Napaeus Explained

Napaeus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.^[1]

Distribution

Napaeus is endemic to the Macaronesia ecoregion: Azores and Canary Islands.^{[2] [3]}

Species

There are three recognized subgenera, Macaronapaeus Kobelt, 1899, Napaeus Albers, 1850 and Napaeinus ^{Hesse, 1933}.

Species within the genus Napaeus include 18 species on the Tenerife,^[2] 17 species^[2] on the La Gomera and others. Additionally, 11 new species from the Canary Islands were described in 2011.

• Napaeus alabastrinus Frias Martins, 1989
• Napaeus alucensis Santana & Yanes, 2011- on La Gomera
• Napaeus anaga (Grasset, 1857)
• Napaeus aringaensis Yanes et al., 2011^[4]
• Napaeus atlanticus (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
• Napaeus avaloensis Groh, 2006
• Napaeus badiosus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus baeticatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833) - type species
• Napaeus barquini Alonso & Ibáñez, 2006^[5]
• Napaeus bechi M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1993
• Napaeus beguirae Henríquez, 1995
• Napaeus bertheloti (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)
• Napaeus boucheti M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1993
• Napaeus chrysaloides (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus consecoanus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus delibutus (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
• Napaeus delicatus Alonso, Yanes & Ibáñez, 2011^[6]
• Napaeus doliolum Henríquez, 1993
• Napaeus doloresae Santana, 2013
• Napaeus elegans M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1995
• Napaeus encaustus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
• Napaeus esbeltus Ibáñez & M. R. Alonso, 1995
• Napaeus estherae Artiles, 2013
• Napaeus exilis Henríquez, 1995
• Napaeus gomerensis G. A. Holyoak & D. T. Holyoak, 2011 - on La Gomera
• Napaeus grohi Yanes et al., 2011^[4]
• Napaeus gruereanus (Grasset, 1857)
• Napaeus hartungi (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
• Napaeus helvolus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus huttereri Henríquez, 1991
• Napaeus indifferens (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus inflatiusculus (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus interpunctatus (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus isletae Groh & Ibanez, 1992
• Napaeus josei Yanes et al., 2011^[4]
• Napaeus lajaensis Castillo et al., 2006^[7]
• Napaeus lichenicola M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2007
• Napaeus maculatus Goodacre, 2006
• Napaeus maffioteanus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus magnus Yanes, Deniz, M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2013
• Napaeus minimus Holyoak & Holyoak, 2011^[6]
• Napaeus moquinianus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus moroi Martín, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2011 - La Gomera^[8]
• Napaeus myosotis (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus nanodes Shuttleworth, 1852
• Napaeus obesatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus ocellatus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus orientalis Henríquez, 1995
• Napaeus ornamentatus Moro, 2009
• Napaeus osoriensis (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus palmaensis (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus procerus Emerson, 2006
• Napaeus propinquus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
• Napaeus pruninus (A. Gould, 1846)
• Napaeus pygmaeus Ibanez & Alonso, 1993
• Napaeus roccellicola (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus rufobrunneus (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus rupicola (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus savinosus (Wollaston, 1878)
• † Napaeus servus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus severus (J. Mabille, 1898)
• Napaeus subgracilior (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus subsimplex (Wollaston, 1878)
• Napaeus tabidus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
• Napaeus tafadaensis Yanes, 2009
• Napaeus tagamichensis Henríquez, 1993
• Napaeus taguluchensis Henríquez, 1993
• Napaeus tenoensis Henríquez, 1993
• Napaeus teobaldoi Martín, 2009
• Napaeus texturatus (Mousson, 1872)
• Napaeus torilensis Artiles & Deniz, 2011 - on La Gomera^[8]
• Napaeus tremulans (Mousson, 1858)
• Napaeus validoi Yanes et al., 2011^[4]
• Napaeus variatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
• Napaeus venegueraensis Yanes et al., 2011^[4]
• Napaeus voggenreiteri Hutterer, 2006
• Napaeus vulgaris (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)

Species brought into synonymy:

• Napaeus arcuatus (Kuester, 1845): synonym of Pseudonapaeus arcuatus (Kuester, 1845) (unaccepted combination)
• Napaeus candelaris (L. Pfeiffer, 1846): synonym of Pseudonapaeus candelaris (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) (unaccepted combination)
• Napaeus coelebs (L. Pfeiffer, 1846): synonym of Pseudonapaeus coelebs (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) (unaccepted combination)
• Napaeus sindicus (Reeve, 1848): synonym of Pseudonapaeus sindicus (Reeve, 1848) (unaccepted combination)
• Napaeus vincentii (Gredler, 1898): synonym of Serina vincentii (Gredler, 1898)

Further reading

• Alonso M. R., Henríquez F. & Ibáñez M. (1995). "Revision of the species group Napaeus variatus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Buliminidae) from the Canary Islands, with description of five new species". Zool Scr 24: 303–320.
• Yanes Y., Martín J., Moro L., Alonso M. R. & Ibáñez M. (2009). "On the relationships of the genus Napaeus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae), with the description of four new species from the Canary Islands". Journal of Natural History 43(35): 2179–2207.

External links

• "Species in genus Napaeus". AnimalBase.

Notes and References

1. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=762701 on 2021-08-31
2. Allgaier C. (2007). "Active Camouflage with Lichens in a Terrestrial Snail, Napaeus (N.) barquini Alonso and Ibáñez, 2006 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)". Zoological Science 24(9): 869–876. .
3. Tuebingen University (2007, October 31). "Snails As Clever Builders: Active Camouflage In A Snail". ScienceDaily. Accessed October 8, 2010.
4. Yanes Y., Santana J., Artiles M., Deniz F., Martin J., Alonso M. R. & Ibanez M. (2011). "Five new Napaeus species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from Gran Canaria and El Hierro (Canary Islands)." Zootaxa 2901: 35–51. abstract.
5. Alonso M. R., Goodacre S. L., Emerson B. C., Ibáñez M., Hutterer R. & Groh K. (2006). "Canarian land snail diversity: conflict between anatomical and molecular data on the phylogenetic placement of five new species of Napaeus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89: 169–187. .
6. Holyoak G. A., Holyoak D. T., Yanes Y., Alonso M. R., Ibanez M. (2011). "Two new Napaeus species from La Gomera and La Palma (Canary Islands) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) ". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 140(1): 37–48. .
7. Castillo C., Yanes Y., Alonso M. R. & Ibáñez M. (2006). "Napaeus lajaensis sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from a Quaternary Aeolian deposit of Northeast Tenerife, Canary Islands". Zootaxa 1307: 41–54.
8. Yanes Y., Martín J., Santana J., Holyoak G. A., Holyoak D. T., Artiles M., Deniz F. et al. & Ibáñez M. (2011). "Four new Napaeus species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from La Gomera (Canary Islands)". Journal of Conchology 40(4): 393–407. abstract.