| German National Assembly | |
| Legislature: | Constituent assembly of Germany |
| Coa Pic: | Wappen Deutsches Reich (Weimarer Republik).svg |
| Coa Res: | 150px |
| House Type: | Constituent assembly |
| Established: | 6 February 1919 |
| Disbanded: | 21 May 1920 |
| Preceded By: | Imperial Reichstag |
| Succeeded By: | Weimar Reichstag |
| Members: | 423 (at dissolution) |
| Voting System1: | Direct competitive elections |
| Last Election1: | 19 January 1919 |
| Session Room: | Bundesarchiv Bild 183-15436-0010, Weimar, Nationaltheater, Denkmal Goethe-Schiller.jpg |
| Meeting Place: | Deutsches Nationaltheater, Weimar |
The Weimar National Assembly (German:), officially the German National Constitutional Assembly, was the popularly elected constitutional convention and de facto parliament of Germany from 6 February 1919 to 21 May 1920. As part of its duties as the interim government, it debated and reluctantly approved the Treaty of Versailles that codified the peace terms between Germany and the victorious Allies of World War I. The Assembly drew up and approved the Weimar Constitution that was in force from 1919 to 1933 (and technically until the end of Nazi rule in 1945). With its work completed, the National Assembly was dissolved on 21 May 1920. Following the election of 6 June 1920, the new Reichstag met for the first time on 24 June 1920, taking the place of the Assembly.
Because the National Assembly convened in Weimar rather than in politically restive Berlin, the period in German history became known as the Weimar Republic.
At the end of World War I, following the outbreak of the German Revolution of 1918–1919, state power lay with the Council of the People's Deputies. It was formed on 10 November by revolutionary workers' and soldiers' councils in Berlin and headed by Friedrich Ebert of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He had been appointed German chancellor on 9 November by Maximilian von Baden, the last chancellor under the German Empire. Both von Baden and the Social Democrats called for the speedy election of a National Assembly to establish a new government for Germany. The Council decided on 30 November to hold the election on 19 January 1919. On 19 December the Reich Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils also approved the decree by a clear majority.
Because of the Spartacist uprising, a general strike and the accompanying armed struggles that roiled the Reich capital from 5 to 12 January 1919, it was agreed that the National Assembly should not initially meet in Berlin. Four possible locations – Bayreuth, Nuremberg, Jena and Weimar – were considered. Friedrich Ebert favored Weimar because he wanted the victorious Allies to be reminded of Weimar Classicism, which included the writers Goethe and Schiller, while they were deliberating the terms of the peace treaty.[1] On 14 January 1919 the choice fell to Weimar.[2]
See main article: 1919 German federal election. The elections for the National Assembly were the first held in Germany after the introduction of women's suffrage[3] and the lowering of the legal voting age from 25 to 20 years. Together the changes raised the number of eligible voters by around 20 million.[4] The turnout was 83%, a slightly lower percentage than in the last Reichstag elections in 1912, but a much greater absolute turnout due to the expanded suffrage. Among women the turnout was 90%.[5] The Communist Party of Germany (KPD), founded in December 1918, boycotted the elections.
The election for the National Assembly resulted in the SPD receiving the most votes at 38%, followed by the Catholic Centre Party (which in this election ran as the Christian People's Party) with 20%, the liberal German Democratic Party (DDP) 19%, the national-conservative German National People's Party (DNVP) 10% and the more leftist and antiwar breakaway from the SPD, the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), 8%. Numerous small parties made up the remainder.[6] Out of a total of 416 delegates 36 were women, although this increased to 41 during the term of the Assembly.[7] If the latter number is taken, at 10% women, the Weimar National Assembly was one of the most female parliaments of its time.[8] [9] On 10 February the Assembly passed the "Law on Provisional Reich Power" [10] to go into effect the following day. It regulated the government's powers during the transitional phase from the German Empire to the Weimar Republic. The National Assembly was to adopt a constitution and "urgently needed" Reich laws, thus allowing it to act as an interim parliament. A States' Committee served in the place of the later Reichsrat to represent the interests of the German states. The "business of the Reich" was to be conducted by a Reich president. His function was somewhat like that of the former emperor but with the restrictions that had been made to the constitution in October 1918, notably that war and peace were to be decided by Reich law, not by the head of state. The ministers appointed by the Reich president required the confidence of the National Assembly.
The National Assembly convened at the German National Theater in Weimar on 6 February 1919. It elected the SPD politician Eduard David as its president, but because of an inter-party agreement he stepped down after just four days.[11] On 14 February 1919 the National Assembly elected Constantin Fehrenbach, a Centre Party deputy and former vice president, as his successor.
On 11 February the National Assembly elected the previous head of government, Friedrich Ebert (SPD), as provisional Reich president. He asked Philipp Scheidemann of the SPD to form a government. The three party coalition of the SPD, the Centre Party and the DDP that he brought together in the Scheidemann cabinet came to be known as the Weimar Coalition.
