Nanda (Hinduism) Explained

Type:Hindu
Spouse:Yashoda
Children:Krishna, Balarama (foster-children)
Yogamaya (biological daughter)
Dynasty:Yaduvamsha-Chandravamsha
Texts:Bhagavata Purana, Harivamsa, Vishnu Purana, Mahabharata[1]
Region:Gokulam

Nanda is a cow-herd chief,[2] [3] [4] and the foster-father of Krishna, featured in the Harivamsha and the Puranas.[5] Nanda is the son of Parjanya,[6] [7] a ruler of the Vraja region,[8] who is a son of the Yadava king, Devamidha.[9] He is the chief of Gokulam,[10] which is one of the most powerful territories of the Yadava tribe.[11] He is sometimes referred to as a king.[12]

Nanda is the cousin of Vasudeva.[9] [13] [11] [14] Vasudeva takes his newborn son, Krishna, to Nanda on the night of the child's birth, so that Nanda could raise him. The chief, who is married to Yashoda, brings up both Krishna, and his brother, Balarama. Krishna derives his epithet Nandanandana (son of Nanda) from him.[15] [16]

Legend

Nanda was the foster-father of Krishna. He also helped to raise Balarama. Nanda, identified as King Nanda in many scriptures[17] was a kinsman and a great friend of Vasudeva.[18] The fact that King Nanda and King Vasudeva were second cousins is confirmed both by the Bhagavata Purana, Book 10, and the Mahabharata.[19] [20] [21] King Vasudeva married Devaki, the daughter of King Devaka.[22] [23] Devaki's cousin, an evil tyrant named Kamsa, had imprisoned his father, Ugrasena, and usurped the throne. Owing to a divine prophecy that he would be slain by the eighth child of Devaki, Kamsa arranged that all of Devaki's sons should die at birth. Six children thus perished.[24] Vasudeva's wife, Rohini, gave birth to Balarama, and Krishna himself was placed by Vasudeva into the hands of Nanda. Both Krishna and Balarama were brought up by Nanda, the cowherd-chief, and his wife, Yashoda.[25] [26] [27]

A legend from the Bhagavata Purana describes the episode of Nanda's abduction. Having observed a fast during the ekadashi, he entered the waters of the Yamuna the following night to perform ablutions, disregarding the fact that it was a period of the day that was reserved for the asuras. He was captured by an asura who served Varuna, the god of water, and took him to his underwater realm. Having heard that his foster-father had been taken captive, Krishna reassured his community of the former's safety, and sought an audience with Varuna. Delighted at the sight of Krishna, Varuna offered his obeisance, as well as apologies for his servant's actions, and returned Nanda from his abode. Astonished at the sight of Varuna's abode as well as his foster-son's actions, Nanda conveyed this incident to the people of Gokulam, who determined that Krishna must be Ishvara.[28] [29]

When Krishna is enveloped by the serpent Kaliya, Nanda and his men attempt to rescue him by diving into the Yamuna, but he was restrained by Balarama, who knew the true identity of his brother.[30] [31]

In an episode, Nanda and all the people of Vraja undertook a pilgrimage to a site named Ambika Vana, where they worshipped Shiva and Parvati, and bathed in the Sarasvati river. They spent the night at the banks of the river. A huge python started to swallow Nanda, having caught hold of his leg. Hearing his cries for help, Krishna and the cowherds arrived to rescue him. The men tried to brandish their torches at the snake to free him, but to no avail. Krishna merely tapped the python with his foot, and the creature assumed the form of a gandharva. The gandharva explained that he was named Sudarshana, and due to the fact that he had laughed to mock sages from his vimana, he had been cursed with the form of a python; the touch of Krishna's foot had liberated him from his curse.[32] [33]

Genealogy

Veneration

Nandagaon

See main article: Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh.

Nandagaon is one of the religious places near Barsana in Braj. Since the sixteenth century the town has been associated with Nanda and Krishna. The Nanda Bhavan aka Nandrayji ka Mandir houses identical images of Krishna and Balarama flanked by Nanda and Yashoda. The current temple was built in the mid-eighteenth century by Rup Singh, a Sinsinwar Jat.[34] [35]

Surrounding the town are several tanks and ponds associated with events from Krishna's life.

Nanda Bhavan (Chaurasi Khamba Mandir)

The residence of Nanda, known as Nanda Bhavan, where Krishna is said to have grown up and spent the first three years of his childhood is a main and most famous temple in Mahavan. This yellow coloured building has many wall paintings depicting pastimes of Krishna has 84 pillars inside. It is believed that there are 84,00,000 species in this material world and each pillar is said to symbolize 100,000 species, thus representing all the life in the universe.[36]

Nanda Ghata

The Nanda Ghata is situated on the banks of the sacred river Yamuna. The Ghata (Riverbank) is related to the rescue of Nanda's abduction by the asura of Varuna, while Nanda was taking a bath in the holy river, Yamuna.[37]

