National Assembly (Bhutan) Explained

National Assembly
Native Name:Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་
Coa Pic:Emblem National Assembly of Bhutan.png
Session Room:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addressing the Joint Session of the Parliament of Bhutan, in Thimphu, Bhutan on June 16, 2014.jpg
House Type:Lower house
Leader1 Type:Speaker
Election1:25 January 2024
Leader2 Type:Deputy Speaker
Leader2:Sangay Khandu
Election2:25 January 2024
Leader3:Tshering Tobgay
Election3:28 January 2024
Leader4 Type:Leader of the Opposition
Election4:3 February 2024
Members:47
Structure1:Bhoutan Assemblée nationale 2024.svg
Structure1 Res:270px
Political Groups1:Government (30)

Opposition (17)

Meeting Place:Gyelyong Tshokhang, Thimphu (Here shown, Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India addressing a joint session of the Parliament in 2014.)
Website:http://www.nab.gov.bt/

The National Assembly is the elected lower house of Bhutan's bicameral Parliament which also comprises the Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King) and the National Council (upper house).

Current National Assembly

The current National Assembly has 47 members, first elected in the inaugural general election on March 24, 2008. Jigme Thinley's Druk Phuensum Tshogpa (DPT) Party won a landslide victory, securing 45 seats. The People's Democratic Party (PDP) won the other two,[1] but its leader, Sangay Ngedup, lost the election in his constituency.[2]

Under the 2008 Constitution, Article 12, section 1, the National Assembly consists of a maximum of 55 members directly elected by the citizens of constituencies within each Dzongkhag (District).[3] Under this single-winner voting system, each constituency is represented by a single National Assembly member; each of the 20 Dzongkhags must be represented by between 2–7 members. Constituencies are reapportioned every 10 years (Art. 12, § 2).[3] The National Assembly meets at least twice a year (Art. 12, § 5), and elects a Speaker and Deputy Speaker from among its members (Art. 12, § 3). Members and candidates are allowed to hold political party affiliation.

The 2013 National Assembly election resulted in large increase in percentage of PDP members, who held 32 seats to the DPT's 15 when the new assembly was convened.[4]

In the 2018 National Assembly election, PDP did not qualify for the elections. DNT saw a rise of 30 seats, thus becoming the majority party in the Assembly. DPT, which won 17 seats, became the opposition.

In the 2023–24 Bhutanese National Assembly election, both incumbent parliamentary parties failed to win seats. PDP returned as the majority party, while the new BTP became the opposition.

History

The National Assembly was originally decreed in 1953 by King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck. The National Assembly began as a unicameral parliament within the King's framework for democratization. In 1971, King Jigme Dorji empowered the National Assembly to remove him or any of his successors with a two-thirds majority. The procedure for abdication remains a part of Bhutan's Constitution of 2008, with the addition of a three-fourths majority in a joint sitting of Parliament (i.e., including the National Council) to confirm the involuntary abdication as well as a national referendum to finalize it.[3] (Art. 2)

Electoral system

The 47 members of the National Assembly are elected from single-member constituencies. Primary elections are held in which voters cast votes for parties. The top two parties are then able to field candidates in the main round of voting, in which members are elected using first-past-the-post voting.[5]

Speakers

Complete list of speakers of the National Assembly.[6]

NameEntered OfficeLeft Office
Dasho Kesang Dawa 19531955
Dasho Thinley Dorji19561963
Dasho Tamji Jagar19641965
Nidup Yanglop19661968
Dasho Kesang Dawa19691971
Dasho Shingkhar Lam19711974
Nidup Yanglop19741977
Dasho Tamji Jagar19771988
Lyonpo Sangye Penjor19881989
Dasho Passang Dorji19891997
Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji19972000
Dasho Ugyen Dorji20002007
Lyonpo Jigme Tshultim20082013
Lyonpo Jigme Zangpo20132018
Lyonpo Wangchuk Namgyel2018Present

Constituencies

See main article: List of constituencies of the Bhutan National Assembly.

The National Assembly, the lower of the Parliament of Bhutan, consists Members of Parliament (MPs). Each MP represents a single geographic constituency.[7] Currently, there are 47 National Assembly constituencies.[8] [9] Out of the 20 dzongkhags of Bhutan, Trashigang, with five constituencies, has the highest number of National Assembly constituencies. Samtse, with four constituencies, has the second highest number of National Assembly constituencies. Mongar and Pema Gatshel, with three constituencies each, share the third highest position. All of the other 16 dzongkhags have two constituencies each.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: CORRECTED: Bhutan corrects poll results, opposition shrinks. March 27, 2008. Reuters. 2009-05-10 . Bappa . Majumdar.
  2. http://www.france24.com/en/20080324-bhutan-votes-status-quo-jigmi-thinley-election-parliament&navi=MONDE "Bhutan votes for status quo"
  3. Web site: Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (English) . Government of Bhutan . 2008-07-18 . 2010-10-13 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162637/http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20%28A5%29.pdf . 2011-07-06 .
  4. Web site: Bhutan's Election Commission completes polls process, hands over MP list to King. DNA India. 14 July 2013. 2013-07-14.
  5. http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2035_B.htm Electoral system
  6. https://www.nab.gov.bt/page/past-speakers Past Speakers
  7. Web site: Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan 2008. 2019-05-25. 2008. Government of Bhutan. https://web.archive.org/web/20180921012830/http://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf. 2018-09-21. live.
  8. Web site: Final Delimitation Order For The National Assembly Constituencies Of The Kingdom Of Bhutan, 2017. Election Commission of Bhutan. 2017-12-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20190615220529/https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/English-Notification.pdf. 2019-06-15.
  9. Web site: Constituency List. National Assembly of Bhutan. 2019-05-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20190402095320/http://www.nab.gov.bt/en/member/constituency_list. 2019-04-02. dead.