Naduvattam, Tamil Nadu Explained

Naduvattam
Settlement Type:Town
Pushpin Map:India Tamil Nadu
Pushpin Label Position:right
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Tamil Nadu, India
Coordinates:11.48°N 76.57°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: India
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Tamil Nadu
Subdivision Type2:District
Subdivision Name2:The Nilgiris
Unit Pref:Metric
Elevation M:1953
Population Total:11706
Population As Of:2001
Population Density Km2:auto
Demographics Type1:Languages
Demographics1 Title1:Official
Demographics1 Info1:Tamil and kannada
Timezone1:IST
Utc Offset1:+5:30
Registration Plate:TN-43

Naduvattam is a Panchayat town in The Nilgiris district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on Coimbatore-Gundalpet National Highway NH 67 of the Nilgiri Ghat Roads.

History

In the 19th century, when the British Straits Settlement shipped Chinese convicts to be jailed in India, the Chinese men then settled in the Nilgiri mountains near Naduvattam after their release and married Tamil Paraiyan women, having mixed Chinese-Tamil children with them. They were documented by Edgar Thurston.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Paraiyan is also anglicized as "pariah".

Edgar Thurston described the colony of the Chinese men with their Tamil pariah wives and children: "Halting in the course of a recent anthropological expedition on the western side of the Nilgiri plateau, in the midst of the Government Cinchona plantations, I came across a small settlement of Chinese, who have squatted for some years on the slopes of the hills between Naduvatam and Gudalur, and developed, as the result of ' marriage ' with Tamil pariah women, into a colony, earning an honest livelihood by growing vegetables, cultivating coffee on a small scale, and adding to their income from these sources by the economic products of the cow. An ambassador was sent to this miniature Chinese Court with a suggestion that the men should, in return for monies, present themselves before me with a view to their measurements being recorded. The reply which came back was in its way racially characteristic as between Hindus and Chinese. In the case of the former, permission to make use of their bodies for the purposes of research depends essentially on a pecuniary transaction, on a scale varying from two to eight annas. The Chinese, on the other hand, though poor, sent a courteous message to the effect that they did not require payment in money, but would be perfectly happy if I would give them, as a memento, copies of their photographs."[11] [12] Thurston further described a specific family: "The father was a typical Chinaman, whose only grievance was that, in the process of conversion to Christianity, he had been obliged to 'cut him tail off.' The mother was a typical Tamil Pariah of dusky hue. The colour of the children was more closely allied to the yellowish tint of the father than to the dark tint of the mother; and the semimongol parentage was betrayed in the slant eyes, flat nose, and (in one case) conspicuously prominent cheek-bones."[13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] Thurston's description of the Chinese-Tamil families were cited by others, one mentioned "an instance mating between a Chinese male with a Tamil Pariah female"[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] A 1959 book described attempts made to find out what happened to the colony of mixed Chinese and Tamils.[27]

Geography

Naduvattam is located at .[28] It has an average elevation of 1953 metres (6407 feet).

Demographics

India census,[29] Naduvattam had a population of 11,706. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Naduvattam has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 55%. In Naduvattam, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

