| Natalia Poklonskaya | |
| Native Name Lang: | ru |
| Office: | Adviser to Prosecutor General of Russia |
| Term Start: | 14 June 2022 |
| President: | Vladimir Putin |
| Primeminister: | Mikhail Mishustin |
| Office2: | Deputy Head of Rossotrudnichestvo |
| Term Start2: | 2 February 2022 |
| Term End2: | 13 June 2022 |
| 1Blankname2: | Head |
| 1Namedata2: | Yevgeny Primakov Jr. |
| Office3: | Russian Ambassador to Cape Verde |
| Term Start3: | 13 October 2021 |
| Term End3: | 2 February 2022 |
| Predecessor3: | Vladimir Sokolenko |
| Successor3: | Timur Sabrekov (acting) |
| Office4: | Member of the State Duma |
| Term Start4: | 5 October 2016 |
| Term End4: | 12 October 2021 |
| Office5: | Prosecutor of the Republic of Crimea |
| Office6: | Prosecutor of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea |
| Term Start6: | 11 March |
| Term End6: | 17 March 2014 |
| Office7: | Senior Prosecutor of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine |
| Term Start7: | 12 December 2012 |
| Term End7: | 11 March 2014 |
| Term Start5: | 25 March 2014 |
| Term End5: | 6 October 2016 |
| Predecessor5: | None (post created) |
| Successor5: | Andrei Fomin (acting) Oleg Kamshylov[1] |
| Birth Date: | 1980 3, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Mykhailivka, Voroshilovgrad Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Children: | 1 |
| Rank: | State Counselor of Justice 3rd Class |
Natalia Vladimirovna Poklonskaya (Russian: Наталья Владимировна Поклонская|links=yes|Natal'ya Vladimirovna Poklonskaya (pronounced as /ru/); Ukrainian: Наталія Володимирівна Поклонська|translit=Nataliia Volodymyrivna Poklons'ka; born 18 March 1980) is a Ukrainian-born Russian lawyer. She has served as the adviser to the Prosecutor General of Russia since 14 June 2022.[2]
Poklonskaya was a Ukrainian prosecutor from 2002 to February 2014, working in various Prosecutor's Offices or as an assistant district attorney. During the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, she resigned from Ukrainian service and was appointed Prosecutor General of Crimea on 11 March 2014; a press conference given by Poklonskaya on that day resulted in her becoming an internet phenomenon. After the annexation,[3] Poklonskaya's appointment was confirmed by Russian authorities on 25 March, around the same time Ukrainian judicial authorities declared her a wanted criminal.
Poklonskaya resigned as Prosecutor General in 2016 after her election as a Deputy of the State Duma of Russia, where she served as deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Foreign Affairs.[4] She did not stand for re-election in 2021, and was that year appointed Russian Ambassador to Cape Verde. From February to June 2022, Poklonskaya served as deputy head of Rossotrudnichestvo.[5]
Poklonskaya was born 18 March 1980 in the village of Mikhailovka, in the Voroshilovgrad Oblast of what was then the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; later in 1990, her family moved to Yevpatoria in Crimea.[6] Her parents are both retired, living in Crimea,[6] and both her grandfathers died during the Second World War, with only her grandmother surviving the German occupation.
In 1987, together with her parents and older sister, she moved to Crimea. She chose the profession of law enforcement officer in memory of her uncle, who died at the hands of bandits.
She graduated from the University of Internal Affairs in Yevpatoria in 2002. While studying during the summer holidays, together with her sister, she worked as a waitress and bartender at the local cafe Izyuminka.
After her graduation, Poklonskaya worked in the Ukrainian Prosecutor's Office, initially serving as an assistant prosecutor to the Acting Prosecutor of the Republic of Crimea. She was the assistant attorney of Krasnogvardeisky district in Crimea from 2002 to 2006, and the assistant attorney of Yevpatoria from 2006 to 2010. Between 2010 and 2011, she was the deputy chief of a surveillance law enforcement unit of the Prosecutor's Office of Crimea which was responsible for dealing with organized crime.
