Nassau County, New York Explained

County:Nassau County
State:New York
Ex Image:HempsteadHouseSandsPoint.jpg
Ex Image Size:285px
Ex Image Cap:Hempstead House, part of Sands Point Preserve, on Nassau County's Gold Coast, home to some of the world's most expensive real estate
Seal:Seal of Nassau County, New York.svg
Flag:Official Flag of Nassau County, New York.svg
Founded:1899
Leader Title:Executive
Leader Name:Bruce Blakeman (R)
City Type:town
Area Total Sq Mi:453
Area Land Sq Mi:285
Area Water Sq Mi:169
Area Percentage:37
Census Yr:2020
Pop:1395774
Density Km2:auto
Density Sq Mi:4897.45
Time Zone:Eastern
District:2nd
District2:3rd
District3:4th
Footnotes:Population is 2020 official census
Official Name:County of Nassau

Nassau County is a suburban county located on Long Island, immediately to the east of New York City, bordering the Long Island Sound on the north and the open Atlantic Ocean to the south. As of the 2020 United States census, Nassau County's population was 1,395,774, making it the sixth-most populous county in the State of New York,[1] and reflecting an increase of 56,242 (+4.2%) from the 1,339,532 residents enumerated at the 2010 census.[2] Its county seat is Mineola, while the county's largest and most populous town is Hempstead.[3] [4] [5] As with the remainder of Long Island, Nassau County lies in the southeastern region of New York State.

Situated on western Long Island, the County of Nassau borders New York City's borough of Queens to its west, and Long Island's Suffolk County to its east. It is the most densely populated and second-most populous county in the State of New York outside of New York City, with which it maintains extensive rail and highway connectivity, and is considered one of the central counties within the New York metropolitan area.

Nassau County comprises two cities, three towns, 64 incorporated villages, and more than 60 unincorporated hamlets. Nassau County has a designated police department,[6] fire commission,[7] and elected executive and legislative bodies.[8] A 2012 Forbes article based on the American Community Survey reported Nassau County as the most expensive county and one of the highest income counties in the U.S., and the most affluent in New York state, with four of the nation's top ten towns by median income located in the county.[9] As of 2024, the median home price overall in Nassau County is approximately US$800,000, while the Gold Coast of Nassau County features some of the world's most expensive real estate.

Nassau County high school students often feature prominently as winners of the International Science and Engineering Fair and similar STEM-based academic awards.[10] Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in the Town of Oyster Bay; the Old Westbury campus of New York Institute of Technology; Zucker School of Medicine in the Village of Hempstead; and the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research in Manhasset, are prominent life sciences research and academic institutions in Nassau County. The presence of numerous prominent health care systems has made Nassau County a central hub for advanced medical care and technology. Eight cricket matches of the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup were played at the cricket stadium in East Meadow in June 2024.

Etymology

The name of Nassau County originated from an old name for Long Island, which was at one time named Nassau, after the Dutch family of King William III of England, the House of Nassau,[11] itself named after the German town of Nassau. The county colors (orange and blue) are also the colors of the House of Orange-Nassau.

Several alternate names had been considered for the county, including "Bryant", "Matinecock" (a village within the county currently has that name), "Norfolk" (presumably because of the proximity to Suffolk County), and "Sagamore".[12] However, "Nassau" had the historical advantage of having at one time been the name of Long Island itself,[13] and was the name most mentioned after the new county was proposed in 1875.[14] [15] [16]

History

The area now designated as Nassau County was originally the eastern 70% of Queens County, one of the original twelve counties formed in 1683, and was then contained within two towns: Hempstead and Oyster Bay. In 1784, the Town of North Hempstead, was formed through secession by the northern portions of the Town of Hempstead. Nassau County was formed in 1899 by the division of Queens County, after the western portion of Queens had become a borough of New York City in 1898, as the three easternmost towns seceded from the county.

When the first European settlers arrived, among the Native Americans to occupy the present area of Nassau County were the Marsapeque, Matinecoc, and Sacatogue. Dutch settlers in New Netherland predominated in the western portion of Long Island, while English settlers from Connecticut occupied the eastern portion. Until 1664, Long Island was split, roughly at the present border between Nassau and Suffolk counties, between the Dutch in the west and Connecticut claiming the east. The Dutch did grant an English settlement in Hempstead (now in western Nassau), but drove settlers from the present-day eastern Nassau hamlet of Oyster Bay as part of a boundary dispute. In 1664, all of Long Island became part of the English Province of New York within the Shire of York. Present-day Queens and Nassau were then just part of a larger North Riding. In 1683, the colonial territory of Yorkshire was dissolved, Suffolk County and Queens County were established, and the local seat of government was moved west from Hempstead to Jamaica (now in New York City).[17]

By 1700, virtually none of Long Island's area remained unpurchased from the Native Americans by the English colonists, and townships controlled whatever land had not already been distributed.[18] The courthouse in Jamaica was torn down by the British during the American Revolution to use the materials to build barracks.[19]

In 1784, following the American Revolutionary War, the Town of Hempstead was split in two, when Patriots in the northern part formed the new Town of North Hempstead, leaving Loyalist majorities in the Town of Hempstead. About 1787, a new Queens County Courthouse was erected (and later completed) in the new Town of North Hempstead, near present-day Mineola (now in Nassau County), known then as Clowesville.[20] [21] [22] The Long Island Rail Road reached as far east as Hicksville in 1837, but did not proceed to Farmingdale until 1841 due to the Panic of 1837. The 1850 census was the first in which the population of the three western towns (Flushing, Jamaica, and Newtown) exceeded that of the three eastern towns that are now part of Nassau County. Concerns were raised about the condition of the old courthouse and the inconvenience of travel and accommodations, with the three eastern and three western towns divided on the location for the construction of a new one.[23] Around 1874, the seat of county government was moved to Long Island City from Mineola.[24] [25] As early as 1875, representatives of the three eastern towns began advocating the separation of the three eastern towns from Queens, with some proposals also including the towns of Huntington and Babylon (in Suffolk County).

In 1898, the western portion of Queens County became a borough of the City of Greater New York, leaving the eastern portion a part of Queens County but not part of the Borough of Queens. As part of the city consolidation plan, all town, village, and city (other than NYC) governments within the borough were dissolved, as well as the county government with its seat in Jamaica. The areas excluded from the consolidation included all of the Town of North Hempstead, all of the Town of Oyster Bay, and most of the Town of Hempstead (excluding the Rockaway Peninsula, which was separated from the Town of Hempstead and became part of the city borough).In 1899, following approval from the New York State Legislature, the three towns were separated from Queens County, and the new county of Nassau was constituted.