On 12 May 1919 the National Assembly met in Berlin for the first time. There it heard and then debated a statement by Minister President Philipp Scheidemann on the peace terms of the Versailles Treaty. In his speech Scheidemann, to great applause from all parties, called the Entente Powers' terms a "dictated" or "enforced" peace intended to strangle the German people. The territorial, economic and political demands would deprive Germany of the air to breathe. The conditions were unacceptable, he said, and were in stark contrast to the assurances given by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. The Reich government could not agree to the conditions and would make counterproposals based on Wilson's 14-point program. Prussian Minister President Paul Hirsch assured the Reich government of full support on behalf of the constituent states of the German Reich and also sharply criticized the Entente's conditions. Speakers from all parties, from the USPD to the DNVP, also declared the Entente's demands unacceptable. The chairman of the liberal German People's Party (DVP) and later Reich Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann described the peace terms of the victorious powers as "an outpouring of political sadism". Only Hugo Haase, chairman of the USPD, combined his rejection of the Entente's demands with sharp attacks on the Reich government, accusing it of having caused the current situation in the first place through its policy of enforcing a truce between political parties during the war.
Following the Entente's rejection of its counterproposals, the Scheidemann cabinet resigned on 20 June 1919 because it was unwilling to give its assent to the Treaty of Versailles.[12] The new Minister President, Gustav Bauer (SPD), who headed a government of the SPD and the Centre, promoted the signing of the treaty but continued to criticize individual provisions, especially those concerning the extradition of Germans to the Entente and the imposition of war guilt on Germany alone. He combined his call for approval with the comment that it would be impossible for the German Reich to fulfill all the economic conditions of the treaty and regretted that it had not been possible to extract further concessions from the Entente.
Speakers from the SPD and the Centre, Paul Löbe and Adolf Gröber, also condemned the treaty. They objected in particular to the statement in the Entente draft treaty that Germany was solely to blame for the war. On behalf of their parliamentary groups, however, they spoke in favor of acceptance, since the only alternative was the resumption of hostilities, which would lead to even worse consequences. Eugen Schiffer, the former Reich Finance Minister, spoke on behalf of the majority of German Democratic Party deputies against accepting the treaty. He reminded the two governing parties of Philipp Scheidemann's 12 May warning that the hand that signed the treaty would wither.[13] He did not see that the situation had changed since then. The DNVP and DVP were also strongly opposed to the treaty. The USPD was the only opposition party to endorse its acceptance. Hugo Haase called the issue at stake a terrible dilemma for the National Assembly. Although he too sharply criticized the treaty, he pointed out, as had the representatives of the governing parties, the consequences if the treaty were rejected.
In a 22 June roll call, 237 deputies voted in favor of signing the peace treaty, 138 against, and five abstained. Of the major parties, the SPD, Centre and USPD approved, while the DDP, DNVP and DVP rejected the treaty, on both sides by large majorities of the delegates.
The Reich government informed the Entente the same day that it would sign the treaty but with reservations as to the provisions on war guilt and the extradition of Germans to the victorious countries. French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau replied that evening on behalf of the Allied Powers that the treaty could only be accepted or rejected in its entirety.
At the meeting of the National Assembly on 23 June, Minister President Bauer informed the plenum of the Entente's position and stated that the government no longer had a choice; it had to sign the treaty:
Let us sign, that is the proposal I have to make to you on behalf of the entire cabinet. The reasons that compel us to make the proposal are the same as yesterday, only now we are separated by a period of barely four hours before the resumption of hostilities. We could not justify a new war even if we had weapons. We are defenseless, but without defense does not mean without honor . Certainly, our enemies want to take away our honor, there is no doubt about that, but that this attempt at cutting away our honor will one day fall back on the originators, that it is not our honor that will perish in this world tragedy, that is my belief until my last breath.[14]Eugen Schiffer (DDP) and Rudolf Heinze (DVP), whose parties had rejected the treaty the day before, explicitly stated in their speeches that the supporters of the treaty would act exclusively out of "patriotic sentiment and conviction" (Schiffer), even if they had different opinions about the right path forward. The DNVP speaker Georg Schultz, however, did not make his opinion on the issue clear.
Ratification of the treaty through the "Law on the Conclusion of Peace between Germany and the Allied and Associated Powers" [15] finally took place on 9 July 1919 with results similar to the 22 June vote. The only exception was that the majority of the deputies of the Bavarian Peasants' League, who had abstained from the first vote, now approved the ratification law.
In part as a response to the treaty, and particularly Article 231 that assigned sole responsibility for the war to Germany, the Assembly established an inquiry into guilt for the war on 20 August 1919. Its four subcommittees were tasked with examining the causes of the war, what brought about its loss, what missed opportunities for peace had presented themselves, and if international laws had been broken.[16] [17] The inquiry continued for thirteen years, until the Nazi Party victory in the election of July 1932. The inquiry's findings were hampered by lack of cooperation from both the government and the military and were in general watered down and deflected blame away from Germany.