In 2011 in Simferopol, she acted as the state prosecutor in the high-profile trial of Ruvim Aronov, a former deputy of the Supreme Council of Crimea and a former manager of the Saki soccer club.[7] Aronov was prosecuted for his leadership role in the Bashmaki gang, an organized crime group that emerged in Crimea, Zaporizhzhia, Kharkiv, and Kyiv after the 1991 dissolution of the USSR. The gang had been "known for its cruelty" and had been implicated in racketeering, robberies, eight abductions, and 50 murders. In December of the same year, Poklonskaya was allegedly assaulted in the stairwell of her home in Yalta. As a result, she suffered partial facial paralysis. The alleged attack was widely believed to have been a revenge attack by the Bashmaki gang. On December 9, 2019, she reported that the information about the beating was not true, saying that “the story that someone beat me up at the entrance is not true."
As a state prosecutor in the case of the Bashmaki gang, she was poisoned during a business trip to Odesa. Poklonskaya described the situation as follows: “I drank a bottle of ordinary water at the hotel when I was on a business trip in Odesa. There was an unknown substance in the water. At the hotel, there was water on the nightstand, as usual. It happened at night - nausea, intestinal and stomach upset. A wild headache, my head was splitting to such an extent that I wanted to die.” Subsequently, the unidentified substance was removed from the body; after the poisoning, Poklonskaya filed a report, telling the manager that she would no longer be able to work on this matter.[8]
In the same year, she was appointed the inter-district environmental prosecutor of Simferopol. Following that, she was transferred to the Ukrainian Prosecutor General's Office in Kyiv, where she served as a senior prosecutor.
From October to December 2012, Poklonskaya worked as head of the prosecution with the proceedings of the Court of Appeal of Crimea. Later, from December 2012 up until March 2014, she was a senior attorney of the 2nd division of the General Directorate of Internal Affairs involved in pre-trial investigation and public prosecution management supervision with oversight of law enforcement in criminal proceedings.
On 25 February 2014, Poklonskaya handed in her resignation, in which she stated that she was "ashamed to live in the country where neo-fascists freely walk about the streets" (a reference to radical Euromaidan activists). Instead, she was given a vacation and left Kyiv for Crimea where her parents lived.
On 11 March 2014, amid the Russian occupation of Crimea, Poklonskaya was appointed Prosecutor of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Poklonskaya was appointed to the position by Sergei Aksyonov after the position had been reportedly rejected by four others, including the former Vice-Prosecutor of Crimea, Vyacheslav Pavlov.[9] A press conference given by Poklonskaya on that day resulted in her becoming an internet phenomenon. Poklonskaya's appointment was confirmed by Russian authorities on 25 March, around the same time Ukrainian judicial authorities declared her a wanted criminal due to alleged involvement in conspiracy to overthrow constitutional order or seize state power.
Immediately following her appointment as Prosecutor, she was involved in an investigation into the violent attacks committed against Crimean Berkut members. On 19 March 2014, Poklonskaya confirmed that investigations were ongoing into a shooting in Simferopol which killed two while denying reports that the shooter had been detained. She compared the shooting to the "sniper attacks on Independence Square in Kyiv" from 18 to 21 February, and stated her belief that the shooting was meant to "provoke violence between the military forces" of Ukraine and Crimea.[10]
Crimea, which in the meantime had come under Russian control[11] and become a federal subject of Russia (since then Crimea is under dispute by Russia and Ukraine[12]), saw the creation of its new Prosecutor's Office, now subordinated to Russia's Prosecutor General Yury Chaika. On 25 March, Chaika appointed Poklonskaya as acting Prosecutor of the Republic of Crimea for this new office.[13] On 27 March, Russian Prosecutor General Yury Chaika granted Poklonskaya the rank of Senior Counsellor of Justice. On 4 April, Poklonskaya gave the approval for the Russian FSB to begin an operation to arrest Yevgeniy Pomelov, the assistant attorney of Yalta, as part of a larger bribery case.[14]
On 11 April, the Prosecutor General of Russia personally presented Poklonskaya with her official papers as a Russian legal officer.[15] On 2 May, Russian President Vladimir Putin appointed Poklonskaya Chief Prosecutor of Crimea.[16] On 4 May, Poklonskaya accused the Crimean Tatars' self-governmental body (the Mejlis) of extremist activity, warning that the Mejlis could be dissolved and outlawed across Russia.[17] [18]