In preparation for the new county, in November 1898, voters had selected Mineola to become the county seat for the new county[26] (before Mineola incorporated as a village in 1906 and set its boundaries almost entirely within the Town of North Hempstead), winning out over Hicksville and Hempstead.[27] The Garden City Company (founded in 1893 by the heirs of Alexander Turney Stewart)[28] donated four acres of land for the county buildings in the Town of Hempstead, just south of the Mineola train station and the present day village of Mineola.[29] The land and the buildings have a Mineola postal address, but are within the present day Village of Garden City,[30] which did not incorporate, nor set its boundaries, until 1919.In 1917,[31] the hamlet of Glen Cove was granted a city charter, making it independent from the Town of Oyster Bay. In 1918, the village of Long Beach was incorporated in the Town of Hempstead. In 1922, it became a city, making it independent of the town. These are the only two administrative divisions in Nassau County identified as cities.

From the early 1900s until the Depression and the early 1930s, many hilly farmlands on the North Shore were transformed into luxurious country estates for wealthy New Yorkers, with the area receiving the "Gold Coast" moniker and becoming the setting of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel The Great Gatsby. One summer resident of the Gold Coast was President Theodore Roosevelt, at Sagamore Hill. In 1908, William Kissam Vanderbilt constructed the Long Island Motor Parkway as a toll road through Nassau County. With overpasses and bridges to remove intersections, it was among the first limited access motor highways in the world, and was also used as a racecourse to test the capabilities of the fledgling automobile industry.

Nassau County, with its extensive flat land, was the site of many aviation firsts. Military aviators for both World Wars were trained on the Hempstead Plains at installations such as Mitchel Air Force Base, and a number of successful aircraft companies were established. Charles Lindberg took off for Paris from Roosevelt Field in 1927, completing the first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight from the United States. Grumman (which in 1986 employed 23,000 people on Long Island[32]) built many planes for World War II, and later contributed the Apollo Lunar Module to the Space program.[33]

The United Nations Security Council was temporarily located in Nassau County, from 1946 till 1951. Council meetings were held at the Sperry Gyroscope headquarters in the village of Lake Success, near the border with Queens County. It was here that on June 27, 1950, the Security Council voted to back U.S. President Harry S Truman and send a coalition of forces to the Korean Peninsula, leading to the Korean War.

Until World War II, most of Nassau County was still farmland, particularly in the eastern portion. Following the war, the county saw an influx of people from the five boroughs of New York City, especially from Brooklyn and Queens, who left their urban dwellings for a more suburban setting. This led to a massive population boom in the county. In 1947, William Levitt built his first planned community in Nassau County, in the Island Trees section (later renamed Levittown; this should not be confused with the county's first planned community, which in general is Garden City). In the 1930s, Robert Moses had engineered curving parkways and parks such as Jones Beach State Park and Bethpage State Park for the enjoyment of city-dwellers; in the 1950s and 1960s the focus turned to alleviating commuter traffic.

In 1994, Federal Judge Arthur Spatt declared the Nassau County Board of Supervisors unconstitutional and directed that a 19-member legislature be formed.[34] Republicans won 13 seats in the election and chose Bruce Blakeman as the first Presiding Officer (Speaker).[35]

According to a Forbes magazine 2012 survey, residents of Nassau County have the 12th highest median household annual income in the country and the highest in the state.[9] In the 1990s, however, Nassau County experienced substantial budget problems, forcing the county to near bankruptcy. Thus, the county government increased taxes to prevent a takeover by the state of New York, leading to the county having high property taxes. Nevertheless, on January 27, 2011, a State of New York oversight board seized control of Nassau County's finances, saying the wealthy and heavily taxed county had failed to balance its $2.6 billion budgets.[36]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (37%) is water.[37]

Nassau County borders the Long Island Sound on the north and the open Atlantic Ocean on the south. The county occupies a portion of Long Island immediately east of the New York City borough of Queens. It is divided into two cities and three towns, the latter of which contain 64 villages and numerous hamlets. The county borders Connecticut across the Long Island Sound.

Between the 1990 U.S. census and the 2000 U.S. census, the Nassau County exchanged territory with Suffolk County and lost territory to Queens County.[38] Dozens of CDPs had boundaries changed, and 12 new CDPs were listed.[38]

Climate

Nassau County has a climate similar to other coastal areas of the Northeastern United States; it has warm, humid summers and cool, wet winters. The county's climate is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa) according to the Köppen climate classification. According to the Trewartha climate classification the climate is oceanic (Do) since six to seven months average above 50″F (10″C). The Atlantic Ocean helps bring afternoon sea breezes that temper the heat in the warmer months and limit the frequency and severity of thunderstorms. Nassau County has a moderately sunny climate, averaging between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually.[39] The hardiness zone is 7b. https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/system/files/NY300_HS.png

Adjacent counties

Nassau County borders the following counties:[40]

Transportation

In July 2017, the approval was granted by state legislators to the plan proposed by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo to add a third railroad track to the Long Island Rail Road corridor between the communities of Floral Park and Hicksville in Nassau County. The nearly US$2 billion transportation infrastructure enhancement project was expected to accommodate anticipated growth in rail ridership and facilitate commutes between New York City and Nassau and Suffolk counties on Long Island.[41]

The Long Island Expressway, Northern State Parkway, and Southern State Parkway are the primary east–west controlled-access highways in Nassau County. Northern Boulevard (New York State Route 25A), Hillside Avenue (New York State Route 25B), Jericho Turnpike (New York State Route 25), New York State Route 24, and Sunrise Highway (New York State Route 27) are also major east–west commercial thoroughfares across the county. The Meadowbrook State Parkway, Wantagh State Parkway, and Seaford-Oyster Bay Expressway (New York State Route 135) are the major north–south controlled-access highways traversing Nassau County.

Nassau County also has a public bus network known as NICE (Nassau Inter-County Express, formerly MTA Long Island Bus) that operates routes throughout the county into Queens and Suffolk counties. 24 hour service is provided on the n4, n6, and most recently the n40/41 lines.

