| Naoki Tanaka | |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Office: | Minister of Defence |
| Primeminister: | Yoshihiko Noda |
| Term Start: | 13 January 2012 |
| Term End: | 4 June 2012 |
| Predecessor: | Yasuo Ichikawa |
| Successor: | Satoshi Morimoto |
| Office1: | Member of the House of Councillors |
| Constituency1: | Niigata at-large |
| Term Start1: | 26 July 1998 |
| Term End1: | 25 July 2016 |
| Predecessor1: | Kazuo Majima |
| Successor1: | Yuko Mori |
| Office2: | Member of the House of Representatives |
| Constituency2: | Fukushima 3rd |
| Term Start2: | 19 July 1993 |
| Term End2: | 27 September 1996 |
| Constituency3: | Fukushima 3rd |
| Term Start3: | 19 December 1983 |
| Term End3: | 24 January 1990 |
| Birth Date: | 19 June 1940 |
| Birth Place: | Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan |
| Spouse: | Makiko Tanaka |
| Party: | Independent |
| Otherparty: | LDP DP DPJ |
| Alma Mater: | Keio University |
is a former Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan, who served as a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature), from Niigata Prefectural electorate. He is a native of Kanazawa, Ishikawa and a graduate of Keio University.
When he married Makiko Tanaka he changed his family name to hers. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1983. After losing his seat in 1996, he was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 1998.