See main article: Weimar Constitution. On 15 November 1918 Friedrich Ebert had appointed Hugo Preuß to the Reich Office of the Interior and charged him with drafting a Reich constitution. Preuß, a teacher of constitutional law and one of the founders of the German Democratic Party, based his draft of the Weimar Constitution in large part on the Frankfurt Constitution of 1849 which was written after the German revolutions of 1848–1849 and intended for a unified Germany that did not come to pass at the time. He was influenced as well by Robert Redslob's theory of parliamentarianism, which called for a balance between the executive and legislative branches under either a monarch or the people as sovereign.[18] After the National Assembly was seated, Preuß became a member of the constitutional committee, which was chaired by the Assembly's vice president, Conrad Haußmann of the DDP. Preuß later became known as the father of the Weimar Constitution.
During July of 1919, the Assembly moved quickly through the draft constitution with most debates concluded within a single session. On 31 July the Assembly passed the revised committee proposal for the constitution by a vote of 262 to 75, with USPD, DNVP and DVP against.
Key topics of debate were as follows:
| 2 July | National name | 'Deutsches Reich' | |
| National structure | Retain federal states | ||
| Flag and colors | Black-red-gold | ||
| 4 July | Reich president | Adopted a semi-presidential system with power divided between president, cabinet and parliament. The president was to rule in conjunction with the Reichstag. Emergency powers to be used only in exceptional circumstances. | |
| 7 July | Reich administration | Germany unified as an economic territory; legislative responsibility for tax law to be with the Reich. Unified postal and railroad systems | |
| 10 July | Justice | Established a system of administrative courts and a high or constitutional court. Restricted military jurisdiction to wartime. Independence of courts incorporated into the constitution. | |
| 11 July | Fundamental rights | Constitution to include expanded list of fundamental rights as in draft version. | |
| 15 July | Equality of the sexes | Adopted what became Article 109: "(1) All Germans are equal before the law. Men and women shall fundamentally have the same civic rights and duties. (2) Public and legal privileges or disadvantages of birth or status shall be abolished." | |
| 16 July | Death penalty | Rejected draft constitution's proposal to abolish the death penalty. | |
| Censorship | Guaranteed freedom of expression in speech, print, or “pictorially”. Censorship forbidden except in “cinematographs”, “indecent and obscene literature”, and for “protection of youth”. | ||
| Illegitimacy | Illegitimate children to have the same rights as legitimate. | ||
| 17 July | Right to assemble | Guaranteed right to assemble peaceably without any special permission needed. | |
| Church and state | Guaranteed freedom of religion and separation of church and state. | ||
| 18 July | Education | Universal public education ensured to age 18. | |
| 21 July | Economic Life | Right to property, patent protection, and unionization guaranteed. |
On 13 January 1920, while the National Assembly was negotiating the Works Councils Act, which created an obligation for companies with twenty or more employees to have works councils, a demonstration against the law took place in front of the Reichstag building. The left-wing opposition parties USPD and Communist Party, among others, had called for the demonstration because they felt the councils would lack sufficient worker representation. About 100,000 people gathered for the demonstration. Prussian security police fired into the crowd leaving 42 people dead and over 100 wounded. The Reichstag Bloodbath was the deadliest demonstration in German history.[19]
Beginning on 30 September 1919, the National Assembly met in the renovated Reichstag building in Berlin. During the Kapp Putsch it briefly moved to Stuttgart and met there on 18 March 1920.
The National Assembly dissolved on 21 May 1920. After the Reichstag election on 6 June 1920, the Republic's first Reichstag took the place of the National Assembly.
| Name | Party | Entered Office | Left Office | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eduard David | 7 February 1919 | 13 February 1919 | ||
| Conrad Haußmann (acting) | 13 February 1919 | 14 February 1919 | ||
| Constantin Fehrenbach | 14 February 1919 | 21 June 1920 | ||
| Member | Party | Constituency | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bruno Ablaß | 11 (Liegnitz) | ||||||
| Karl Aderhold | Entered on 1 March 1919 as a replacement for August Merges | ||||||
