| Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company | |
| Type: | General partnership |
| Predecessor: | The Bridgewater Foundry |
| Successor: | James Nasmyth and Co. Patricroft Ironworks Nasmyth, Wilson and Co. |
| Foundation: | 1836 |
| Founder: | James Nasmyth Holbrook Gaskell |
| Defunct: | 1940 |
| Location Country: | United Kingdom |
| Location: | Patricroft, Salford |
| Industry: | Engineering Heavy industry |
| Products: | Heavy machine tools Locomotives |
Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company, originally called The Bridgewater Foundry, specialised in the production of heavy machine tools and locomotives. It was located in Patricroft, in Salford England, close to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the Bridgewater Canal and the Manchester Ship Canal. The company was founded in 1836 and dissolved in 1940.
The company was founded in 1836 by James Nasmyth and Holbrook Gaskell.[1] Nasmyth had previously been employed in Henry Maudslay's workshop in Lambeth and his interest was mainly, but not limited to, specialist machine tools.
The Bridgewater Foundry is an example of modern materials handling that was part of the evolution of the assembly line.
The buildings were arranged in a line with a railway for carrying the work going through the buildings. Cranes were used for lifting the heavy work, which sometimes weighed in the tens of tons. The work passed sequentially through to the erection of the framework and final assembly.
The company produced nine locomotives in 1839, thirteen in 1840, eight in 1841 and sixteen in 1842.[2] These were sub-contracted from other makers such as Edward Bury, and produced to their designs.[3] Those for the Midland Counties and London and Southampton Railways were 2-2-0 with 5feet driving wheels and 12x cylinders, similar to those railway's Bury machines. (One Midland Counties locomotive was 2-2-2, and had smaller drivers, with 5feet and 14x cylinders.) In 1841 the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway had found some American Norris 4-2-0 locomotives very successful, especially on the notorious Lickey Incline, and the company built six similar ones for the line.
In 1850 the name of the firm was changed to James Nasmyth and Company, then in 1857 to Patricroft Ironworks. In 1867 Robert Wilson and Henry Garnett became the principal partners and the company's name changed again to Nasmyth, Wilson and Company.
From about 1873 the demand for locomotives from overseas increased. By 1938 over locomotives had been produced, over one thousand of which were exported.[4]
In 1883, Nasmyth Wilson and Co. produced the very first design of Prairie or 2-6-2 locomotives in the world, for the New Zealand Railways Department. These locomotives entered traffic between 1885 and 1890 after a somewhat rough start. several were dumped in rivers as flood protection in the 1920s, and have since been exhumed for preservation.
During World War I the factory was mainly engaged in munitions work, but it built twenty 2-8-0 locomotives for the French Chemin de fer de l'État (140-251 to 140-270) and 32 for India, along with a hundred small petrol driven locomotives.[5]
Sales continued after the end of the war but by the early 1930s orders had begun to dwindle.[6] In 1934 the works supplied four standard gauge N class 0-6-0T shunters to Palestine Railways. These were evidently satisfactory as Palestine Railways bought four more in 1935, two in 1936 and a final pair in 1938.[7]
The last locomotive order was for two 2-6-4T metre gauge tank locomotives, Works No. 1649 and 1650, dispatched in 1938 to the South Indian Railways. Only two other locomotives were produced in 1938; these were the last pair of N class 0-6-0Ts for Palestine Railways, Works No. 1651 and 1652.[8]
As part of a planned reorganisation of the industry, the company ceased manufacture of locomotives and handed over all its drawings and patterns to the British Locomotive Manufacturers Association.[9] The company continued to make steam hammers and machine tools.
On 1 June 1940 the Ministry of Supply took over the factory and it became an engineering Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Patricroft. The company, however, was formally wound up on 7 November 1940, having reported a loss of £2,663 for 1939.[10]
In 1987, the Royal Ordnance Factories were bought by British Aerospace and in 1989 the Patricroft engineering works was closed down. The site, including some of the original buildings, is now used as a business and technology centre.
By 2009, a large section (the central building) had been demolished.