National protected areas

Demographics

At the 2019 American Community Survey, the population of Nassau County stood at 1,356,924, an increase of 17,392 since the 2010 census.[43] At the 2010 U.S. census, there were 1,339,532 people, 448,528 households, and 340,523 families residing in the county. The population of Nassau County was estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau to have increased by 2.2% to 1,369,514 in 2017, representing 6.9% of the census-estimated State of New York population of 19,849,399[44] and 17.4% of the census-estimated Long Island population of 7,869,820.[45] [46] [47] [48] At the 2000 United States census, there were 1,334,544 people, 447,387 households, and 347,172 families residing in the county.

In 2010, there were 340,523 family households. 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 60.0% were married couples living together. 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present. 24.1% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals. 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94. The average family size was 3.38.

In 2010, the population was 23.3% under the age of 18. 18.7% were 62 years of age or older. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males. In 2019, there were 474,165 housing units and 446,977 family households.[49] From 2015 to 2019, there was an average of 2.99 persons per household, and 21.4% of the population was under 18 years of age.

At the 2019 American Community Survey, Nassau had a median household income of $116,100. The per capita income was $51,422. About 5.6% of the population lived at or below the poverty line. The median income for a household in the county in 2010 was $72,030. and the median income for a family was $81,246. These figures had risen to $87,658 and $101,661 respectively according to a 2007 estimate.[50] Males had a median income of $52,340 versus $37,446 for females. The per capita income for the county was $32,151. About 3.50% of families and 5.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.80% of those under age 18 and 5.60% of those age 65 or over.

The population density in 2010 was 4700/mi2. In 2000, the population density was 4655sp=usNaNsp=us. In the 2010 census, there were 468,346 housing units at an average density of 1598sp=usNaNsp=us.

Race and ethnicity

Racial groups and ethnicity on Long Island compared to state and nation[51]
PlacePopulation
2010
census		%
white		%
black
or
African
American		%
Asian		%
Other†		%
mixed
race		%
Hispanic/
Latino
of any
race
RaceEthnicity
Nassau County 1,339,53271.011.17.65.92.414.6
Suffolk County1,493,35081.07.33.45.92.416.5
Long Island Total
(including Brooklyn and Queens)		7,568,30454.720.412.39.33.220.5
NY State19,378,10265.715.97.38.03.017.6
USA308,745,53872.412.64.87.32.916.3
†American Indian, Native Alaskan, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander make up just 0.5% of the population of Long Island, and have been included with "Other".
In 2010, the racial makeup of the county was 73.0% White (65.5% non-Hispanic white), 10.1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 7.6% Asian (3.0% Indian, 1.8% Chinese, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Filipino, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% Vietnamese, 0.9% Other Asian), 0.03% Pacific Islander, 5.6% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 15.6% of the population.[52] In 2019, Nassau County's racial and ethnic makeup was 58.2% non-Hispanic white, 11.3% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 10.3% Asian, 0.7% some other race, and 1.9% two or more races. The Hispanic and Latin American population increased to 17.5% of the population.[53] In 2011, there were about 230,000 Jewish people in Nassau County,[54] representing 17.2% of the population, (as compared to 2% of the total U.S. population). Italian Americans also made up a large portion of Nassau's population. The five most reported ancestries were Italian (23%), Irish (14%), German (7%), Indian (5%), and Polish (4%). The county's population was highest at the 1970 U.S. census. More recently, a Little India community has emerged in Hicksville, Nassau County,[55] spreading eastward from the more established Little India enclaves in Queens. Rapidly growing Chinatowns have developed in Brooklyn and Queens,[56] [57] as did earlier European immigrants, such as the Irish and Italians.As of 2019, the Asian population in Nassau County had grown by 39% since 2010, to an estimated 145,191 individuals. There were approximately 50,000 Indian Americans and 40,000 Chinese Americans. Nassau County has become the leading suburban destination in the U.S. for Chinese immigrants.[58] Likewise, the Long Island Koreatown originated in Flushing, Queens, and is expanding eastward along Northern Boulevard[59] [60] [61] [62] [63] and into Nassau County.[64] The New York Times cited a 2002 study by the non-profit group ERASE Racism, which determined that Nassau, and its neighboring county, Suffolk, as the most de facto racially segregated suburbs in the United States.[65]
Religious groups on Long Island compared to state and nation[66] [67]
PlacePopulation
2010
census		%
Catholic		% not
affiliated		%
Jewish		%
Protestant		Estimate
of % not
reporting
Nassau County 1,339,53252916715
Suffolk County1,493,35052217811
Long Island Total
(including Brooklyn and Queens)		7,568,304401812720
NY State19,378,102422091016
USA308,745,538223722312

Law enforcement

See main article: Nassau County Police Department. County police services are provided by the Nassau County Police Department. The cities of Glen Cove and Long Beach, as well as a number of villages, are not members of the county police district and maintain their own police forces. The following village police departments exist in Nassau County: Brookville (Brookville P.D. provides police protection for Brookville, Matinecock, Mill Neck and Cove Neck), Centre Island, Floral Park, Freeport, Garden City, Great Neck Estates, Hempstead, Kensington, Kings Point, Lake Success, Lynbrook, Malverne, Muttontown-Upper Brookville, Old Brookville, Old Westbury, Oyster Bay Cove, Rockville Centre and Sands Point.

The Port Washington Police District is not a village department but is authorized by a special district, the only such district in the State of New York. These smaller forces make use of such specialized county police services as the police academy and the aviation unit. All homicides in the county are investigated by the county police, regardless of whether or not they occur within the police district.

In June 2011, the Muttontown Police Department commenced operations. The Old Brookville Police had formerly provided police services to the Village of Muttontown.

On June 1, 2022, the Old Brookville Police Department reverted to serving only the Village of Old Brookville and moved its headquarters to the grounds of the Old Brookville village hall. The Village of Brookville formed a new police department, established headquarters on the grounds of the Brookville Nature Park and assumed policing duties for the villages of Brookville, Matinecock, Mill Neck and Cove Neck, that were formerly served by the Old Brookville Police Department. The Village of Upper Brookville joined the Muttontown Police Department which was subsequently renamed the Muttontown-Upper Brookville (MUB) Police Department. The former Old Brookville Police headquarters is now the Upper Brookville village hall and also a substation for the Muttontown-Upper Brookville Police Department.