In June, Poklonskaya was appointed as a judge to "guarantee impartiality in the selection of winners" for Russia's Five Stars singing competition, which would select Russia's entrant for the Intervision Song Contest.[19] [20] In September, Poklonskaya declared that those who did not recognize the annexation of Crimea by Russia, as well as those who incited ethnic strife, would be deported.[21] Also in November 2014, Poklonskaya was rated as the sixteenth out of the hundred most promising politicians in Russia by the Institute for Social-Economic and Political Studies.[22]
In March 2015, Poklonskaya was appointed as the head of the Japanese-Russian Friendship Society.[23] In May 2015, Poklonskaya accused local activist Alexander Kostenko of making Nazi gestures during the Maidan protests, and that they were judging "not just [Kostenko], but the very idea of fascism and Nazism, which are trying to raise their head once again". Kostenko would later be sentenced to four years in a penal colony.[24] On 11 June 2015, Putin granted Poklonskaya the rank of 3rd Class State Counsellor of Justice which corresponds with the military rank of Major General.[25]
Poklonskaya resigned as Prosecutor General on 27 September 2016 due to her election as MP in the State Duma during the 2016 legislative election.[26] Prior to her resignation, she was the youngest female general in Russia, at age 36.[27]
In 2015, Poklonskaya announced that she would be running as an MP in the State Duma for the United Russia party. Poklonskaya was elected during the 2016 legislative election.[26] Throughout Russia, she was sometimes considered a potential candidate at the early stages of the presidential elections in 2018.[28]
In office, Poklonskaya became notable for her defense of early 20th century Tsar Nicholas II. Considered a Saint by the Russian Orthodox Church, Nicholas II was accused in the film Matilda of having an affair with Mathilde Kschessinska. Poklonskaya defended the Tsar and called on local prosecutors to determine whether the film was religiously insensitive, which caused a public outcry among politicians and cultural figures.[29]
In 2018, Poklonskaya was the only United Russia MP to vote against a government bill to raise the retirement age; her amendments were rejected when voting in the chamber. She a number of bills to combat corruption and conflicts of interest among State Duma deputies.[30] Poklonskaya did not stand for re-election during the 2021 legislative election.
On 13 October 2021, Poklonskaya was appointed ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Cabo Verde.[31] She was, however, unable to take up that position, and was instead on 2 February 2022 appointed to be the deputy chief of Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (commonly known as Rossotrudnichestvo) after completing a master's degree in international relations.[32]
After making a series of anti-war comments amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Poklonskaya was dismissed as deputy chief of Rossotrudnichestvo.[33] On her Telegram channel, Poklonskaya announced she would be "moving to another job" and thanked Putin for his "support and trust." She assumed her new position as adviser to Prosecutor General of Russia the following day.[34] After being appointed advisor to the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation in the summer of 2022, Poklonskaya completely stopped speaking on social networks - until October 2023. The reason to break the silence was an attempt by scammers to deceive an American citizen, who was informed that the ex-deputy had been extradited to Ukraine and was asked for 100 thousand dollars for a ransom. She reported this story on her Telegram channel.[35]
After a video of Poklonskaya at a press conference on 11 March 2014 was uploaded to YouTube, she went viral among mainly Japanese and Chinese internet users, and also became the focus of attention of Internet communities such as Reddit, 4chan and VKontakte, which was reported by international news outlets. Within a month, the press conference was viewed over 1.7 million times. Many fan-created anime-style moe images of her uploaded to the Internet also attracted international media attention.
In 2014, Poklonskaya was among the most searched-for celebrities on the internet in both Russia and Ukraine. According to Google, she was the year's 7th most searched-for person in Russia[36] and the 8th in Ukraine,[37] and according to the Russian search engine Yandex – the 2nd most searched-for female in Ukraine[38] and the 4th in Russia.[39] She was described as a sex symbol by the New York Observer and Die Welt.[40] [41] Poklonskaya told the website Novorossia Today in March 2016 that she views her beauty as an asset: "My looks have never been an obstacle – I hope they deceive my enemies." Of the numerous cartoons of her appearing in Japanese newspapers, Poklonskaya said "My daughter looks at these pictures every day. She happily tells me, 'Mom, you’re becoming an anime heroine in Japan,' which of course is very exciting for her. As for myself, though, I'm too busy to really pay much attention to the drawings."
