial institutions.
In 2019, the average employment at the National Bank of Poland on full-time amounts was 3312 people.[7]