In 2006, village leaders in the county seat of Mineola expressed dissatisfaction with the level of police coverage provided by the county force and actively explored seceding from the police district and having the village form its own police force. A referendum in December 2006 decisively defeated the proposal.[68]

Since the Long Island State Parkway Police was disbanded in 1980, all of Nassau County's state parkways have been patrolled by Troop L of the New York State Police. State parks in Nassau are patrolled by the New York State Park Police. In 1996, the Long Island Rail Road Police Department was consolidated into the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police. The MTA Police patrol Long Island Rail Road tracks, stations and properties. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Police provides enforcement of state environmental laws and regulations. The State University of New York Police provides enforcement for SUNY Old Westbury.

The Nassau County Police Department posts the mug shots of DWI offenders as press releases on their website. This practice has come under the scrutiny of residents, media, and those pictured in these press releases. This practice has been criticized as being able to cost potential employees, students, or public figures their positions.[69]

County correctional services and enforcement of court orders are provided by the Nassau County Sheriff's Department. New York State Court Officers provide security for courthouses.

The Nassau County Auxiliary Police are a unit of the Nassau County Police Department. These volunteer police officers are assigned to 1 of 38 local community units and perform routine patrols of the neighborhood. They provide traffic control for local parades, races and other community events. Auxiliary Police officers are empowered to make arrests for crimes that occur in their presence.

Nassau County Auxiliary Police are required to complete a 42-week training course at the Nassau County Police Academy. Qualified officers are offered Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) training. Auxiliary Police officers are certified and registered by the New York Division of Criminal Justice Services as full-time "peace officers". The City of Long Beach has an independent auxiliary police force which is part of its municipal police force. These officers are represented by the Auxiliary Police Benevolent Association of Long Island.

Fire departments

Nassau County is currently protected and served by 71 independent volunteer or combination paid/volunteer fire departments, organized into 9 battalions. The Nassau County Fire Commission also provides logistical support to all 71 departments.[70]

1st Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
100 Bellerose Village
110 Bellerose Terrace
120 Floral Park
130 Floral Park Centre
140 Garden City
150 Garden City Park
160 Mineola
170 New Hyde Park
180 South Floral Park
190 Stewart Manor
2nd Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
200 Baldwin
210 Freeport
220 Village of Island Park
230 Long Beach
240 Oceanside
250 Point Lookout-Lido
3rd Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
300 Hewlett
310 Inwood
320 Lawrence Cedarhurst
330 Meadowmere Park
340 Valley Stream
350 Woodmere
4th Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
400 East Rockaway
410 Lakeview
420 Lynbrook
430 Malverne
440 Rockville Centre
5th Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
500 Bayville
510 East Norwich
520 Glen Cove
530 Glenwood
540 Locust Valley
550 Oyster Bay
560 Roslyn Rescue
570 Sea Cliff
580 Syosset
590 Roslyn Highlands
6th Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
600 Bellmore
610 East Meadow
620 Levittown
630 Massapequa
640 Merrick
650 North Bellmore
660 North Massapequa
670 North Merrick
680 Seaford
690 Wantagh
7th Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
700 Elmont
710 Franklin Square and Munson
720 Hempstead
730 Roosevelt
740 South Hempstead
750 Uniondale
760 West Hempstead
8th Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
800 Albertson
810 East Williston
820 Great Neck Alert
830 Great Neck Vigilant
840 Plandome
850 Port Washington
860 Williston Park
870 Manhasset-Lakeville
9th Battalion
Department NumberDepartment Name
900 Bethpage
910 Carle Place
920 Farmingdale
930 Hicksville
940 Jericho
950 Plainview
960 Westbury
970 South Farmingdale

Law and government

The head of the county's governmental structure is the county executive, a post created in Nassau County in 1938. The current county executive is Bruce Blakeman, a Republican who was elected in 2021. The chief deputy county executive is Republican Arthur Walsh. The district attorney is Republican Anne T. Donnelly, who was elected in 2021, replacing Acting District Attorney Joyce Smith. Smith succeeded Madeline Singas after she was nominated and confirmed as an associate judge on the New York Court of Appeals in June 2021.

The county comptroller is Elaine Phillips, a Republican who formerly served in the New York State Senate. The county clerk is Republican Maureen O'Connell. Former elected offices chairman of the County Board of Assessors, county treasurer, and county sheriff were made appointed and serve at the pleasure of the county executive (county assessor in 2008 via referendum, changing it from a six-year term to appointed).[71]

County executive

The current Nassau County executive is Bruce Blakeman, a Republican.

Nassau County executives
NamePartyTerm
J. Russell SpragueRepublican1938–1953
A. Holly PattersonRepublican1953–1962
Eugene NickersonDemocratic1962–1970
Ralph G. CasoRepublican1970–1978
Francis T. PurcellRepublican1978–1987
Thomas GulottaRepublican1987–2001
Tom SuozziDemocratic2002–2009
Ed ManganoRepublican2010–2017
Laura CurranDemocratic2018–2021
Bruce BlakemanRepublican2022–present

Chief deputy county executive

The chief deputy county executive[72] is the highest appointed official in the Nassau County government, serving second-in-command under the auspice of the county executive. The Chief Deputy is responsible for managing the activities of all departments of the Nassau County government, which provides services to its 1.36 million residents. The chief deputy also officially serves as the acting county executive in the absence of, or disability of the County Executive. The current chief deputy county executive is Arthur T. Walsh, who was appointed by Executive Bruce Blakeman in 2022.

Chief Deputy County Executives!Name!Party!Term!Served Under
Robert McDonaldRepublican1993–1999Thomas Gulotta
Judy SchwartzRepublican1999–2001Thomas Gulotta
Anthony CancillieriDemocrat2002–2005Thomas Suozzi
Christopher HahnDemocrat2006–2009Thomas Suozzi
Robert WalkerRepublican2010–2017Edward Mangano
Helena WilliamsDemocrat2018–2021Laura Curran
Arthur WalshRepublican2022–presentBruce Blakeman

Comptroller

The comptroller of Nassau County is the chief fiscal officer and chief auditing officer of the County who presides over the Nassau County Comptroller's Office. The comptroller is elected countywide to a four-year term and has no term limit.

