Spire Global Explained

Spire Global, Inc.
Type:Public
Industry:Data & Analytics, Aerospace
Founder:Peter Platzer, Joel Spark, Jeroen Cappaert
Area Served:Worldwide
Key People:Peter Platzer (CEO)
Products:Spire Sense Cloud (Satellite and Terrestrial AIS Data)Spire AirSafe (Satellite ADS-B Data) Spire Stratos (GPS-RO Data)Spire Forecast (NWP) Orbital Services
Services:Satellite-based maritime, aviation, and weather tracking
Num Employees:424[1]
Foundation:[2]
Location City:San Francisco, California
Location Country:U.S.
Locations:8 (2022)

Spire Global, Inc. is a space-to-cloud data and analytics company that specializes in the tracking of global data sets powered by a large constellation of nanosatellites, such as the tracking of maritime, aviation and weather patterns.[3]

The company currently operates a fleet of more than 110 CubeSats, the second largest commercial constellation by number of satellites,[4] and the largest by number of sensors. The satellites are integrally designed and built in-house. It has launched more than 140 satellites to orbit since its creation.[5]

The company has offices in San Francisco, Boulder, Washington, D.C., Glasgow, Luxembourg, Munich, Singapore, and Cambridge (Ontario).[6]

History

Early years

Spire was originally known as NanoSatisfi Inc.[7] NanoSatisfi was founded in June 2012 in San Francisco by International Space University graduates Peter Platzer, Jeroen Cappaert and Joel Spark as part of ArduSat, a project aiming to “democratize access to space”.[8] Tests for early prototypes were conducted over the summer and the fall through a high-altitude balloon.[9] This effort was partly financed through crowdfunding, with a KickStarter that raised Spire $106,330.[10] In November the company signed an agreement with NanoRacks for the deployment of two satellites in what was to become “the first U.S. Commercial Satellite Deployment from the International Space Station”.[11]

In order to raise the capital required for the manufacturing of those satellites, the company incubated with Lemnos Labs. It raised investments totaling $1.5M in a seed round by Shasta Ventures, Lemnos Labs, E-merge, Grishin Robotics, and Beamonte Investments in February 2013.[12] A year after signing with NanoRacks, on November 19, 2013, both ArduSat-1 and ArduSat-X (1U CubeSats) were successfully released from the Kibo Experiment Module of the International Space Station and quickly started transmitting data to Spire servers.[13]

Following this experimentation, Spire engineers opted to focus on 3U nanosatellites to start porting more complex payloads, launching the first iteration of its standard satellite format, Lemur-1, with the Dnepr rocket in June 2014, transiting from 1U to 3U in only seven months, and launching its first prototype just two years after incorporation.[14] [15]

On the basis of this early success, Spire announced in July a follow-up $25M Series A funding round led by RRE Ventures and backed by Emerge, Mitsui & Co. Global Investment, and Mousse Partners.[16] [17] The following month, the company announced that ArduSat would be spun-off of the company and would focus exclusively on educational technology in partnership with U.S. high schools.[18] Shortly after, Spire opened its Singapore office in late 2014 and started steadily increasing its network of ground stations.[19]

Growth

On June 30, 2015, the company announced a $40 Million Series B led by Promus Ventures with participation from Bessemer Venture Partners and Jump Capital.[20] in order to help finance the first batches of Lemur satellites. The first Lemur-2 were launched in September 2015 through the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL, making Spire the first US-based operator to launch from India.[21] This launch inaugurated the Spire tradition to leave the naming of each satellite to employees, with the first 3 Lemurs christened respectively Joel, Peter and Jeroen after the company's co-founders.