See also

References

  1. Brahmavaivarta Purana Sri-Krishna Janma Khanda (Fourth Canto) Chapter 13.Verse 224 English translation by Shantilal Nagar Parimal Publications Link: https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-purana-all-four-kandas-english-translation
  2. Book: Bhatt . Dr G. P. . The Agni-Purana Part 4: Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Volume 30 . Gangadharan . N. . 2013-01-01 . Motilal Banarsidass . 978-81-208-3897-0 . 1137 . en.
  3. Book: Books, Kausiki . Bhagavatha Maha Purana 1st Skanda : English translation only without Slokas . 2021-07-12 . Kausiki Books . 119 . en.
  4. Book: Case, Margaret H. . Seeing Krishna: The Religious World of a Brahman Family in Vrindaban . 2000-04-20 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-535153-8 . 3 . en.
  5. Book: Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead- Chepter-5 . The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust . His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupad . 978-9171495587.
  6. Book: Swarup Das. Śrī Śrī 84 Krosh Vrajamaṇḍala. 1999. Samir Debanth.
  7. Book: A. W. Entwistle. Braj: Centre of Krishna Pilgrimage. 1987. E. Forsten. 978-90-6980-016-5.
  8. Book: Holdrege, Barbara A. . Bhakti and Embodiment: Fashioning Divine Bodies and Devotional Bodies in Krsna Bhakti . 2015-08-14 . Routledge . 978-1-317-66909-8 . 235 . en.
  9. Book: Viśvanātha Cakravartī. Sārārtha Darśini: Tenth Canto Commnetaries [of] Srimad Bhagavatam. 2004. Mahanidhi Swami.
  10. Book: Lach . Donald Frederick . South Asia . Kley . Edwin J. Van . 1993 . University of Chicago Press . 978-0-226-46754-2 . 1052 . en.
  11. Book: The Greatest Farce of History . Partridge Publishing . Gopal Chowdhary . 2014 . 119 . 978-1482819250.
  12. Web site: www.wisdomlib.org . 2022-07-16 . Verse 5.14.7 [Garga Samhita] ]. 2022-11-25 . www.wisdomlib.org . en.
  13. Book: Sanghi. Ashwin. The Krishna key. 2012. Westland. Chennai. 9789381626689. Key7. 9 June 2016. en.
  14. Book: The Cattle and the Stick: An Ethnographic Profile of the Raut of Chhattisgarh . Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, 2000 Original from the University of Michigan . Lok Nath Soni . 2000 . Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, Delhi . 16 . 978-8185579573.
  15. Book: At Play with Krishna: Pilgrimage Dramas from Brindaran . Princeton University Press . John Stratton Hawley . 2014 . Princeton Legacy Library . 316 . 978-1400859122.
  16. Book: Blazing Sadhus or Never Trust a Holy Man Who Can't Dance . Charles Barnett . Charles Barnett . 2014 . III . 978-1632958624 .
  17. Book: Sehgal, Sunil . Encyclopaedia of Hinduism . 1999 . Sarup & Sons . 978-81-7625-064-1 . 1084 . en.
  18. Book: Prem ságar; or, The ocean of love . Oxford University . 1867 . 18.
  19. Book: Carl Olson. Hindu Primary Sources: A Sectarian Reader. 21 August 2017. 2007. Rutgers University Press. 978-0-8135-4070-2. 240–.
  20. Book: Jīva Gosvāmī. Śrī Kr̥ṣṇa-sandarbha. 21 August 2017. 2006. Rasbiharilal & sons. 978-81-8403-018-1.
  21. Book: The Complete Mahabharata Volume 1 to 12 . 2034 . English.
  22. Book: Dalal, Roshen . Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide . 2014-04-18 . Penguin UK . 978-81-8475-277-9 . 424 . en.
  23. Book: Garg, Gaṅgā Rām . Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World . 1992 . Concept Publishing Company . 978-81-7022-374-0 . 21 . en.
  24. Book: A God Who Dances: Krishna for You . Torchlight Publishing . Carl Woodham . 2011 . 84 . 978-0981727363.
  25. Book: A God Who Dances: Krishna for You . Torchlight Publishing . Carl Woodham . 2011 . 103–121 . 978-0981727363.
  26. Book: The Bhagavad Gita: Revised Edition . SUNY Press . Winthrop Sargeant, Christopher Key Chapple . 1984 . 9, 14 . 978-0873958318.
  27. Book: Narmad?parikram? - Circumambulation of the Narmad? River: On the Tradition of a Unique Hindu Pilgrimage Volume 42 of Brill's Indological Library . BRILL . Jürgen Neuß . 2012 . 265 . 978-9004228573.
  28. Book: Dutt, Manmatha Nath . A Prose English Translation of Srimadbhagavatam . 1896 . M.N. Dutt . 128–129 . en.
  29. Book: Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra . The Purāṇa index. 2. (From T to M) . 1995 . Motilal Banarsidass Publishers . 978-81-209-1274-8 . 435 . en.
  30. Book: Hudson, D. Dennis . The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram . 2008-09-25 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-045140-0 . 215 . en.
  31. Book: Leeming, David . Oxford Companion to World Mythology . 2005-11-17 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-028888-4 . 232 . en.
  32. Book: Venkatesananda, Swami . The Concise Srimad Bhagavatam . 2010-03-31 . State University of New York Press . 978-1-4384-2283-1 . 270 . en.
  33. Book: Vanamali . The Complete Life of Krishna: Based on the Earliest Oral Traditions and the Sacred Scriptures . 2012-05-22 . Simon and Schuster . 978-1-59477-690-8 . 97 . en.
  34. Book: Entwistle, A.W. . Braj: Center of Krishna Pilgrimage . Egbert Forsten . 1987 . 377-378.
  35. Vaudeville . Charlotte . 1976 . Braj, Lost and Found . Indo-Iranian Journal . Brill . 18 . 3/4 . 205.
  36. Book: Krishna: A Journey through the Lands & Legends of Krishna . Jaico Publishing House . Dev Prasad . 2010 . 978-8184951707.
  37. Book: Krishna Leeela in Brajamandal a Retrospect . Saudamini Dash . Trilochan Dash . 2012 . 211.

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