Nassau County Comptrollers (Nassau County Comptroller's Office)
OrderNameTermParty
1John LyonJanuary 1, 1911 – December 31, 1913Republican
2Chas L. PhippsJanuary 1, 1914 – January 3, 1916Republican
3Earl J. BennettJanuary 14, 1916 – December 31, 1922Republican
4Philip WiedersonJanuary 1, 1923 – December 31, 1934Republican
5Theodore BedellJanuary 1, 1935 – December 31, 1964Republican
6Peter P. Rocchio Sr.January 1, 1965 – December 31, 1967Democratic
7Angelo D. RoncalloJanuary 1, 1968 – January 3, 1973Republican
8M. Hallstead ChristJanuary 4, 1973 – August 16, 1981Republican
9Peter T. KingAugust 17, 1981 – December 31, 1992Republican
10Alan GureinJanuary 1, 1993 – December 31, 1993Republican
11Frederick E. ParolaJanuary 1, 1994 – December 31, 2001Republican
12Howard S. WeitzmanJanuary 1, 2002 – December 31, 2009Democratic
13George MaragosJanuary 1, 2010 – September 29, 2016Republican
13George MaragosSeptember 30, 2016 – December 31, 2017Democratic
14Jack E. SchnirmanJanuary 1, 2018 – December 31, 2021Democratic
15Elaine PhillipsJanuary 1, 2022 – present Republican

County legislature

See main article: Nassau County Legislature. The county legislature has 19 members. There are twelve Republicans and seven Democrats.

Nassau County Legislature
DistrictLegislatorPartyResidence
1Kevan Abrahams, Minority LeaderDemocraticRoosevelt
2Siela BynoeDemocraticWestbury
3Carrié SolagesDemocraticElmont
4Denise Ford, Alt. Deputy Presiding OfficerRepublicanLong Beach
5Debra MuleDemocraticFreeport
6C. William GaylorRepublicanLynbrook
7Howard Kopel, Deputy Presiding OfficerRepublicanLawrence
8John GiuffreRepublicanStewart Manor
9Richard Nicolello, Presiding OfficerRepublicanNew Hyde Park
10Mazi M. PilipRepublicanGreat Neck
11Delia DeRiggi-WhittonDemocraticGlen Cove
12James KennedyRepublicanMassapequa
13Thomas McKevittRepublicanEast Meadow
14Laura M. SchaeferRepublicanWestbury
15John R. FerrettiRepublicanLevittown
16Arnold W. DruckerDemocraticPlainview
17Rose Marie WalkerRepublicanHicksville
18Josh LafazanDemocraticSyosset
19Michael J. GiangregorioRepublicanMerrick

Politics

See main article: Politics of Long Island. |}

For most of the twentieth century, residents of Nassau County and neighboring Suffolk County primarily supported the Republican Party in national elections. In presidential elections during the first half of the century, the Republican candidate often received more than twice as many votes as the Democratic candidate. Between the county's incorporation in 1899 and the 1980s, Democrats only won Nassau County in the elections of 1912 (where Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party split the Republican vote) and 1964 (where Lyndon B. Johnson won in a landslide).

The county began trending Democratic in the 1990s, like many of New York City's suburbs. It has voted for a Democrat in every presidential election since 1992. Bill Clinton carried the county in 1992 and 1996, as did Al Gore in 2000, the latter two times by margins of nearly 20 points. John Kerry's margin in Nassau County was considerably slimmer (5.6%) in 2004, as he won the towns of Hempstead and North Hempstead but lost the town of Oyster Bay. The county went solidly for Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012, both times by around 8%. Hillary Clinton did marginally worse in 2016, winning by 6.2%. Joe Biden in 2020 fared better than Obama at 9.5%, but still not as well as Bill Clinton and Gore.

Democratic strength is chiefly concentrated in both the wealthier and lower income sections of the county. Liberal voters dominate many of the wealthy communities of the North Shore, particularly in the Town of North Hempstead where affluent villages such as Sands Point, Old Westbury, Roslyn, Kensington, Thomaston, Great Neck Plaza, and Great Neck Estates as well as the neighboring City of Glen Cove vote consistently Democratic. Democratic strongholds also include several low income municipalities in the central portion of the county, such as the Village of Hempstead, Roosevelt, Uniondale and New Cassel, as well as in a few waterfront communities on the South Shore, such as the City of Long Beach and the Village of Freeport.

Republican voters are primarily concentrated in the middle to upper middle class southeastern portion of the county, which developed during the "post-war boom era". Heavily Republican communities such as Massapequa, Massapequa Park, Seaford, Wantagh, Levittown, Bethpage, and Farmingdale are the political base of many county GOP officials such as former Congressman Peter T. King and former County Executive Edward P. Mangano. In the western portion of the county, wealthy Garden City is solidly Republican, as is the middle-class community of Floral Park. Additionally, some of the more rustic areas of the North Shore, particularly in the Town of Oyster Bay usually vote for the GOP.

Areas of the county containing large numbers of swing voters include East Meadow, Oceanside, and Rockville Centre on the South Shore and Mineola on the North Shore. Several areas have changed in partisan affiliation. Formerly Democratic strongholds such as the Five Towns and parts of Great Neck have trended to the GOP while previously Republican areas such as Elmont, Valley Stream and Baldwin have become Democratic bastions.

Although the county leans Democratic at the national level, Republicans swept all three of its U.S. House seats in the 2022 elections. The House seat of the North Shore, New York's 3rd Congressional District, is represented by Democrat Tom Suozzi. Anthony D'Esposito represents the South Shore along with Hempstead in the 4th district, and Andrew Garbarino represents Massapequa in the 2nd district.

Nassau County is split across five state senate districts, four of which are represented by Republicans and one of which is represented by a Democrat:

Education

Nassau County has 58 public school districts,[73] which like post office districts use the same names as a city, hamlet, or village within them, but each sets the boundaries independently.[74] School district and community are not the same, and residences often have postal addresses that differ from the hamlet and/or school district in which they are located. Several of Nassau County's school districts are among the highest ranked public school systems in the country,[75] including the Jericho Union Free School District, Great Neck Public Schools, and the Syosset Central School District.