Facing increasing pressure to mass-produce satellites and constrained by the limited space in its San Francisco office, Spire opened an office in Glasgow in February 2015, initially leveraging Clyde Space's facilities, before opening its own full-fledged cleanroom for satellite manufacturing in December 2015.[22] The city was chosen to leverage the local know-how of what is widely considered the leading European ecosystem in small satellite production and establish a first foothold in Europe.[23] These facilities enabled Spire to quickly produce a first batch of four nanosatellites (launched in September) before manufacturing a full eight Lemur satellites ahead of an Atlas V launch in March 2016. This launch saw Spire cross the line of 10 simultaneously operating satellites in June of that year, following deployment from the ISS. Two additional launches were conducted that year, putting the total satellites sent to space by the company that year at sixteen, confirming its ability to industrialize the manufacturing process of its nanosatellites.[24]

Concomitantly, Spire opened a second U.S. campus in Boulder, Colorado, in January 2016. The company hired Dave Ector[25] – the former program manager for NASA’s COSMIC satellites – and Alexander MacDonald[26] – former director of NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory – and started drawing on the resources of the local weather ecosystem (powered by the University of Colorado Boulder) to kickstart its weather program in the city. To this effect, the team started working on Spire's own Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) payload, enabling the company to constantly collect highly accurate data on local atmospheric properties which greatly enhance the forecasting abilities of weather models.[25] [27] This program quickly enabled Spire to participate in the inaugural Commercial Weather Data Pilot program of the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration in September 2016.[28] Spire's participation was confirmed and broadened in September 2018 for the second round of the CWDP program.[29] This program aims to enable weather-focused administrations to procure data (largely obtained from Radio Occultation profiles) created by private entities in order to improve the precision of the publicly available weather models.

Over 2017, the company launched 6 missions, yielding an additional 36 operated satellites despite the critical failure of a Soyuz vehicle carrying 10 Lemurs in November.[30] Spire closed the year by completing a $70m Series C led by the Government of Luxembourg (through its national Luxembourg Future Fund), and opened its second European campus in the city, enabling the company's access to regional talent and facilities.[31] This round put the total amount of capital raised by Spire at $140.5m.

In early 2018, Spire participated in the second flight of Rocket Lab’s Electron rocket, and was selected for Arianespace’s Vega Proof of Concept,[32] further broadening its launch portfolio. It participated in a total of 7 launch missions – yielding 28 new operated satellites – and developed its own ADS-B payload able to track the movement of equipped airplanes across areas that conventional ground radars can not cover, and that is quickly becoming a standard following the MH370 disappearance.[33]

In 2019, the company formalized its first business unit as Spire Maritime, based in Luxembourg,[34] and launched its 100th Lemur satellite on April 1st.[35]

On March 1, 2021, the company announced an agreement to go public via a merger with the SPAC (special-purpose acquisition company) Navsight. The merger, completed in the third quarter of 2021, valued the company at $1.6 billion.[36]

Spire's stock began trading in New York stock exchange on August 17, 2021. Spire had a market value of $1.6 billion and about $265 million in cash on its books after the close of the SPAC merger. In the year before, 2020, Spire had booked $36 million in revenue. Also at the time of stock market debut, the company had more than 110 satellites in orbit and ground stations in 16 countries, with more than 70 antennas on its ground stations. At the time, Spire did not expect to grow its constellation of Lemur satellites, as the company did not see “any customer demand” that would require a larger constellation of satellites. Despite not growing its constellation, Spire would continue to build and launch satellites as the Lemur satellites are refreshed on a three-year hardware replacement cycle. When listing in the stock exchange Spire had offices in four countries: the U.S., the U.K., Luxembourg and Singapore and customers in nearly 30 countries.[37]

Due to missing projected revenue targets and rising losses, Spire's market value started falling after the first quarterly report. As of April 30, 2022, the company had a market cap of $231 million, less than half of the $557 million in capital invested in the company, and less than the cash on its books after the close of the SPAC merger.[38]

Satellite

Spire's Lemur satellites are flexible platforms built to operate a variety of in-house or hosted payloads. It currently commercializes its platform on a “Space-as-a-Service” offering with aerospace and defence customers.[39]

