Cuban greater funnel-eared bat explained
The Cuban greater funnel-eared bat (Natalus primus) is a species of funnel-eared bat. It is endemic to a cave in westernmost Cuba.[1]
Taxonomy
The bats within the genus Natalus have had a complex taxonomic history due to its morphological conservatism.[2] The taxonomy of Natalidae has been recently updated by the discovery and rediscovery of live species and fossils, and on the basis of new morphological and molecular evidence.[3]
Description
The Cuban greater funnel-eared bat has funnel-like ears and a tail as long as the head and body combined.[4] The legs are shorter than the forearm, dorsal hair length is 8–, ventral hair length is 7- long. Each hair is divided into three different color bands going from dark on the base, light in the middle, and the tip a little darker than the middle.[5] They have black, stiff hairs above the upper lip, much like a moustache, and white hairs below the lower lip. They have tan and reddish-brown fur with a paler belly.
They have a diet consisting largely of moths, crickets, and beetles. In 1992, the first living population was discovered in a cave in Cueva La Barca.[4] Caribbean hurricanes early in the evolutionary history of Natalids may account for specialized cave roosting.[6]
Conservation
When Harold E. Anthony described this species in 1919, he thought it was an extinct form[7] [8] because it was only known from fossil localities on Cuba, on Isla de la Juventud, Grand Cayman and various islands in the Bahamas. In 1992, a living population has been rediscovered.[4] Natalus primus is considered vulnerable and only inhabits one cave in Cueva La Barca on Isla de la Juventud island and province.[9] The population is abundant in that single cave, but this species is likely to go extinct due to its limited dispersal range,[4] human disturbance and loss of habitat.[10] It is estimated that there are only a few thousand individuals.
This species is known to have become extirpated throughout most of Cuba suggesting a population decline that may have continued until the present.[11] The survival of Cuban bats is threatened by forest destruction and cave modification.[12]
Habitat loss through erosion is a major concern. The ongoing collapse of the cave roof is likely to upset the thermal balance in this hot cave and result in Natalus primus extinction.[4] Cave-dwelling Cuban bat species conservation should be a cooperative effort promoting research and habitat management.[12]
Notes and References
- Web site: Mammal's Planet - Species Sheet - Cuban Greater Funnel-eared Bat, Cuban Yellow Bat. Ch Boudet. 2014-02-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20140301225048/http://www.planet-mammiferes.org/drupal/en/node/38?indice=Natalus+primus. 2014-03-01. dead.
- López-Wilchis. Ricardo . Luis M. Guevara-Chumacero . Neófito ángeles Pérez . Javier Juste . Carlos Ibáñez . Irene D. L. A. Barriga-Sosa . Taxonomic status assessment of the Mexican populations of funnel-eared bats, genus Natalus (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Acta Chiropterologica. December 2012. 14. 2 . 2. 305–316. 10.3161/150811012x661639. 10261/72462 . 85765304 .
- Tejedor. Adrian. Systematics of funnel-eared bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2011. 353. 1–140. 10.1206/636.1. 2246/6120. 84311591.
- Web site: Cuban Greater Funnel-Eared Bat (Natalus primus). EDGE . The Zoological Society of London. 2014-02-23.
- Tejedor . Adrian . A new species of funnel-eared bat (Natalidae: Natalus) from Mexico . Journal of Mammalogy . 2005 . 86 . 6 . 1109–1120 . 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1109:ANSOFB]2.0.CO;2.
- Molecular phylogeny of funnel-eared bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae), with notes on biogeography and conservation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. October 2005. 37. 1. 91–103. 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.024. 15967682 . Dávalos . LM.
- Anthony, Harold Elmer. Mammals collected in eastern Cuba in 1917: with descriptions of two new species . 1919 . 41 . 625–643, 3 plates . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . 2246/1358 .
- Allen, Glover M. (1942), Extinct and vanishing mammals of the western hemisphere, with the marine species of all the oceans, American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, pp. 29–30.
- Web site: Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund - Conservation Outcomes - Caribbean Islands. Conservation International. 2014-02-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20140216072219/http://www.cepf.net/where_we_work/regions/CaribbeanIslands/ecosystem_profile/Pages/conservation_outcomes.aspx. 2014-02-16. dead.
- Web site: The world's 100 most threatened species - Are they priceless or worthless?. Wildlife Extra. 2014-02-23.
- Tejedor. Ardian . Valeria DA C. Tavares . Gilberto Silva-Taboada. A revision of extant Greater Antillean bats of the genus Natalus . American Museum Novitates. 2005-10-27. 3493. 1–22 . 10.1206/0003-0082(2005)493[0001:AROEGA]2.0.CO;2 . 54911652 . 2014-02-23.
- Mancina. Carlos. Làzrao Echenique-Diaz . Adrian Tejedor . Lainet Garcìa . Angel Daniel-Alvarez . Miguel Ortega-Huerta . Endemics under threat: an assessment of the conservation status of Cuban bats. Hystrix: The Italian Journal of Mammalogy. 2007. 18. 1. 2014-02-23.