References

  1. Book: 309. 1959. 2 March 2012. A. K. Bose. d: TAMIL-CHINESE CROSSES IN THE NILGIRIS, MADRAS. S. S. Sarkar* (Received on 21 September 1959) DURING May 1959, while working on the blood groups of the Kotas of the Nilgiri Hills in the village of Kokal in Gudalur, inquiries were made regarding the present position of the Tamil-Chinese cross described by Thurston (1909). It may be recalled here that Thurston reported the above cross resulting from the union of some Chinese convicts, deported from the Straits Settlement, and local Tamil Paraiyan. Man in India, Volume 39. Sarat Ch . ra Roy (Rai Bahadur) .
  2. Book: 99. 1909. 2 March 2012. Government press. Edgar Thurston . K. Rangachari . 99 CHINESE-TAMIL CROSS in the Nilgiri jail. It is recorded * that, in 1868, twelve of the Chinamen " broke out during a very stormy night, and parties of armed police were sent out to scour the hills for them. They were at last arrested in Malabar a fortnight. Castes and tribes of southern India, Volume 2. Alt URL
  3. Book: 218. reissue. 2011. 17 May 2014. Cambridge University Press. Edgar Thurston. The Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and the Associated States . 978-1107600683.
  4. News: RADHAKRISHNAN . D. . 19 April 2014 . Unravelling Chinese link can boost Nilgiris tourism . https://web.archive.org/web/20140419092818/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/unravelling-chinese-link-can-boost-nilgiris-tourism/article5926889.ece. 19 April 2014 . The Hindu . 17 May 2014. Alt URL http://www.bulletin247.com/english-news/show/unravelling-chinese-link-can-boost-nilgiris-tourism
  5. News: Raman . A . 31 May 2010 . Chinese in Madras . https://web.archive.org/web/20140518141112/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article276543.ece?service=print . dead . 18 May 2014 . The New Indian Express . 17 May 2014.
  6. News: Raman . A . 12 July 2010. Quinine factory and Malay-Chinese workers . https://web.archive.org/web/20140518140859/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article181569.ece?service=print . dead . 18 May 2014 . The New Indian Express . 17 May 2014.
  7. News: 2013 . Chinese connection to the Nilgiris to help promote tourism potential . travel News Digest . 17 May 2014.
  8. Book: 184. reprint. 1908. 17 May 2014. Logos Press. 1 . Madras District Gazetteers. W. Francis. The Nilgiris . Alt URL
  9. Book: 184. 1908. 17 May 2014. Superintendent, Government Press. Madras (India : State). Madras District Gazetteers, Volume 1 .
  10. Book: 184. 1908. 17 May 2014. Concept Publishing Company. W. Francis. The Nilgiris .
  11. Book: 31. 1897. 2 March 2012. Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Press. Government Museum (Madras, India). MADRAS. Bulletin ..., Volumes 2-3.
  12. Book: 31. 2004. 2 March 2012. Asian Educational Services. 2 . 1 . Bulletin (Government Museum (Madras, India)). Edgar Thurston. Badagas and Irulas of Nilgiris, Paniyans of Malabar: A Cheruman Skull, Kuruba Or Kurumba - Summary of Results. 81-206-1857-2.
  13. Book: 32. 1897. 2 March 2012. Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Press. Government Museum (Madras, India). The father was a typical Chinaman, whose only grievance was that, in the process of conversion to Christianity, he had been obliged to 'cut him tail off.' The mother was a typical Tamil Pariah of dusky hue. The colour of the children was more closely allied to the yellowish tint of the father than to the dark tint of the mother; and the semimongol parentage was betrayed in the slant eyes, flat nose, and (in one case) conspicuously prominent cheek-bones.To have recorded the entire series of measurements of the children would have been useless for the purpose of comparison with those of the parents, and I selected from my repertoire the length and breadth of the head and nose, which plainly indicate the paternal influence on the external anatomy of the offspring. The figures given in the table bring out very clearly the great breadth, as compared with the length of the heads of all the children, and the resultant high cephalic index. In other words, in one case a mesaticephalic (79), and, in the remaining three cases, a sub-brachycephalic head (80"1; 801 ; 82-4) has resulted from the union of a mesaticephalic Chinaman (78-5) with a sub-dolichocephalic Tamil Pariah (76"8). How great is the breadth of the head in the children may be emphasised by noting that the average head-breadth of the adult