Spire designs, builds, tests, and operates all its satellites in-house at its Glasgow offices. The company uses minimally adapted COTS electronics to reduce cost.[40] The satellites are placed in low Earth orbit and are scheduled to be retired and replaced every two to three years.[41] [42]

Spire adheres to internationally recognized guidelines for disposal of old satellites.[43]

The company's satellites are multi-sensor. Data types such as Automatic Identification System (AIS) service are used for tracking sea vessels. This data is valuable for use in illegal fishing, trade monitoring, maritime domain awareness, insurance, asset tracking, search and rescue, and prevention of piracy, among others.[33] Spire's Sense product leveraging the company's AIS data set was officially launched in February 2019.[34]

The GNSS-RO weather payload measure temperature, pressure, among other key characteristics across a “slice” of the atmosphere, or "profile". These characteristics are highly valuable for public and private weather forecasters across the world as they strongly increase the forecasting capabilities of weather models.[25] [27]

ADS-B sensors were launched in 2018 to permanently track aircraft across all skies. This data is getting increasingly regarded as the new standard for modern aviation as it enables air controllers and companies to constantly monitor aircraft across isolated areas and oceans which ground-based radars are not able to cover.[44]

In 2020, Spire announced its intention to add intersatellite links to its satellites, allowing for lower latency between data collection and delivery to a gateway site.[45]