| Lore Agnes | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Joseph Allekotte | 21 (Coblenz-Trier) | ||||||
| Ludwig Alpers | 37 (Bremen-Hamburg-Stade) | ||||||
| Josef Andre | 31/32 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Albert Arnstadt | 36 (Thuringia) | ||||||
| Julius Aßmann | 8 (Posen) | ||||||
| Jacob Astor | 21 (Coblenz-Trier) | ||||||
| Erhard Auer | 24 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | ||||||
| Benedikt Bachmeier | Entered on 24 February 1919 as a replacement for Wilhelm Männer | ||||||
| Paul Bader | 12 (Magdeburg) | ||||||
| Max Baerecke | 2 (Westpreußen) | ||||||
| Moritz Baerwald | 8 (Posen) | Died on 26 December 1919 | |||||
| Gertrud Bäumer | 36 (Thuringia) | ||||||
| Max Bahr | 6 (Frankfurt (Oder)) | ||||||
| Franz Bartschat | 1 (Ostpreußen) | ||||||
| August Baudert | 36 (Thuringia) | ||||||
| Gustav Bauer | 9 (Breslau) | ||||||
| Marie Baum | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | ||||||
| Eduard Baumer | Entered on 26 February 1920 as a replacement for Eugen Taucher | ||||||
| Johannes Becker | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Johann Becker | 34 (Hessen-Darmstadt) | ||||||
| Josef Becker | 19 (Hessen-Nassau) | ||||||
| Roman Becker | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Margarete Behm | 7 (Pommern) | ||||||
| Marie Behncke | Entered on 7 August 1919 as a replacement for August Jordan | ||||||
| Franz Behrens | 1 (Ostpreußen) | ||||||
| Hermann Beims | 12 (Magdeburg) | ||||||
| Johannes Bell | 23 (Düsseldorf-West) | ||||||
| Ferdinand Bender | 12 (Magdeburg) | ||||||
| Theodor Bergmann | 23 (Düsseldorf-West) | ||||||
| Karl Bethke | Entered on 12 May 1919 as a replacement for Wilhelm Buck | ||||||
| August Beuermann | 8 (Posen) | ||||||
| Konrad Beyerle | 29 (Franken) | Joined Bavarian People’s Party on 6 January 1920 | |||||
| Anton Bias | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Franz Biener | 30 (Chemnitz-Zwickau) | ||||||
| Albert Billian | Entered on 13 January 1920 as a replacement for Heinrich Kürbis | ||||||
| Jakob Binder | |||||||
| Joseph Bitta | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Lorenz Blank | |||||||
| Anna Blos | |||||||
| Johannes Blum | 26 (Düsseldorf-West) | ||||||
| Andreas Blunck | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Bock | 13 (Thuringia) | ||||||
| Karl Böhme | 11 (Magdeburg) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Böhmert | |||||||
| Friedrich Börschmann | |||||||
| Minna Bollmann | |||||||
| Eugen Bolz | 34 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Otto Brass | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Otto Braun | 26 (Düsseldorf-West) | ||||||
| Adolf Braun | 29 (Franken) | ||||||
| Heinrich Brauns | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| 22 (Hessen-Darmstadt) | |||||||
| August Brey | |||||||
| Alfred Brodauf | 33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau) | ||||||
| Elisabeth Brönner | 1 (Ostpreußen) | ||||||
| Arno Bruchardt | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Hermann Bruckhoff | |||||||
| Paul Brühl | 4 (Potsdam I) | ||||||
| Friedrich Brühne | |||||||
| Wilhelm Bruhn | 5 (Frankfurt (Oder)) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Buck | 31 (Dresden-Bautzen) | Resigned on 11 April 1919 | |||||
| Ewald Budde | |||||||
| Michael Burgau | |||||||
| Eduard Burlage | 16 (Weser-Ems) | ||||||
| Oskar Cohn | |||||||
| Hermann Colshorn | 18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig) | Elected on a joint list with the Centre Party | |||||
| Eduard David | 22 (Hessen-Darmstadt) | ||||||
| Georg Davidsohn | |||||||
| Kurt Deglerk | 8 (Breslau) | ||||||
| Karl Deichmann | |||||||
| Clemens von Delbrück | Reichswahlvorschlag | Died on 18 December 1921 | |||||
| Carl Delius | 12 (Merseburg) | ||||||
| Bernhard Dernburg | 3 (Potsdam II) | ||||||
| Hermann Dietrich | 35 (Baden) | Resigned on 12 April 1919 | |||||
| Hermann Dietrich | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Karl Dietrich | |||||||
| Carl Diez | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Theodor Dirr | |||||||
| Wilhelm Dittmann | 11 (Magdeburg) | ||||||
| 1 (Ostpreußen) | |||||||
| Hedwig Dransfeld | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Ernst Dröner | |||||||
| Adelbert Düringer | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Dusche | 18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig) | ||||||
| Bernhard Düwell | 12 (Merseburg) | ||||||
| Friedrich Ebert | Resigned on 11 February 1919 | ||||||
| Hermann Eger | Entered on 19 November 1919 as a replacement for Adolf Gröber | ||||||
