National Awakening (Iceland) Explained

National Awakening
Native Name:Þjóðvaki – Hreyfing Fólksins
Country:Iceland
Founded:1994
Dissolved:2000
Leader:Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
Split:Social Democratic Party
Merged:Social Democratic Alliance
Ideology:Social democracy
Position:Centre-left
Symbol:J

National AwakeningPeople's Movement (Icelandic: Þjóðvaki – Hreyfing Fólksins, ÞPM) was a social-democratic[1] [2] political party in Iceland. The party was founded around Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, future Prime Minister of Iceland.[3]

History

The party was formed in 1994 in preparation for the 1995 parliamentary election; one of the co-founders was Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir after she lost an internal election for the leadership of the Social Democratic Party.[4] She was joined by members of the People's Alliance. In the 1995 parliamentary elections the party won 7.2% of the vote and four seats.[3]

On 2 October 1996 its members of parliament joined the Social Democratic Party to form a unified parliamentary group. For the 1999 parliamentary elections it formed the United Front electoral alliance with the Social Democratic Party and the People's Alliance and the Women's List, winning 30% of the vote and 20 seats.[4] [5] In 2000 the parties merged with to form the Social Democratic Alliance.

Notes and References

  1. Book: Svanur Kristjánsson. Iceland: A Parliamentary Democracy with a Semi-presidential Constitution. Kaare Strøm. Wolfgang C. Müller. Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. https://books.google.com/books?id=xY3fNI0oLLsC&pg=PA402. 2006. OUP Oxford. 978-0-19-929160-1. 402.
  2. Book: Bale, Tim . Riding the populist wave: Europe's mainstream right in crisis . 2021 . Cambridge University Press . . 978-1-009-00686-6 . Cambridge, United Kingdom . 35 . 1256593260.
  3. Book: Sverrir Jakobsson. Gudmundur Halfdanarson. Historical Dictionary of Iceland. 2016. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 978-1-4422-6291-1. 254.
  4. Book: Peter Lamb. Historical Dictionary of Socialism. 2015. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 978-1-4422-5827-3. 219.
  5. Book: Svanur Kristjánsson. Indridi Indridason. Iceland: Dramatic Shifts. Torbjörn Bergman. Kaare Strøm. The Madisonian Turn: Political Parties and Parliamentary Democracy in Nordic Europe. https://books.google.com/books?id=gaSOvreVZg4C&pg=PA162. 2011. University of Michigan Press. 978-0-472-11747-5. 162, 165.