Satellite List[46] [47] !NORAD CAT ID!Satellite Name!Launch Date!Launch Vehicle!Site!De-Orbit Date
40044 LEMUR 12014-06-19Dnepr[48] Yasny
40932 LEMUR 2 JOEL2015-09-28PSLV-XLSatish Dhawan
40933 LEMUR 2 CHRIS2015-09-28
40934 LEMUR 2 JEROEN2015-09-28
40935 LEMUR 2 PETER2015-09-28
41485 LEMUR 2 THERESACONDOR2016-03-23Atlas V 401Cape Canaveral2017-03-30
41488 LEMUR 2 NICK-ALLAIN2016-03-232017-04-05
41489 LEMUR 2 KANE2016-03-232017-04-07
41490 LEMUR 2 JEFF2016-03-232017-03-24
41595 LEMUR 2 DRMUZZ2016-03-232017-06-25
41596 LEMUR 2 BRIDGEMAN2016-03-232017-03-08
41597 LEMUR 2 CUBECHEESE2016-03-232017-03-06
41598 LEMUR 2 NATE2016-03-232017-02-27
LEMUR-2 BECCADEWEY2016-03-23Atlas V 401Cape CanaveralDeploy Failure
41871 LEMUR 2 XIAOQING2016-10-17Antares-230MARS
41872 LEMUR 2 SOKOLSKY2016-10-17
41873 LEMUR 2 ANUBHAVTHAKUR2016-10-17
41874 LEMUR 2 WINGO2016-10-17
42059 LEMUR 2 REDFERN-GOES2016-12-09H-2BTanegashima2018-12-05
42067 LEMUR 2 TRUTNA2016-12-092018-04-15
42068 LEMUR 2 AUSTINTACIOUS2016-12-092018-10-04
42069 LEMUR 2 TRUTNAHD2016-12-092018-11-13
41991 LEMUR 2 SATCHMO2017-02-15PSLV-XLSatish Dhawan
41992 LEMUR 2 MIA-GRACE2017-02-15
41993 LEMUR 2 SMITA-SHARAD2017-02-15
41994 LEMUR 2 SPIRE-MINIONS2017-02-15
41995 LEMUR 2 RDEATON2017-02-15
41996 LEMUR 2 NOGUECORREIG2017-02-15
41997 LEMUR 2 JOBANPUTRA2017-02-15
41998 LEMUR 2 TACHIKOMA2017-02-15
42752 LEMUR 2 ANGELA2017-04-18Atlas V 401Cape Canaveral
42753 LEMUR 2 JENNYBARNA2017-04-18
42754 LEMUR 2 ROBMOORE2017-04-18
42755 LEMUR 2 SPIROVISION2017-04-18
42771 LEMUR 2 SHAINAJOHL2017-06-23PSLV-XLSatish Dhawan
42772 LEMUR 2 XUENITERENCE2017-06-23
42773 LEMUR 2 LUCYBRYCE2017-06-23
42774 LEMUR 2 KUNGFOO2017-06-23
42779 LEMUR 2 LYNSEY-SYMO2017-06-23
42780 LEMUR 2 LISASAURUS2017-06-23
42781 LEMUR 2 SAM-AMELIA2017-06-23
42782 LEMUR 2 MCPEAKE2017-06-23
42837 LEMUR 2 GREENBERG2017-07-14Soyuz-2.1aBaikonur
42838 LEMUR 2 ANDIS2017-07-14
42839 LEMUR 2 MONSON2017-07-14
42840 LEMUR 2 FURIAUS2017-07-14
42841 LEMUR 2 PETERG2017-07-14
42842 LEMUR 2 DEMBITZ2017-07-14
42845 LEMUR 2 ZACHARY2017-07-14
42881 LEMUR 2 ARTFISCHER2017-07-14
43041 LEMUR 2 ROCKETJONAH2017-11-12Antares-230MARS
43045 LEMUR 2 YONGLIN2017-11-12
43046 LEMUR 2 KEVIN2017-11-12
43047 LEMUR 2 BRIANDAVIE2017-11-12
43048 LEMUR 2 ROMACOSTE2017-11-12
43051 LEMUR 2 MCCULLAGH2017-11-12