| Franz Ehrhardt | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Emil Eichhorn | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Wilhelmine Eichler | 13 (Thuringia) | ||||||
| Georg Eisenberger | 27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | ||||||
| Elise Ekke | |||||||
| Paul Ende | Entered on 22 June 1919 as a replacement for Oscar Günther | ||||||
| Fritz Endres | |||||||
| Emil Engelhard | Resigned on 3 October 1919 | ||||||
| Anton Erkelenz | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Eugen Ernst | |||||||
| Joseph Ersing | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Matthias Erzberger | 34 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Bernhard Falk | |||||||
| Wilhelm Farwick | |||||||
| Constantin Fehrenbach | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Jan Fegter | Entered on 20 November 1919 as a replacement for Theodor Tantzen | ||||||
| Franz Feldmann | 8 (Breslau) | ||||||
| Otto Fischbeck | |||||||
| Gustav Fischer | 18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig) | ||||||
| Richard Fischer | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Paul Fleischer | 1 (Ostpreußen) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Frank | Entered on 9 March 1920 as a replacement for Richard Müller | ||||||
| Richard Franke | |||||||
| Wilhelm Frerker | |||||||
| Karl Frohme | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | ||||||
| Karl Gandorfer | |||||||
| Karl Gebhart | 30 (Pfalz) | ||||||
| Oskar Geck | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Julius Gehl | |||||||
| Liborius Gerstenberger | 29 (Franken) | ||||||
| Curt Geyer | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Friedrich Geyer | 32 (Leipzig) | ||||||
| Karl Giebel | 5 (Frankfurt (Oder)) | ||||||
| Anna von Gierke | |||||||
| Johannes Giesberts | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Anton Gilsing | |||||||
| Emil Girbig | 9 (Liegnitz) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Gleichauf | |||||||
| Heinrich Gölzer | |||||||
| Georg Gothein | 8 (Breslau) | ||||||
| Georg Gradnauer | Reichswahlvorschlag | Resigned on 10 April 1919 | |||||
| Albrecht von Graefe | 7 (Mecklenburg) | ||||||
| Adolf Gröber | Died on 19 November 1919 | ||||||
| Martin Gruber | 27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | ||||||
| Helene Grünberg | Entered on 21 November 1919 as a replacement for Josef Simon | ||||||
| Wilhelm Grünewald | |||||||
| August Grunau | |||||||
| Oscar Günther | Resigned on 1 June 1919 | ||||||
| Magnus Haack | Resigned on 19 August 1919 | ||||||
| Ludwig Haas | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Hugo Haase | Died on 7 November 1919 | ||||||
| August Josef Hagemann | 16 (Weser-Ems) | ||||||
| August Hampe | Brunswick State Electoral Association | ||||||
| Heinrich Hansmann | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Gustav Hartmann | |||||||
| Rudolf Hartmann | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Ludwig Hasenzahl | |||||||
| Frieda Hauke | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Conrad Haußmann | 34 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Benedikt Hebel | Resigned on 24 February 1920 | ||||||
| Werner Heidsieck | Entered on 17 January 1920 as a replacement for Moritz Baerwald | ||||||
| Wilhelm Heile | 18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig) | ||||||
| Georg Heim | 28 (Niederbayern-Oberpfalz) | Joined on 9 January 1920 | |||||
| Hugo Heimann | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Wolfgang Heine | |||||||
| Rudolf Heinze | 31 (Dresden-Bautzen) | ||||||
| August Hellmann | 15 (Hamburg) | ||||||
| Alfred Henke | 16 (Weser-Ems) | ||||||
| Konrad Henrich | |||||||
| Karl Hense | |||||||
| Richard Herbst | Entered on 20 November 1919 as a replacement for Hugo Haase | ||||||
| Karl Hermann | 34 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Carl Herold | 19 (Westfalen-Nord) | ||||||
| Alfred Herrmann | |||||||
| Hans Herschel | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Fritz Hesse | |||||||
| Michael Hierl | |||||||
| Karl Hildenbrand | 34 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Franz Hitze | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Gustav Hoch | 21 (Hessen-Nassau) | ||||||
| Else Höfs | |||||||
| Otto Hörsing | |||||||
| Johannes Hoffmann | 30 (Pfalz) | ||||||
| Arthur Hofmann | 13 (Thuringia) | ||||||
| Hermann Hofmann | 30 (Pfalz) | ||||||
| Peter Holl | |||||||
| Franz Holzapfel | Entered on 30 September 1919 as a replacement for Magnus Haack | ||||||
| Otto Hue | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Anna Hübler | |||||||
| Paul Hug | Resigned on 22 May 1919 | ||||||
| Alfred Hugenberg | 19 (Westfalen-Nord) | ||||||
| Otto Hugo | 19 (Westfalen-Nord) | ||||||
