| Kirino Toshiaki | |
| Native Name: | 桐野 利秋 |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Nickname: | Hitokiri Hanjirō (Hanjiro the Assassin) |
| Birth Date: | 11 December 1838 |
| Birth Place: | Kagoshima, Satsuma Domain ) |
| Death Place: | Kagoshima, Japan |
| Placeofburial: | Nanshu Cemetery, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan |
| Allegiance: | Empire of Japan (former) Satsuma Domain |
| Branch: | Imperial Japanese Army (former) |
| Serviceyears: | 1868–1876 |
| Rank: | Brigadier General |
| Spouse: | Chōsa Hisa |
| Laterwork: | former assassin |
was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period, and an Imperial Japanese Army general of the early Meiji era.
Kirino, also known as , was renowned as one of the Four Hitokiri of the Bakumatsu. His sword style was Ko-jigen-ryū, a branch of the high-speed Jigen-ryū . Kirino's activities during the early to mid-1860s largely centered on Kyoto. During the Boshin War, as a senior commander of Satsuma forces, he was a high-ranking officer of the new Imperial Army. It was Kirino who was the representative of the imperial army at the surrender of Wakamatsu Castle, where he received the petition for surrender from Matsudaira Katamori, the lord of Aizu.
Kirino became a brigadier general in the early years of the Imperial Japanese Army. However, he joined the forces of Saigō Takamori during the Satsuma Rebellion, taking part in the march northward to Kumamoto. A lover of French Eau de Cologne, Kirino wore it even during his last battle at Shiroyama. Kirino remained with Saigō until the end, and was killed at the end of the rebellion. He was buried alongside Saigō Takamori, Beppu Shinsuke, Katsura Hisatake, Murata Shinpachi, Shinohara Kunimoto, and Oyama Tsunayoshi among others at the Nanshu Cemetery, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
Kirino's wife,, the second daughter of, was a skilled martial artist. As seen in several contemporary ukiyo-e woodblock prints depicting the uprising, she also joined in its march to lead the women auxiliary troops. Unlike her husband, she survived, and lived until 1920.
Kirino appears as a character in the history-themed Getsumei Seiki, by Kenji Morita. Kirino also appears as the Army Commander in the manga RED: Livin' on The Edge, by Kenichi Muraeda. He is also referenced in a off shoot of Eiichiro Oda's One piece called Great Detective Loomes where he is referenced as a character called Nakamura Hanzoro.