| Serial numbers | Year | Quantity | Customer | Class | Wheel arrangement | Road numbers | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25–32 | 1841 | 8 | various names | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 35–42 | 1842 | 8 | various names | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 43–46 | 1842 | 4 | various names | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 120–124 | 1872 | 5 | 507–511 | align=left | Renumbered 0507–0511 in 1899. | ||||
| 216–223 | 1882 | 8 | H | 1–8 | align=left | gauge. Two to Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway, six to Eastern Bengal Railway | |||
| 252–261 | 1884 | 10 | various | align=left | |||||
| 262–263 | 1884 | 2 | various | align=left | Road numbers 1-2 | ||||
| 264–266 | 1884 | 3 | various | align=left | Road numbers 3-5 | ||||
| 272–281 | 1885 | 10 | various | align=left | |||||
| 282–284 | 1885 | 3 | 6–8 | align=left | later New Zealand Government Railways 450–452 | ||||
| 287–290 | 1885 | 4 | various | align=left | Road numbers 6-9 - Different wheel arrangement than 1a Class | ||||
| 291–293 | 1886 | 3 | various | align=left | Road numbers 10-12 | ||||
| 294–295 | 1886 | 2 | various | align=left | Road numbers 13-14 - Larger diameter wheels than 2a Class | ||||
| 298 | 1886 | 1 | 22 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1100 1106 | ||||
| 300-303 | 1887 | 4 | 69-75 (odds) | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 400 400-403 | ||||
| 305-306 | 1887 | 2 | 55, 57 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1100 1100-1101 | ||||
| 307-308 | 1887 | 2 | 23-24 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1100 1107-1108 | ||||
| 309 | 1887 | 1 | 60 | align=left | later Taiwan Government-General Railway E12 | ||||
| 310 | 1887 | 1 | 63 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1100 1102 | ||||
| 326-331 | 1887 | 6 | 31-36 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 600 602-607 | ||||
| 334-335 | 1888 | 2 | 121, 123 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 600 665-666 | ||||
| 336-337 | 1888 | 2 | 74, 76 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 3080 3080-3081 | ||||
| 338-339 | 1888 | 2 | 17-18 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1100 1112-1113 | ||||
| 340 | 1887 | 1 | 124 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1100 1104 | ||||
| 342-343 | 1888 | 2 | 40-41 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 600 608-609 | ||||
| 346-347 | 1889 | 2 | 86, 88 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 600 663-664 | ||||
| 354–365 | 1889 | 15 | 206–219 | align=left | |||||
| 369-374 | 1889 | 6 | 54-59 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 7600 7600-7605 | ||||
| 383-388 | 1889 | 6 | 42-47 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 600 610-615 | ||||
| 390-395 | 1890 | 6 | 169-179 (odds) | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 600 667-672 | ||||
| 396-401 | 1890 | 6 | 48-53 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 600 621. 616-620 | ||||
| 425–430 | 1892 | 6 | 31–36 | align=left | to Midland Railway 2140–2146 in 1912 | ||||
| 435–440 | 1892 | 6 | various | align=left | To Ferrocarriles Vascongados in 1906.[11] | ||||
| 455–456 | 1894 | 2 | various | align=left | To Ferrocarriles Vascongados in 1906. | ||||
| 460–462 | 1895 | 3 | 3, 5, 7 | align=left | to Great Western Railway 10, 11, 15 in 1922 | ||||
| 488-490 | 1896 | 3 | 1-3 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1050 1050-1052 | ||||
| 494-496 | 3 | 1-3 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1200 1206-1208 | |||||
| 498 | 1896 | align-right | 1 | 5 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 100 100 | |||
| 501-503 | 1897 | 3 | 1-3 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1280 1280 | ||||
| 505-506 | 1897 | 2 | 21-22 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 870 870-871 | ||||
| 513-515 | 1897 | 3 | 2-4 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 1220 1221-1223 | ||||
| 519-520 | 1897 | 2 | 1-2 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 542-547 | 1898 | 6 | 46-51 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 870 872-877 | ||||
| 550–551 | 1894 | 2 | various | align=left | To Ferrocarriles Vascongados in 1906. | ||||
| 552–557 | 1899 | 6 | 7 | 7–12 | align=left | to LMS 12468–12473 in 1923 | |||
| 558–560 | 1899 | 3 | 8, 9, 23 | align=left | to Great Western Railway 19–21 in 1922 | ||||
| 561–562 | 1899 | 2 | 7–8 | align=left | to Great Western Railway 2174–2175 in 1922 | ||||
| 584–586 | 1900 | 3 | 27–29 | align=left | later Great Western Railway 2171–2173 | ||||
| 588–593 | 1900 | 6 | 159 | 159–164 | align=left | to LMS 2351–2356 in 1923 | |||
| 619-620 | 1901 | 2 | ? | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 870 878-879 | ||||
| 635-638 | 1902 | 4 | 74-77 | align=left | later Japanese Government Railways Class 870 880-883 | ||||
| 689–693 | 1904 | 5 | 98 | 98–102 | align=left | to LMS 11625–11629 in 1923 | |||
| 697–700 | 1904 | 4 | 12–15 | align=left | gauge. To County Donegal Railways Joint Committee in 1906; renumbered 9–12 in 1937 | ||||
| 701–706 | 1904 | 6 | 1/980 to 6/980 | align=left | gauge. Construction locomotives. | ||||