43053 LEMUR 2 DUNLOP2017-11-12
43054 LEMUR 2 LIU-POU-CHUN2017-11-12
LEMUR-2 MCGARVEY2017-11-28Soyuz-2.1bVostochnyLaunch Failure
LEMUR-2 BENYEOH2017-11-28Launch Failure
LEMUR-2 HARVEY2017-11-28Launch Failure
LEMUR-2 MATTHEW2017-11-28Launch Failure
LEMUR-2 MAXIMILLIE2017-11-28Launch Failure
LEMUR-2 SMILLIE-FACE2017-11-28Launch Failure
LEMUR-2 NRE-METTS2017-11-28Launch Failure
LEMUR-2 CYLONRAIDER2017-11-28Launch Failure
LEMUR-2 ECTOR2017-11-28Launch Failure
LEMUR-2 CRAIG2017-11-28Launch Failure
43123 LEMUR 2 MCCAFFERTY2018-01-12PSLV-XLSatish Dhawan2023-04-19
43124 LEMUR 2 PETERWEBSTER2018-01-122023-05-09
43125 LEMUR 2 BROWNCOW2018-01-122023-04-19
43126 LEMUR 2 DAVEWILSON2018-01-122023-04-05
43165 LEMUR 2 MARSHALL2018-01-21ElectronMahia2023-08-22
43167 LEMUR 2 TALLHAMN-ATC2018-01-212023-11-09
43182 LEMUR 2 JIN-LUEN2018-02-01Soyuz-2.1aVostochny
43183 LEMUR 2 URAMCHANSOL2018-02-01
43184 LEMUR 2 KADI2018-02-01
43185 LEMUR 2 THENICKMOLO2018-02-01
43558 LEMUR 2 VU2018-05-21Antares-230MARS2023-02-06
43559 LEMUR 2 ALEXANDER2018-05-212023-01-13
43560 LEMUR 2 YUASA2018-05-212023-01-18
43561 LEMUR 2 TOMHENDERSON2018-05-212023-02-13
43695 LEMUR 2 ZUPANSKI2018-11-11ElectronMahia2023-10-05
43697 LEMUR 2 CHANUSIAK2018-11-112023-09-06
43731 LEMUR 2 ORZULAK2018-11-29PSLV-CASatish Dhawan2023-02-03
43732 LEMUR 2 KOBYSZCZE2018-11-292023-02-03
43745 LEMUR 2 DULY2018-11-292023-02-20
43746 LEMUR 2 VLADIMIR2018-11-292023-01-13
43882 LEMUR 2 CHRISTINAHOLT2018-12-27Soyuz-2.1aVostochny
43883 LEMUR 2 TINYKEV2018-12-27
43884 LEMUR 2 REMY-COLTON2018-12-27
43885 LEMUR 2 GUSTAVO2018-12-27
43886 LEMUR 2 ZO2018-12-27
43887 LEMUR 2 NATALIEMURRAY2018-12-27
43888 LEMUR 2 SARAHBETTYBOO2018-12-27
43889 LEMUR 2 DAISY-HARPER2018-12-27
44084 LEMUR-2 JOHANLORAN2019-04-01PSLV-QLSatish Dhawan2023-03-07
44085 LEMUR-2 BEAUDACIOUS2019-04-012023-06-30
44086 LEMUR-2 ELHAM2019-04-012023-05-03
44087 LEMUR-2 VICTOR-ANDREW2019-04-012023-03-15
44402LEMUR 2 WANLI2019-07-05Soyuz-2.1bVostochny
44396LEMUR 2 LILLYJO2019-07-05
44405LEMUR 2 DUSTINTHEWIND2019-07-05
44409LEMUR 2 EJATTA2019-07-05
44403LEMUR 2 MORAG2019-07-05
44411LEMUR 2 GREGROBINSON2019-07-05
44413LEMUR 2 YNDRD2019-07-05
44407LEMUR 2 ALEX-MADDY2019-07-05
44861LEMUR 2 PAPPY2019-12-11PSLV-QLSatish Dhawan
44860LEMUR 2 HIMOMANDDAD2019-12-11
44855LEMUR 2 JPGSQUARED2019-12-11