| Heinrich Imbusch | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Martin Irl | Joined on 9 January 1920 | ||||||
| Heinrich Jäcker | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Willy Jandrey | 6 (Pommern) | ||||||
| Alfred Janschek | 19 (Westfalen-Nord) | ||||||
| Viktor Jantzen | |||||||
| Heinrich Jasper | |||||||
| Josef Jaud | 27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | ||||||
| Philipp Johannsen | Entered on 1 August 1919 as a replacement for Detlef Thomsen | ||||||
| Joseph Joos | 23 (Köln-Aachen) | ||||||
| August Jordan | Entered on 22 May 1919 as a replacement for Paul Hug, resigned on 5 July 1919 | ||||||
| Marie Juchacz | 4 (Potsdam I) | ||||||
| Max Jungnickel | |||||||
| Ludwig Kaas | 24 (Coblenz-Trier) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Kahl | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Wilhelmine Kähler | 1 (Ostpreußen) | ||||||
| Hermann Käppler | 13 (Thuringia) | ||||||
| Hermann Kahmann | 31 (Dresden-Bautzen) | ||||||
| Franz Kaufmann | |||||||
| Simon Katzenstein | |||||||
| Wilhelm Keil | 34 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Adolf Kempkes | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Gottlieb Kenngott | |||||||
| Andreas Kerschbaum | 29 (Franken) | ||||||
| Katharina Kloss | |||||||
| Friedrich Knollmann | Died on 16 April 1920 | ||||||
| Christian Koch | |||||||
| Johann Koch | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Wilhelm Koch | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| William Karl Koch | |||||||
| Erich Koch-Weser | 16 (Weser-Ems) | ||||||
| Franz Heinrich Költzsch | |||||||
| Wilhelm Koenen | 12 (Merseburg) | ||||||
| Max König | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Alwin Körsten | 6 (Pommern) | ||||||
| Bartholomäus Koßmann | |||||||
| Theodor Kotzur | 1 (Ostpreußen) | ||||||
| Hermann Krätzig | 31 (Dresden-Bautzen) | ||||||
| Heinrich von Kraut | |||||||
| Karl Kreft | |||||||
| Franz Kreutz | |||||||
| Wilhelm Kröger | 7 (Mecklenburg) | Entered on 25 July 1919 as a replacement for Franz Starosson | |||||
| Peter Kronen | |||||||
| Franz Krüger | |||||||
| Hans Krüger | |||||||
| Josef Kubetzko | 10 (Oppeln) | Resigned on 12 July 1919 | |||||
| Wilhelm Külz | Entered on 20 January 1920 as a replacement for Emil Nitzschke | ||||||
| Heinrich Kürbis | Resigned on 2 December 1919 | ||||||
| Bernhard Kuhnt | 33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau) | ||||||
| Fritz Kunert | 12 (Merseburg) | ||||||
| Alexander Kuntze | 6 (Pommern) | ||||||
| Bruno Kurowski | |||||||
| Hedwig Kurt | Entered on 10 April 1919 as a replacement for Georg Gradnauer | ||||||
| Otto Landsberg | |||||||
| Christian Ritter von Langheinrich | Resigned on 21 April 1919 | ||||||
| Heinrich Langwost | 18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig) | Elected on a joint list with the Centre Party | |||||
| Wilhelm Lattmann | Entered on 24 October 1919 as a replacement for Karl Veidt | ||||||
| Gustav Laukant | |||||||
| Wilhelm Laverrenz | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Peter Legendre | |||||||
| Carl Legien | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | Died on 26 December 1920 | |||||
| Johann Leicht | 29 (Franken) | Joined in January 1922 | |||||
| Gottfried Leiser | Entered on 24 October 1919 as a replacement for Emil Engelhard | ||||||
| Felix Lensing | |||||||
| Friedrich Lesche | 17 (Ost-Hannover) | ||||||
| Hans Liebig | |||||||
| Julius Lippmann | |||||||
| Paul Lockenvitz | |||||||
| Paul Löbe | 8 (Breslau) | ||||||
| Gertrud Lodahl | Entered on 12 February 1919 as a replacement for Paul Stössel | ||||||
| Heinrich Löffler | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Josef Lübbring | 1 (Ostpreußen) | ||||||
| Marie-Elisabeth Lüders | Reichswahlvorschlag | Entered on 24 August 1919 as a replacement for Friedrich Naumann | |||||
| Frida Lührs | |||||||
| August Lüttich | |||||||
| Friedrich Max Ludewig | |||||||
| Hermann Luppe | |||||||
| Ernestine Lutze | |||||||
| Wilhelm Männer | Resigned in February 1919 | ||||||
| Gustav Malkewitz | 6 (Pommern) | ||||||
| Oskar Maretzky | 4 (Potsdam I) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Marx | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Georg Mauerer | Entered on 2 February 1919 as a replacement for Alwin Saenger | ||||||
| Joseph Mausbach | |||||||
| Wilhelm Maxen | 18 (Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Mayer | 27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | Joined on 9 January 1920, resigned on 17 February 1920 | |||||
| Johannes Meerfeld | 23 (Köln-Aachen) | ||||||
| Richard Meier | 33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau) | ||||||