Due to the international media coverage she received in 2014, Poklonskaya has been intentionally reticent about her personal life. Although Russian media reported her as being married,[42] [43] when Poklonskaya failed to disclose her husband's name in her financial declarations, she was forced to admit that she had broken up with her fiancé, and had only stated she was married to prevent unwanted attention from male fans who may have wanted to date her.[44] [45] Poklonskaya has a daughter named Anastasiya (born 2005).[46] [47] In June 2017, Poklonskaya said in an interview that she was not married, although she noted that she previously “had a relationship with a man with whom we intended to formalize it,” but “it just so happened that we broke up.”[48]
On 13 August 2018, a number of media reported that Poklonskaya married 47-year-old, a veteran of law enforcement agencies, honoured lawyer of Russia, and head of the office of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia. The wedding took place in Crimea.[49] A year later, in September 2019, Soloviev revealed that he and Poklonskaya had separated.[50] In May 2020, in an interview with journalist Dmitry Gordon, answering a question about the reasons for the divorce, Poklonskaya noted that “this was not the person to talk about”. In addition, she denied rumors that her first husband was the deputy mayor of Mariupol, Vladimir Klimenko.[51]
During the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, Poklonskaya voted for successful candidate Viktor Yushchenko.
In her blog on LiveJournal, Poklonskaya listed in one row the “monsters of the 20th century,” including Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Adolf Hitler and Mao Zedong.[52]
Poklonskaya said that since March 2014 she has not been a citizen of Ukraine.[53] In April 2022, she referred to Russia and Ukraine as her "two native countries". Also in April 2022, she said Ukrainian society has "changed" in the eight years since the beginning of the war in Donbas with pro-Russian separatists and that "Ukraine is not Russia".
In 2014, Poklonskaya stated that she actively supports the policies of the Russian Federation, considers it a “great power”, is raising her daughter in the spirit of respect for the memory of those who died in the Great Patriotic War, including her two grandfathers who died in this war, and also opposes the destruction of those dedicated to monuments to her.
In March 2014, Poklonskaya referred to the change of power in Ukraine as an "unconstitutional coup and armed seizure of power", and called Ukraine's new parliamentarians "devils from the ashes."
During the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election, Poklonskaya expressed admiration for successful candidate Volodymyr Zelenskyy, calling him "a wonderful actor and politician" and saying that she considers Zelenskyy "a talented person" and "would be ready to vote for him."
In March 2024, after the terrorist attack at Crocus City Hall, Poklonskaya advocated the return of the death penalty.[54]
Poklonskaya is deeply religious, and is a member of the Eastern Orthodox Church. In March 2017, she claimed that a bronze bust of Tsar Nicholas II in Simferopol was seeping fragrant myrrh. The Russian Orthodox Church stated that they did not detect traces on the bronze bust, but instructed the church priest to continue observation; in the past some Roman Catholic worshippers had made claims of weeping statues of the Virgin Mary. Poklonskaya's statement drew ridicule from some Russian netizens.[55]
In February 2017, Poklonskaya led a campaign to block the release of the film Matilda for its allegedly blasphemous portrayal of the affair between Tsar Nicholas II (who has been canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church) and the ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya.[56] In April, Poklonskaya released a 39-page report attempting to denounce the film and alleging, among other claims, that the historically evidenced and well-documented affair could not have happened as Kshesinskaya was, in the opinion of the report's authors, "too ugly to have attracted the attention of the Tsar".[57] Poklonskaya was accused of being the head of an unofficial "Orthodox Taliban" by Deutsche Welle.[58] Poklonskaya has argued that Nicholas II's abdication in 1917 was legally null and void.[59]
Later, in 2020, during an interview, Poklonskaya noted the following on this matter: “My opinion is that there is no need to show saints in a bad light, and Nicholas II has been canonized as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church and the Foreign Orthodox Church. Well, I have a special, personal attitude. But for some reason I thought that I was smarter than everyone else and I had the right to tell people: if you sin, don’t sin, look, don’t look, this is beautiful, and this is not beautiful. This is my mistake. I admit. I was mistaken in that I thought that I had the right to dictate and impose my opinion."
In April 2022, the Moscow Times reported that Poklonskaya had labelled the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a "catastrophe."[60] In a video address to an international forum she said, "People are dying, houses and entire cities are destroyed leaving millions of refugees. Bodies and souls are mutilated. My heart is bursting with pain. My two native countries are killing each other, that's not what I wanted then and it's not what I want now."