| 748–750 | 1905 | 3 | 7/85 to 9/885 | align=left | gauge. Construction locomotives. | ||||
| 794–798 | 1907 | 5 | M | Railmotor | 1350–1354 | align=left | gauge. Rebuilt as works shunters between 1927 and 1929 | ||
| 800–809 | 1907 | 10 | 289–298 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 3401–3410 in 1912; to Ferrocarril General Roca in 1948 | ||||
| 828–833 | 1907 | 5 | 16–20 | gauge. Renumbered 4–8 in 1937; three preserved | |||||
| 834–836 | 1908 | 4 | H2 | 131–134 | align=left | gauge. | |||
| 839–842 | 1908 | 4 | H2 | 79–82 | align=left | gauge. | |||
| 864–869 | 1908 | 6 | K/2 (BESA G) | 130–135 | align=left | gauge. | |||
| 870–875 | 1908 | 6 | C/1 (BESA T) | 70–75 | align=left | gauge. | |||
| 911 | 1910 | 1 | 38 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 929–933 | 1911 | 5 | 9, 109, 112, 38–39 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 945–947 | 1911 | 3 | 265–267 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 406–408. | ||||
| 950 | 1911 | 1 | 165 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 951–955 | 1911–12 | 5 | G | 990–994 | align=left | gauge. | |||
| 956–958 | 1912 | 3 | 2A, 3A, 21 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 2, 3, 1 in 1937; one preserved | ||||
| 995–1000 | 1913 | 6 | A | 1–6 | align=left | gauge | |||
| 1009–1013 | 1913 | 5 | EE | 391–395 | align=left | gauge. To East African Railways and Harbours Corporation 1001–1005; EAR&H class 10 | |||
| 1024–1023 | 1913 | 10 | 0066–0075 not in order | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1026–1031 | 1914 | 6 | 159–164 | align=left | gauge. Five renumbered 26821–26825 in all-India scheme. | ||||
| 1032–1033 | 1914 | 2 | A | 7–8 | align=left | gauge | |||
| 1041–1043 | 1913 | 3 | EE | 396–398 | align=left | gauge. To East African Railways and Harbours Corporation 1006–1008; EAR&H class 10 | |||
| 1054–1059 | 1914 | 6 | ST | 677–682 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 34364–36369 in all-India scheme. | |||
| 1060–1065 | 1915 | 6 | 341–346 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1087–1094 | 1915 | 8 | 0076–0083 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1106–1111 | 1915 | 6 | A | 9–14 | align=left | gauge | |||
| 1115–1119 | 1921 | 5 | 1–5 | align=left | gauge. Subcontracted to Beyer, Peacock & Co. | ||||
| 1120–1139 | 1916–17 | 20 | 140-251 to 140-270 | align=left | |||||
| 1244–1267 | 1917–1918 | 24 | 1701–1724 | align=left | |||||
| 1269–1280 | 1919 | 12 | various | align=left | to Great Western Railway in 1922 | ||||
| 1281–1288 | 1919 | 8 | 1725–1732 | align=left | |||||
| 1322–1332 | 1921 | 11 | H/7 (BESA M) | 143–153 | gauge. | ||||
| 1352 | 1921 | 1 | H/7 (BESA M) | 154 | gauge. | ||||
| 1357–1358 | 1922 | 2 | H | 25–26 | align=left | gauge hump shunters | |||
| 1359–1368 | 1921 | 10 | A | 15–24 | align=left | gauge. | |||
| 1371–1375 | 1922 | 5 | 0096–00100 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 632–636 in 1957 all-India scheme | ||||
| 1412-1413 | 1924 | 2 | 311-312 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1423–1427 | 1924 | 5 | 21, 30, 115, 116, 139 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1428–1432 | 1924–25 | 5 | 15–19 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1435–1439 | 1924 | 5 | 142–144, 147, 148 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1448–1452 | 1925 | 5 | 3P | 2120–2124 | align=left | ||||
| 1453–1462 | 1925 | 10 | 2P | 15260–15269 | align=left | ||||
| 1471–1476 | 1926 | 6 | 405–410 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1482–1486 | 1926 | 5 | 19–23 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 712–716 in 1957 all-India scheme | ||||
| 1487–1488 | 1926 | 2 | 13–14 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 770–771 in 1957 all-India scheme | ||||
| 1489–1491 | 1926 | 3 | 229–231 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1497–1504 | 1927 | 8 | K | K58–K65 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 37059–37066 in all-India scheme | |||
| 1525–1526 | 1927 | 2 | 29–30 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 717–718 in 1957 all-India scheme | ||||
| 1531–1532 | 1928 | 2 | 190–191 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 221–222; renumbered 93–94 in all-India scheme | ||||
| 1533–1536 | 1928 | 4 | 411–414 | align=left | gauge. | ||||
| 1539–1543 | 1928 | 5 | 31–35 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 728–732 in 1957 all-India scheme | ||||
| 1550–1554 | 1928 | 5 | 409–413 | align=left | gauge. To Assam Bengal Railway 251–255 in 1936 | ||||
| 1563–1566 | 1929 | 4 | 07–010 | align=left | gauge, for Raipur–Dhamtari line; renumbered 687–690 in 1957 all-India scheme | ||||
| 1574–1576 | 1929 | 3 | 36–38 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 719–721 in 1957 all-India scheme | ||||
| 1586–1587 | 1930 | 2 | 4–5 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 725–726 in 1957 all-India scheme | ||||
| 1934 | 4 | align=left | |||||||
| 1935 | 4 | align=left | |||||||
| 1649–1650 | 1938 | 2 | ST1–ST2 | align=left | gauge. Renumbered 37366–37367 in all-India scheme | ||||
| 1651–1652 | 1938 | 2 | align=left | ||||||
ja:白土貞夫
. 1970-07-01 . 私鉄車両めぐり83 近江鉄道上(Shitetsu syaryo meguri 83 Ohmi tetsudo jo) . . . 239 . 84–92 .