| Christian Meisner | Entered in Mai 1919 as a replacement for Christian Ritter von Langheinrich | ||||||
| Clara Mende | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Wilhelm Merck | Reichswahlvorschlag | Entered in February 1920 as a replacement for Benedikt Hebel | |||||
| August Merges | Resigned on 28 February 1919 | ||||||
| Peter Michelsen | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | ||||||
| Fritz Mittelmann | 6 (Pommern) | ||||||
| Hermann Molkenbuhr | 33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau) | ||||||
| Albrecht Morath | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Julius Moses | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Otto Most | 26 (Düsseldorf-West) | ||||||
| Hermann Müller | 29 (Franken) | ||||||
| Hermann Müller | |||||||
| Richard Müller | Resigned on 31 January 1920 | ||||||
| Reinhard Mumm | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Josef Nacken | 23 (Köln-Aachen) | ||||||
| Anna Nemitz | 9 (Liegnitz) | Joined in September 1922 | |||||
| Friedrich Naumann | Died on 24 August 1919 | ||||||
| Agnes Neuhaus | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Adolf Neumann-Hofer | |||||||
| Matthias Neyses | 24 (Coblenz-Trier) | ||||||
| Emil Nitzschke | Resigned on 20 January 1920 | ||||||
| Ferdinand Noske | |||||||
| Gustav Noske | |||||||
| Otto Nuschke | |||||||
| Ernst Oberfohren | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | ||||||
| Karl Obermeyer | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Richard Oertel | 24 (Coblenz-Trier) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Ohler | |||||||
| Karl Okonsky | 10 (Oppeln) | Entered in July 1919 as a replacement for Josef Kubetzko | |||||
| Karl Ollmert | |||||||
| Nikolaus Osterroth | |||||||
| Waldemar Otte | |||||||
| Hermann Pachnicke | 4 (Potsdam I) | ||||||
| Johann Panzer | |||||||
| Richard Partzsch | Entered on 3 January 1920 as a replacement for August Winnig | ||||||
| Friedrich von Payer | |||||||
| Carl Wilhelm Petersen | 15 (Hamburg) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Pfannkuch | |||||||
| Maximilian Pfeiffer | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Antonie Pfülf | 27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | ||||||
| Albrecht Philipp | 32 (Leipzig) | ||||||
| Otto Pick | |||||||
| Karl Pinkau | 32 (Leipzig) | ||||||
| Alexander Pohlmann | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Franz Pokorny | |||||||
| Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner | |||||||
| Alois Puschmann | 8 (Breslau) | ||||||
| Max Quarck | |||||||
| Ludwig Quessel | 22 (Hessen-Darmstadt) | ||||||
| Ludwig Quidde | |||||||
| Fritz Raschig | |||||||
| Friedrich Rauch | |||||||
| Gustav Raute | 12 (Merseburg) | ||||||
| Walter Reek | |||||||
| Heinrich Reineke | |||||||
| Hermann Paul Reißhaus | 13 (Thuringia) | ||||||
| Johanne Reitze | 15 (Hamburg) | ||||||
| Ernst Remmers | |||||||
| Anton Rheinländer | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Adolf Richter | 1 (Ostpreußen) | ||||||
| Johann Sophian Christian Richter | |||||||
| Hartmann von Richthofen | |||||||
| Lorenz Riedmiller | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Jakob Riesser | 21 (Hessen-Nassau) | ||||||
| Paul Rodemann | |||||||
| Elisabeth Röhl | |||||||
| Paul Röhle | |||||||
| Gustav Roesicke | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Kurt Rosenfeld | 13 (Thuringia) | Entered on 3 May 1920 as a replacement for Emanuel Wurm | |||||
| Leopold Rückert | |||||||
| Heinrich Runkel | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | ||||||
| Elfriede Ryneck | 3 (Potsdam II) | ||||||
| Hermann Sachse | |||||||
| Alwin Saenger | Resigned on 2 February 1919 | ||||||
| Robert Sagawe | |||||||
| Albert Salm | |||||||
| Ernst Schädlich | |||||||
| Valentin Schäfer | |||||||
| Josef Schefbeck | |||||||
| Philipp Scheidemann | 21 (Hessen-Nassau) | ||||||
| Martin Schiele | 11 (Magdeburg) | ||||||
| Eugen Schiffer | 11 (Magdeburg) | ||||||
| Karl Matthias Schiffer | Resigned on 24 September 1919 | ||||||
| Joseph Schilgen | Entered on 24 September 1919 as a replacement for Karl Matthias Schiffer | ||||||
| Minna Schilling | 33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau) | ||||||
| Carl Schirmer | 29 (Franken) | Joined on 9 January 1920 | |||||
| Käthe Schirmacher | |||||||
| Peter Schlack | 25 (Düsseldorf-Ost) | ||||||
| Alexander Schlicke | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Wilhelm Schlüter | |||||||
| Richard Schmidt | 31 (Dresden-Bautzen) | ||||||
| Richard Schmidt | |||||||
| Robert Schmidt | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Wilhelm Schmidthals | |||||||
| Adam Josef Schmitt | |||||||
| Maria Schmitz | |||||||
| Alexander Schneider | |||||||