School districts include:[73]

K-12:

Secondary:

Elementary:

Colleges and universities

Sports

Nassau County is home to the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League, who played at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale from their inception in 1972. However, the Islanders announced in 2012 that starting in the fall of 2015, the team would be moving to Brooklyn and would play at the Barclays Center. Due to issues with Barclays Center being unable to adequately support ice hockey and declining attendance, the Islanders announced that for the 2018–19 season they would split their home games between Barclays Center and the newly renovated Nassau Coliseum. In December 2017, the Islanders won a bid to build a new 18,000-seat arena near Belmont Park in Elmont, returning them to Nassau County; UBS Arena opened in 2021.

The Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association, then known as the New York Nets, formerly played their home games in Nassau County at the now-demolished Island Garden arena in West Hempstead from 1969 to 1972 and then at the Coliseum from 1972 to 1977, before the franchise moved to New Jersey—its original home for several years before coming to Long Island in the late 1960s – and eventually, to Brooklyn.

The New York Cosmos (1970–1985) of the former North American Soccer League (1968–1984) played for two seasons, 1972 and 1973, at Hofstra Stadium at Hofstra University in Hempstead. The team's name was revived in 2010 with the New York Cosmos (2010) of the new North American Soccer League to also play at Hofstra Stadium, which had been renamed James M. Shuart Stadium in 2002. Nassau County is also the home of the New York Lizards of Major League Lacrosse, who play at Shuart Stadium. The county also operates several sports events for student-athletes, such as the Nassau County Executive Cup College Showcase.

Belmont Park in Elmont is a major horse racing venue which annually hosts the Belmont Stakes, the third and final leg of the prestigious Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing. The now-demolished Roosevelt Raceway in Westbury hosted auto racing and, from 1940 through 1988, was a popular harness racing track.Nassau is home to some famous and historic golf courses. Rockaway Hunting Club, founded in 1878, is the oldest country club in the country.[76] The U.S. Open has been held in Nassau five times, once each at Garden City Golf Club, Inwood Country Club, and Fresh Meadow Country Club, and twice at Bethpage Black Course, the first ever municipally owned course. Courses consistently ranked in the top 100 in the U.S. such as Bethpage Black, Garden City Golf Club, Piping Rock Club, and The Creek are located in the county. Nassau County hosted the 1984 Summer Paralympics, marking the first Paralympic Games to be held in the United States.

Nassau County was chosen by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to host eight cricket matches of the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup at Eisenhower Park in East Meadow during June 2024. The county will receive $2.7 million in direct revenue from the tournament, which will leave Eisenhower Park with a legacy of permanent improvements to host large cricket tournaments henceforth.[77] [78]

Health

The first case of COVID-19 was reported in March 2020.[79] As of January 12, 2021, there have been 104,078 cases, 3,044 deaths, 2,102,900 tests conducted, and a 4.9% positivity rate.[80] According to The New York Times COVID-19 tracker, Nassau County's average daily case count is 1,567 (116 per capita), with 1 in 13 testing positive (the third-worst of any county in the state) and 1 in 545 dying.[81]

Communities

Figures in parentheses are 2019 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau.[82]