Also in April 2022, she had told a popular YouTube blogger that Ukraine's society has "changed" in the eight years since the beginning of the war in Donbas with pro-Russian separatists and that Ukrainians "would not greet Russia with flowers."
Later that month Poklonskaya also criticized the Z military symbol as used by the Russian invasion force. After doing this she received an immediate response from Rossotrudnichestvo head Yevgeny Primakov who claimed that the letters Z and V are "symbols of the very liberation of Ukraine from the obvious evil of terrorists and bandits." She also proposed investigating the Bucha massacre as a war crime, called reports about US biological laboratories in Ukraine “fantasy” and stated that she did not consider Ukraine a Nazi state.
According to the Moscow Times Poklonskaya's break with Russia's official line that the Russian invasion of Ukraine is a "special military operation" to "de-Nazify and demilitarize" Ukraine was practically unheard of for a sitting official.
According to the declaration published on the website of the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Crimea, Poklonskaya has an apartment of 116.6 m² in use, and her income for 2014 amounted to 1.926 million rubles. According to the declaration published by the Central Election Commission in 2016, Poklonskaya’s income for 2015 amounted to 2.3 million rubles. From January 1 to December 31, 2016, Poklonskaya’s income, according to the declaration published on the website of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, amounted to 2.6 million rubles; for 2017, income increased noticeably and amounted to more than 4.5 million rubles; for 2018, income amounted to 4,736,578.30 rubles. She also owns a land plot for individual housing construction of 1014 +/-11 m².[61] On February 8, 2018, the Book World publishing house published Poklonskaya’s book Devotion to Faith and Fatherland, dedicated to the events of 2013-2014: “My public speeches during the Crimean Spring, the life and achievements of the staff of the prosecutor’s office of the Republic of Crimea are the first criminal case against a Euromaidan activist in Kiev, who caused bodily harm to employees of the Berkut special forces unit, the reasons and grounds for the decision to recognize the activities of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people as extremist and other decisions made in the position of the prosecutor of the republic.” The second part of the book is devoted to “activities to protect historical reality and human rights in the activities of cultural representatives.” The publication is supplied with photographs from Poklonskaya’s personal archive, taken in Kiev and other places.[62]
In February 2019, Poklonskaya published an autobiographical book Crimean Spring: Before and After in the Prospekt publishing house. A first-hand story,” where she told about a huge period of life and the events of March 2014: “The text itself is a story about my childhood and youth, professional development, service in the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine, Kiev Maidan, moving to Crimea, national referendum, creation and formation the prosecutor's office of the Republic of Crimea, the election campaign for elections to the State Duma, the work and liquidation of the anti-corruption commission, criminal prosecution in Ukraine. The book is prepared in unique format - with illustrations in anime style, with epigraphs and unique photographs from the personal archive".[63]
In 2018, during an official visit to the Lugansk People's Republic, Poklonskaya starred in a small cameo role in the feature film Opolchenochka.
Poklonskaya plays the piano. On her visit to the summer residence of Tsar Nicholas II, she played (among other pieces) Masquerade, a waltz by Soviet Armenian composer Aram Khachaturian.[64]
Following her appointment as Prosecutor General of Crimea on 11 March 2014, Poklonskaya was listed as a wanted criminal on the website of the Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs, due to alleged involvement in conspiracy to overthrow constitutional order or seize state power.[65] Poklonskaya's previous criticism of the opposition protests in Ukraine, and the "anti-constitutional coup" led the Ukrainian government to launch a criminal case against her and strip her of the civil service rank of Counsellor of Justice.
Poklonskaya was sanctioned by the United Kingdom on 5 May 2014 in relation to "actively implementing" Russia's annexation of Crimea.[66] [67] On 12 May, the European Union added Poklonskaya to its sanctions list.[68] [69] This barred her from entering EU countries and any of her assets there, if existent, were to be frozen.[70] Canada imposed similar sanctions on Poklonskaya a month later,[71] followed by Japan on 4 August. Australia followed soon after, sanctioning Poklonskaya on 2 September.[72] On 19 December, the United States introduced its individual sanctions against several Ukrainian separatists and Russians, of which Poklonskaya was the only woman.[73]