| Gustav Schneider | |||||||
| Georg Schöpflin | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Carl Schreck | 19 (Westfalen-Nord) | ||||||
| Louise Schroeder | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | ||||||
| Clara Schuch | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Walther Schücking | 21 (Hessen-Nassau) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Schümmer | |||||||
| Georg Schultz | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Heinrich Schulz | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Hermann Schulz | Westpreußen | ||||||
| Wilhelm Schulz | |||||||
| Gerhart von Schulze-Gävernitz | Entered on 12 April 1919 as a replacement for Hermann Dietrich | ||||||
| Oswald Schumann | 5 (Frankfurt (Oder)) | ||||||
| Jean Albert Schwarz | 21 (Hessen-Nassau) | ||||||
| Rudolf Schwarzer | 27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | ||||||
| Friedrich Seger | 32 (Leipzig) | ||||||
| Friedrich Wilhelm Semmler | 8 (Breslau) | ||||||
| Carl Severing | 19 (Westfalen-Nord) | ||||||
| Richard Seyfert | |||||||
| Otto Sidow | 4 (Potsdam I) | ||||||
| Ernst Siehr | |||||||
| Karl Sielermann | Entered on 29 September 1919 as a replacement for Wilhelm Wallbaum | ||||||
| Anna Simon | |||||||
| Hermann Silberschmidt | 11 (Magdeburg) | ||||||
| Georg Simon | 27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | ||||||
| Josef Simon | 29 (Franken) | Resigned on 21 November 1919 | |||||
| Hugo Sinzheimer | |||||||
| Hans Sivkovich | 7 (Mecklenburg) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Sollmann | 23 (Köln-Aachen) | ||||||
| Peter Spahn | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Emil Stahl | |||||||
| Michael Stapfer | |||||||
| Franz Starosson | |||||||
| Otto Steinmayer | |||||||
| Wilhelm Steinsdorff | |||||||
| Adam Stegerwald | 19 (Westfalen-Nord) | ||||||
| Willy Steinkopf | Reichswahlvorschlag | ||||||
| Johannes Stelling | 7 (Mecklenburg) | ||||||
| Christian Stock | |||||||
| Otto Stolten | 15 (Hamburg) | ||||||
| Paul Stössel | Resigned on 2 February 1919 | ||||||
| Gustav Stresemann | 3 (Potsdam II) | ||||||
| Franz Strzoda | |||||||
| Daniel Stücklen | 33 (Chemnitz-Zwickau) | ||||||
| Thomas Szczeponik | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Theodor Tantzen der Jüngere | Resigned on 31 October 1919 | ||||||
| Paul Taubadel | 9 (Liegnitz) | ||||||
| Eugen Taucher | Joined on 9 January 1920, resigned on 1 February 1920 | ||||||
| Johanna Tesch | 21 (Hessen-Nassau) | ||||||
| Christine Teusch | 23 (Köln-Aachen) | ||||||
| Johannes Thabor | 26 (Düsseldorf-West) | ||||||
| Adolf Thiele | |||||||
| Georg Thöne | 21 (Hessen-Nassau) | ||||||
| Detlef Thomsen | SHBLD | Resigned on 7 July 1919 | |||||
| Franz Thurow | Entered on 11 February 1919 as a replacement for Friedrich Ebert | ||||||
| Gottfried Traub | |||||||
| Peter Tremmel | 24 (Coblenz-Trier) | ||||||
| Karl Trimborn | 23 (Köln-Aachen) | ||||||
| Oskar Trinks | |||||||
| Carl Ulitzka | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Carl Ulrich | 22 (Hessen-Darmstadt) | ||||||
| Karl Veidt | Resigned on 29 August 1919 | ||||||
| Wilhelm Vershofen | |||||||
| Otto Vesper | |||||||
| Albert Vögler | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Hans Vogel | 29 (Franken) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Vogt | 34 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Fritz Voigt | |||||||
| Friedrich Wachhorst de Wente | |||||||
| Felix Waldstein | 14 (Schleswig-Holstein) | ||||||
| Wilhelm Wallbaum | Resigned on 29 September 1919 | ||||||
| Fritz Warmuth | 5 (Frankfurt (Oder)) | ||||||
| Helene Weber | |||||||
| Victor Weidtman | |||||||
| Luitpold Weilnböck | 29 (Franken) | ||||||
| Friedrich Weinhausen | Westpreußen | ||||||
| Konrad Weiß | 29 (Franken) | ||||||
| Franz Xaver Weixler | 27 (Oberbayern-Schwaben) | Entered in March 1920 as a replacement for Wilhelm Mayer | |||||
| Otto Wels | 5 (Frankfurt (Oder)) | ||||||
| Hugo Wendorff | |||||||
| Kuno von Westarp | 3 (Potsdam II) | ||||||
| Johannes Wetzlich | |||||||
| Franz Wieber | 26 (Düsseldorf-West) | ||||||
| Philipp Wieland | 34 (Württemberg) | ||||||
| Carl Winkelmann | |||||||
| August Winnefeld | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| August Winnig | Resigned on 3 January 1920 | ||||||
| Joseph Wirth | 35 (Baden) | ||||||
| Rudolf Wissell | |||||||
| Franz Heinrich Witthoefft | |||||||
| Theodor Wolff | |||||||
| Emanuel Wurm | Died on 3 May 1920 | ||||||
| Constantin Zawadzki | 10 (Oppeln) | ||||||
| Johann Anton Zehnter | |||||||
| Marie Zettler | |||||||
| Paul Ziegler | 20 (Westfalen-Süd) | ||||||
| Luise Zietz | 2 (Berlin) | ||||||
| Georg Zöphel | |||||||
| Fritz Zubeil | 3 (Potsdam II) | ||||||