Cities

Towns

Villages

Census-designated places

Former CDPs

County symbols

Notable people

See also

External links

40.7333°N -111°W

Notes and References

  1. Web site: QuickFacts Nassau County, New York. United States Census Bureau. March 16, 2023. January 31, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230131063042/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/nassaucountynewyork. live.
  2. Web site: State & County QuickFacts Nassau County, New York. United States Census Bureau. April 21, 2019. February 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200203055117/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/nassaucountynewyork,US/PST045216. live.
  3. Nassau County Atlas, 6th Large Scale Edition, Hagstrom Map Company, Inc., 1999
  4. Web site: Find a County. June 7, 2011. National Association of Counties. May 31, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.. live.
  5. News: For Sale: Nassau's County Seat . The county's properties all have mailing addresses in Mineola, the official county seat, but are actually within Garden City's boundaries. . The New York Times . Vivian S. . Toy . March 30, 2003 . February 11, 2017 . April 25, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160425021611/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/30/nyregion/for-sale-nassau-s-county-seat.html?pagewanted=all%3Fpagewanted%3Dall . live .
  6. Web site: NCPD: Nassau County Police Department . Nassau County . August 16, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140819132319/http://www.police.co.nassau.ny.us/ . August 19, 2014 . dead .
  7. Web site: Nassau County Fire Commission . Nassau County . February 24, 2013 . February 21, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150221024222/https://www.nassaucountyny.gov/401/Fire-Commission . live .
  8. Web site: Governmental Structure: Nassau County . Nassau County . January 8, 2010 . February 18, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150218140114/http://nassaucountyny.gov/382/Government . live .
  9. America's Most Affluent Neighborhoods. . . February 13, 2012 . October 25, 2012 . October 23, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121023114315/http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanriper/2012/02/13/americas-most-affluent-neighborhoods/ . live .
  10. Web site: Student Science a Resource of Society for Science & the Public. Society for Science & the Public. May 26, 2022. May 25, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220525233820/https://www.societyforscience.org/. live.
  11. Web site: Encyclopaedia Britannica. June 2, 2023. April 9, 2021. April 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210425065835/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nassau-county-New-York. live.
  12. Web site: About Nassau County . November 11, 2012 . February 16, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150216153022/https://nassaulandtrust.org/about-nassau-county . live .
  13. Web site: Last will and testament of Thomas Powell Sen late of Bethpage now of Westbury in the limits of Hempstead in Queens County on Nassau Island in the Colony of New York . 1719 . November 11, 2012 . May 15, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130515043943/http://www.nextech.de/genealogy/purchase/e31.htm . live .
  14. News: Long Island . https://web.archive.org/web/20220127182425/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1875/04/12/82028802.pdf . January 27, 2022 . live . April 12, 1875 . New York Times . November 11, 2012.
  15. News: Long Island . https://web.archive.org/web/20220130215755/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1876/04/09/80328453.pdf . January 30, 2022 . live . April 9, 1876 . New York Times . November 11, 2012.
  16. News: Proposed Division of Queens County . https://web.archive.org/web/20200501103851/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1876/12/21/81701547.pdf . May 1, 2020 . live . December 21, 1876 . New York Times . November 11, 2012.
  17. Web site: Early Five Borough's History . When Queens County was created the courts were transferred from Hempstead to Jamaica Village and a County Court was erected. When the building became too small for its purposes and the stone meeting house had been erected, the courts were held for some years in that edifice. Later a new courthouse was erected and used until the seat of justice was removed to North Hempstead. . December 30, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101021055612/http://hopefarm.com/5boros.htm . October 21, 2010 . dead . Hope Farm Press.
  18. Web site: Old Bethpage Village Restoration . April 22, 2012 . May 27, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120527045851/http://www.nassaucountyny.gov/agencies/parks/wheretogo/museums/central_nass_museum/old_bethpage_rest.html . live . Nassau County, NY.
  19. Web site: Civil History of Queens County- Crimes and Penalties- the Court-house- Officials. . bklyn-genealogy-info.com . November 13, 2012. February 10, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120210092009/http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Queens/history/civil1.html. usurped.
    • Web site: Historical Essay: A Thumbnail View . From the final withdrawal of the British in November, 1783, until the 1830s, Queens continued as an essentially Long Island area of farms and villages. The location of the county government in Mineola (in present-day Nassau County) underscores the island orientation of that era. Population grew hardly at all, increasing only from 5,791 in 1800 to 7,806 in 1830, suggesting that many younger sons moved away, seeking fortunes where land was not yet so fully taken up for farming. . Official History Page of the Queens Borough President's Office . December 29, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071218014547/http://www.queensbp.org/content_web/tourism/tourism_history.shtml . December 18, 2007 .
      • Book: A Research Guide to the History of the Borough of Queens and Its Neighborhood . Jon A. Peterson and Vincent Seyfried . 1983.
      • Book: Peterson, Jon A. . A Research Guide to the History of the Borough of Queens, New York City . New York . Queens College, City University of New York . 1987.
    • Web site: New York – Queens County . Time Voyagers . December 29, 2007 . July 20, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080720070246/http://www.timevoyagers.com/bookstore/NewYork/counties/queens.htm . live .
    • Web site: New York State History . 1999 . Genealogy Inc . Under the Reorganization Act of March 7, 1788, New York was divided into 120 towns (not townships), many of which were already in existence. . December 28, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080108141441/http://www.mynewyorkgenealogy.com/ny_history.htm . January 8, 2008 .
    • Web site: State of New York; Local Government Handbook; 5th Edition . January 2000 . Ch 4, p 13; Ch 5 p 2 . The 1777 New York State Constitution, Article XXXVI, confirmed land grants and municipal charters granted by the English Crown prior to October 14, 1775. Chapter 64 of the Laws of 1788 organized the state into towns and cities...The basic composition of the counties was set in 1788 when the State Legislature divided all of the counties then existing into towns. Towns, of course, were of earlier origin, but in that year they acquired a new legal status as components of the counties. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100215150221/http://www.dos.state.ny.us/lgss/pdfs/handbook.pdf . February 15, 2010 .
    • Web site: History Mysteries: Shelter Island Ferry/Mineola Building . The building shown below "is one of the most important buildings in the history of Mineola," wrote Jack Hehman, president of the Mineola Historical Society. Built in 1787 and known as the "old brig," it was the first Queens County courthouse and later a home for the mentally ill. The building was at Jericho Turnpike and Herricks Road until 1910, when it burned to the ground. . April 1, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080706164332/http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history_mysteries_hs221a%2C0%2C670882.story . July 6, 2008 .
      • News: The Mineola Asylum; Witnesses who testified that it is and has been a model institution. . The investigation of the charges made against the Superintendent and keepers of the Mineola Asylum for the Insane, which was begun last Tuesday, was continued yesterday by the standing Committee on Insane Asylums of the Queens County Board of Supervisors-- Messrs. Whitney, Brinckerhoff, and Powell. The committee were shown through the asylum, which is the old building of the Queens County Court-house over 100 years old . August 29, 1882 . . April 1, 2008 . July 25, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215229/https://www.nytimes.com/1882/08/29/archives/the-mineola-asylum-witnesses-who-testified-that-it-is-and-has-been.html . live .
    • Web site: Nassau County Post Offices 1794–1879 . David Roberts . April 1, 2008 . July 25, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080725014638/http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Civil/Nassau.P.O.html . dead . bklyn-genealogy-info.com .
    • Book: New York Postal History: The Post Offices & First Postmasters from 1775 to 1980 . There was only one post office established in present Nassau County when the Long Island post road to Sag Harbor was established September 25, 1794. It appears that the mail from New York went to Jamaica. This was the only post office in the present day Boroughs of Queens or Brooklyn before 1803. From Jamaica the mail went east along the Jericho Turnpike/Middle Country Road route and ended at Sag Harbor. The only post office on this route between Jamaica and Suffolk County was QUEENS established the same date as the others on this route 9/25/1794. This post office was officially Queens, but I have seen the area called "Queens Court House" and was located approximately in the Mineola-Westbury area. The courthouse was used until the 1870s when the county court was moved to Long Island City. Later it served as the Queens County Insane Asylum and still later as an early courthouse for the new Nassau County, during construction of the present "old" Nassau County Courthouse in Mineola. It was demolished shortly after 1900 ... after about 120 years of service of one type or the other. . John L. Kay . Chester M. Smith, Jr. . amp . American Philatelic Society . 1982.