44863LEMUR 2 THEODOSIA2019-12-11
LEMUR 2 FJMSRBIJANKA2020-09-02VegaKourou
LEMUR 2 DAVEHARTZELL2020-09-03
46298LEMUR 2 ETHANOAKES2020-09-03
46315LEMUR 2 SCHMIDTFALL2020-09-03
46316LEMUR 2 DJUPROERA2020-09-03
46317LEMUR 2 SQUAREJAWS2020-09-03
46299LEMUR 2 OSCARLATOR2020-09-03
46318LEMUR 2 URSA AVION2020-09-03
46502LEMUR 2 SUSURRUS2020-09-28Soyuz-2.1bPlesetsk
46500LEMUR 2 SLICERS2020-09-28
46503LEMUR 2 NICHOL2020-09-28
46501LEMUR 2 DAYWZAGOODDAY2020-09-28
46926LEMUR 2 DJARA2020-10-03Antares-230+MARS
46925LEMUR 2 BAXTER-OLIVER2020-10-03
46908LEMUR 2 OZARAK2020-11-07PSLV-DLSatish Dhawan
46909LEMUR 2 JINDRA2020-11-07
46910LEMUR 2 WALLACE2020-11-07
46911LEMUR 2 JEREMIAH2020-11-07
47529LEMUR 2 CHANTAL2021-01-24Falcon 9 Block 5Cape Canaveral
47525LEMUR 2 JENNIFERSONG2021-01-24
47457LEMUR 2 NALLYWACKER2021-01-24
47450LEMUR 2 NEVA2021-01-24
47538LEMUR 2 NOOBNOOB2021-01-24
47511LEMUR 2 RUAIRI-EILIDH2021-01-24
47453LEMUR 2 SAOIRSEDH5GUO2021-01-24
47493LEMUR 2 MANGO12021-01-24
48273LEMUR 2 SPECIALK2021-04-29VegaKourou
48269LEMUR 2 SVANTE-AMANDA2021-04-29
48885LEMUR 2 JACKSON2021-06-30Falcon 9 Block 5Cape Canaveral
48923LEMUR 2 ANNABANANA2021-06-30
48925LEMUR 2 JOHN-TREIRES2021-06-30
48927LEMUR 2 AC-CUBED2021-06-30
48929LEMUR 2 MERIMA2021-06-30
48959LEMUR 2 CARLSANTAMARI2021-06-302023-08-14
51021LEMUR 2 RAMONAMAE2022-01-13Falcon 9 Block 5Cape Canaveral
51022LEMUR 2 KING-JULIEN2022-01-13
51036LEMUR 2 ROHOVITHSA (6U)2022-01-13
51054LEMUR 2 MIRIWARI (6U)2022-01-13
51058LEMUR 2 DJIRANG (6U)2022-01-13
51100LEMUR 2 KRYWE2022-01-13LauncherOneMojave
52740LEMUR 2 HANCOM-1 (6U)2022-05-25Falcon 9 Block 5Cape Canaveral
52736LEMUR 2 KAREN B2022-05-25
52769LEMUR 2 MIMI13072022-05-25
52732LEMUR 2 TENNYSONLILY2022-05-25
52733LEMUR 2 VANDENDRIES2022-05-25
55014LEMUR 2 DISCLAIMER2023-01-03Falcon 9 Block 5Cape Canaveral
55037LEMUR 2 EMMACULATE2023-01-03
55088LEMUR 2 FUENTETAYA-012023-01-03
55038LEMUR 2 MMOLO2023-01-03
55013LEMUR 2 PHILARI2023-01-03
55017LEMUR 2 STEVEALBERS2023-01-03
56187LEMUR 2 SPACEGUS2023-04-15Falcon 9 Block 5Vandenberg
56182LEMUR 2 ONREFLECTION (6U)2023-04-15
56206LEMUR 2 ROMEO-N-LEO2023-04-15
57391LEMUR 2 DEVERILL-M-T2023-07-18ElectronMahia
57390LEMUR 2 MANO2023-07-18
LEMUR 2 (Skylark)2024-01-31ElectronMahia
LEMUR 2 (Skylark)2024-01-31
LEMUR 2 (Skylark)2024-01-31
LEMUR 2 (Skylark)2024-01-31