    • News: The Queens County Court-House Question A New Building to be Erected at Mineola. . February 25, 1872 . For forty years the Supervisors of Queens County have been quarreling over a site for a Court-house. The incommodious building used . April 1, 2008 . The New York Times . July 23, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180723004448/https://www.nytimes.com/1872/02/25/archives/the-queens-county-courthouse-question-a-new-building-to-be-erected.html . live .
    • Web site: 1873 map of North Hempstead . bottom right by spur road off Jericho Tpk – location is now known as Garden City Park. Clowesville was the name of the nearest station on the LIRR, approximately at the location of the present Merillon Avenue station. The courthouse (photo at Newsday.com) was north of the station. . December 31, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070610033357/http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Map/No.Hemp.html . June 10, 2007 .
  22. News: Mineola: First Farmers, Then Lawyers . Rhoda Amon . Newsday . That was the year when the "Old Brig" courthouse was vacated after 90 years of housing lawbreakers. The county court moved from Mineola to Long Island City. . https://web.archive.org/web/20081015160228/http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-historytown-hist002d%2C0%2C6131005.story?coll=ny_community_guide_lihistory_promo . October 15, 2008 . November 11, 2012 . dead .
    • News: Queen's County Court House . https://web.archive.org/web/20220130215809/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1870/02/14/80255277.pdf . January 30, 2022 . live . New York Times . February 14, 1870 . November 11, 2012.
    • News: Long Island . https://web.archive.org/web/20200501103851/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1870/12/05/93250633.pdf . May 1, 2020 . live . New York Times . December 5, 1870 . November 11, 2012.
    • News: The Queens County Court-House Question . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308155222/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1872/02/25/78777602.pdf . March 8, 2021 . live . New York Times . February 25, 1872 . November 11, 2012.
    • News: A Queens Timeline . The Queens Tribune . 1874 – Queens County Courthouse and seat of county government moved from Mineola (in present-day Nassau County) to Long Island City. . December 23, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071109203348/http://queenstribune.com/guides/2005_PatchworkOfCultures/pages/QueensTimeline.htm . November 9, 2007 .
    • News: The New Queens County Court-House . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126075635/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1874/02/09/79216521.pdf . January 26, 2021 . live . New York Times . February 9, 1874 . November 11, 2012.
  25. News: Nassau's Difficult Birth; Eastern factions of Queens win the fight to separate after six decades of wrangling . Geoffrey Mohan . Newsday . https://web.archive.org/web/20081016012933/http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs615a%2C0%2C7026626.story?page=4 . 2007 . North Hempstead, Oyster Bay and the rest of Hempstead were excluded from the vote. . November 11, 2012 . October 16, 2008 . dead .
  26. News: Mineola Chosen Nassau County's Seat . New York Times . November 10, 1898 . June 6, 2010 . July 26, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180726170215/https://www.nytimes.com/1898/11/10/archives/mineola-chosen-nassau-countys-seat.html . live .
  27. News: County of Nassau Elections . New York Times . September 1, 1898 . June 6, 2010 . July 26, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180726172206/https://www.nytimes.com/1898/09/01/archives/county-of-nassau-elections.html?sq=mineola+%22county+seat%22&scp=3&st=p . live .
  28. Web site: Incorporated Village of Garden City: History . Incorporated Village of Garden City . June 6, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110719200958/http://www.gardencityny.net/history1.htm . July 19, 2011 .
    • News: Sites for Nassau County Buildings . New York Times . September 29, 1898 . June 6, 2010 . July 26, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180726174048/https://www.nytimes.com/1898/09/29/archives/sites-for-nassau-county-buildings.html?sq=nassau+%22county+seat%22+garden+city&scp=1&st=p . live .
    • Web site: The History of Nassau's County Seat . rootsweb . June 6, 2010 . December 24, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111224235342/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nynassa2/populationsurvey2.htm . live .
  30. News: An Immigrant's Vision Created Garden City . Marcelle S . Fischler . November 15, 1998 . June 6, 2010 . The New York Times . May 24, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130524234826/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/15/nyregion/an-immigrant-s-vision-created-garden-city.html?pagewanted=all . live .
  31. Web site: HISTORY OF GLEN COVE . Antonia Petrash . Carol Stern . Carol McCrossen . amp . May 11, 2009 . October 25, 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20051025183106/http://www.nassaulibrary.org/glencove/History%20of%20Glen%20Cove.html . live .
  32. News: Long Islanders Shocked by Grumman's Merger . The New York Times . March 8, 1994 . November 17, 2012 . September 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230930134403/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/08/business/long-islanders-shocked-by-grumman-s-merger.html . live .
  33. Web site: The Aviation History of Long Island . Joshua . Stoff . . November 17, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121127012810/http://www.cradleofaviation.org/history/index.html . November 27, 2012 .
  34. McQuiston, John T. "Judge Says He Will Create a Nassau Legislature on His Own if Supervisors Fail to Act", The New York Times, June 9, 1994. Retrieved December 11, 2007.
  35. McQuiston, John T. "Amid Pomp, Nassau County Inaugurates Its Legislature", The New York Times, January 13, 1996.
  36. Web site: New York State Takes Control of Nassau's Finances . The New York Times . January 27, 2011 . January 27, 2011 . October 14, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111014205707/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/27/nyregion/27nassau.html?hp . live .
  37. Web site: 2010 Census Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau. January 6, 2015. August 22, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140519062322/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt. May 19, 2014.
  38. Web site: New York: 2000 Population and Housing Unit Counts . https://web.archive.org/web/20040719104249/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-3-34.pdf . July 19, 2004 . live . September 2003 . March 12, 2012 . III-9.
  39. Web site: united states annual sunshine map. HowStuffWorks, Inc. December 18, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110429042722/http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-annual-sunshine-map.htm. April 29, 2011.
  40. http://global.mapit.mysociety.org/area/969080/touches.html Areas touching Nassau County
  41. Web site: New York Senate Republicans OK $1.9B In Funding For 3rd LIRR Track. Sophia Hall. CBS New York. July 12, 2017. July 15, 2017. July 12, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170712174243/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/07/12/lirr-third-track-approved/. live.
  42. Web site: About the Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. April 4, 2020. August 4, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200804124716/https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Lido_Beach/about.html. live.
  43. Web site: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019. March 18, 2021. data.census.gov. December 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211205234412/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Nassau%20County,%20New%20York%20population&g=0500000US36059&tid=PEPPOP2019.PEPANNRES&hidePreview=false. live.
  44. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/kingscountybrooklynboroughnewyork,queenscountyqueensboroughnewyork,nassaucountynewyork,suffolkcountynewyork,NY/PST045217 Kings County (Brooklyn Borough), New York; Queens County (Queens Borough), New York; Nassau County, New York; Suffolk County, New York; New York QuickFacts
  45. Web site: Kings County, New York QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. March 24, 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160217175357/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36047.html. February 17, 2016.
  46. Web site: Queens County, New York QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. March 24, 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140808084246/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36081.html. August 8, 2014.
  47. Web site: Nassau County, New York QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. March 24, 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014652/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36059.html. June 7, 2011.
  48. Web site: Suffolk County, New York QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. March 24, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20110729124046/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36103.html. July 29, 2011. dead.
  49. Web site: U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Nassau County, New York. March 18, 2021. www.census.gov. en. September 30, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230930134413/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/nassaucountynewyork/PST040219. live.
  50. Web site: Community Facts. 2018. Nassau County, New York. https://archive.today/20200211181120/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=05000US34035&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US34%7C05000US34035&_street=&_county=nassau&_cityTown=nassau&_state=04000US36&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=050&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry=. FactFinder.census.gov. February 11, 2020.
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