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Spire (Global) Overview. May 30, 2022.
  2. Web site: Satellite constellation operator Spire Global to go public via $1.6 billion SPAC. March 2021 . May 30, 2022.
  3. Web site: Spire website. Jun 27, 2017.
  4. Web site: Nanosats.eu. Jun 27, 2017.
  5. Spire Grows World's Largest Weather Observation Constellation With Launch Of 100th Satellite. April 1, 2019.
  6. Web site: Spire website. Feb 4, 2022.
  7. Web site: Spire, formerly Nanosatisfi, raises $25M Series A round to expand its satellite fleet. Signe. Brewster. July 29, 2014. Gigaom.
  8. Web site: From Silicon Valley to Singapore: Spire's Ambitious Remote Sensing Strategy. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  9. Web site: SparkFun Box in (Near) SPAAAAACE!. 2012 . Nov 21, 2012.
  10. Web site: ArduSat – Your Arduino Experiment in Space – Kickstarter. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  11. Web site: ArduSat Selects NanoRacks for ISS Satellite Deployment. https://archive.today/20130811145411/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=39286. dead. August 11, 2013. 2012. Nov 21, 2012.
  12. Web site: ArduSat will let anyone conduct experiments in space for $125. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  13. Web site: Crew Deploys Tiny Satellites and Tests Spacesuit Repairs. 2013 . Nov 21, 2014.
  14. Web site: CubeSat – Spire. 2019 . Nov 21, 2018.
  15. Web site: Spire Global Aims To Orbit 25 Smallsats in 2015 – Spire. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  16. News: Nanosatellite Company Spire Raises $25M, Rocket Lab Unveils New Rocket. Wall Street Journal . 2014. Nov 21, 2014 . Gage . Deborah .
  17. . Spire announces $25 million in series A to fuel growth and help fulfill early customer demand. San Francisco . 2014-06-29 . 2014-11-21.
  18. Web site: A Higher Education: Satellite Startup Aims to Inspire Students Through Experiments in Space. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  19. Web site: Spire Global makes strategic push to expand into Asia. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  20. News: Spire Raises $40 Million for Its 'Listening Satellites'. Wall Street Journal . 2016. Mar 29, 2016 . Hay . Timothy .
  21. Web site: PSLV Rocket Launches India's 1st Astronomy Satellite, 4 Spire Cubesats. 2015 . May 18, 2016.
  22. Web site: Spire Opens a European HQ in Luxembourg, Raises Additional $70M. 2015 . May 18, 2016.
  23. Web site: Why Spire Chose to Set Up in Scotland. 2015 . May 18, 2016.
  24. Web site: Nano-Microsatellite Market Forecast 2017. 2017 . May 18, 2016.
  25. Web site: A Quiet Revolution in Weather Forecasting. 2016. May 18, 2016.
  26. Web site: Boulder to be site of global satellite company's largest facility. 2018. May 18, 2016.
  27. Web site: GNSS Radio Occultation – Applications for Weather Forecasting. 2017. May 18, 2016.
  28. Web site: Commercial Weather Data Pilot. 2016 . May 18, 2016.
  29. Web site: Commercial Weather Data Pilot – Round 2. 2018 . May 18, 2016.
  30. Web site: Soyuz satellites feared lost in launch failure. 2017 . Jan 23, 2018.
  31. Web site: Spire Opens a European HQ in Luxembourg, Raises Additional $70M'. 2017 . Jan 23, 2018.
  32. Web site: Spire selects Arianespace. 2018 . Jan 23, 2018.
  33. A Strange Kind of Data Tracks the Weather—and Pirate Ships. Wired . 2018 . Jan 23, 2018 . Scoles . Sarah .
  34. Web site: Spire Announces a New Business Unit for Maritime Data and Analytics. 2019 . Jan 23, 2019.
  35. Web site: Spire Lobs 100th Satellite To Space To Grow Its Weather-Watching Capabilities. Forbes. 2019 . Jan 23, 2019.
  36. Web site: Satellite constellation operator Spire Global to go public via $1.6 billion SPAC. 2021-03-01. TechCrunch. en-US.
  37. Web site: Satellite company Spire begins trading on the NYSE after completing SPAC merger. Michael. Sheetz. August 17, 2021. CNBC.
  38. Web site: Spire Global, Inc. (SPIR) Stock Price, News, Quote & History - Yahoo Finance. 2022-04-30. finance.yahoo.com. en-US.
  39. Web site: KeyW Announces Next-Generation Payload Demonstrations Powered by Spire Global's Hosted Payload Service. 2019. Jan 23, 2019. May 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190515103850/https://www.keywcorp.com/blog/press_release/keyw-announces-next-generation-payload-demonstrations-powered-by-spire-globals-hosted-payload-service/. dead.
  40. Web site: NASA – NanoRacks-Ardusat-2. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  41. Web site: Spire wants to fight sea pirates from space – using nanosatellites. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  42. Web site: More space robots as Grishin funds NanoSatisfi. 2014 . Nov 21, 2014.
  43. Web site: A Responsible Space Actor. 2019 . Jan 21, 2019.
  44. News: Spire's First ADS-B Plane Tracking Satellites to Enter Service by the End of Q2. 2018-10-30. en-US.
  45. Web site: 2020-09-23. Spire adding cross links to cubesat constellation. 2020-09-24. SpaceNews. en-US.
  46. Web site: Space-Track.org. www.space-track.org. 2019-05-15.
  47. Web site: Lemur-2 – Satellite Missions – eoPortal Directory. directory.eoportal.org. 2019-06-15.
  48. Web site: Lemur 1. Gunter's Space Page.