Tamil Pariah man is only 13"7 cm., whereas that of the three boys, aged ten, nine, and five only, was 14 3, 14, and 13"7 cm. respectively. Quite as strongly marked is the effect of paternal influence on the character of the nose; the nasal index, in the case of each child (68"1 ; 717; 727; 68'3), bearing a much closer relation to that of the long nosed father (71'7) than to the typical Pariah nasal index of the broadnosed mother (78-7). It will be interesting to note, hereafter, what is the future of the younger members of this quaint little colony, and to observe the physical characters, temperament, improvement or deterioration, fecundity, and other points relating to the cross-breed resulting from the union of Chinese and Tamil.. MADRAS. Bulletin ..., Volumes 2-3.
  14. Book: 32. 2004. 2 March 2012. Asian Educational Services. 2 . 1 . Bulletin (Government Museum (Madras, India)). Edgar Thurston. Badagas and Irulas of Nilgiris, Paniyans of Malabar: A Cheruman Skull, Kuruba Or Kurumba - Summary of Results. 81-206-1857-2.
  15. Book: 99. illustrated. 1987. 2 March 2012. Asian Educational Services. Edgar Thurston . K. Rangachari . The father was a typical Chinaman, whose only grievance was that, in the process of conversion to Christianity, he had been obliged to "cut him tail off." The mother was a typical dark-skinned Tamil paraiyan,. Castes and Tribes of Southern India. 81-206-0288-9.
  16. Book: 98. illustrated. 1987. 2 March 2012. Asian Educational Services. Edgar Thurston . K. Rangachari . Castes and Tribes of Southern India. 81-206-0288-9.
  17. Book: 99. illustrated. 1987. 2 March 2012. Asian Educational Services. Edgar Thurston . K. Rangachari . Castes and Tribes of Southern India. 9788120602885.
  18. Book: Government Museum (Madras, India). Note on tours along the Malabar coast. Superintendent, Government Press. 1897. 2-3. Bulletin, Government Museum (Madras, India). 31. 17 May 2014.
  19. Book: 31. 1894. 17 May 2014. Superintendent, Government Press. Government Museum (Madras, India). Bulletin, Volumes 1-2 .
  20. Book: 31. 1894. 17 May 2014. Madras : Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Press. 2. Government Museum (Madras, India). Bulletin .
  21. Book: 31. 1897. 17 May 2014. Madras. II. 1. Madras Government Museum Bulletin .
  22. Book: 273. 1954. 2 March 2012. A.K. Bose. Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai Bahadur). Thurston found the Chinese element to be predominant among the offspring as will be evident from his description. 'The mother was a typical dark-skinned Tamil Paraiyan. The colour of the children was more closely allied to the yellowish. Man in India, Volume 34, Issue 4.
  23. Book: 84. 1990. 2 March 2012. Punthi Pustak. Mahadeb Prasad Basu. Sarkar (1959) published a pedigree showing Tamil-Chinese-English crosses in a place located in the Nilgiris. Thurston (1909) mentioned an instance of a mating between a Chinese male with a Tamil Pariah female. Man (Deka 1954) described. An anthropological study of bodily height of Indian population. 9788185094335.
  24. Book: 272. 1954. 2 March 2012. A. K. Bose . (c) Tamil (female) and African (male) (Thurston 1909). (d) Tamil Pariah (female) and Chinese (male) (Thuston, 1909). (e) Andamanese (female) and UP Brahmin (male) (Portman 1899). (f) Andamanese (female) and Hindu (male) (Man, 1883).. Man in India, Volumes 34-35.
  25. Book: 272. 1954. 2 March 2012. A.K. Bose. Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai Bahadur). (c) Tamil (female) and African (male) (Thurston 1909). (d) Tamil Pariah (female) and Chinese (male) (Thuston, 1909). (e) Andamanese (female) and UP Brahmin (male) (Portman 1899). (f) Andamanese (female) and Hindu (male) (Man, 1883).. Man in India, Volume 34, Issue 4.
  26. Book: 100. illustrated. 1987. 2 March 2012. Asian Educational Services. Edgar Thurston . K. Rangachari . the remaining three cases, a sub-brachycephalic head (80-1 ; 80-1 ; 82-4) has resulted from the union of a mesaticephalic Chinaman (78•5) with a sub-dolichocephalic Tamil Paraiyan (76-8).. Castes and Tribes of Southern India. 81-206-0288-9.
  27. Book: 309. 1959. 2 March 2012. A. K. Bose. d: TAMIL-CHINESE CROSSES IN THE NILGIRIS, MADRAS. S. S. Sarkar* (Received on 21 September 1959) iURING May 1959, while working on the blood groups of the Kotas of the Nilgiri Hills in the village of Kokal in Gudalur, enquiries were made regarding the present position of the Tamil-Chinese cross described by Thurston (1909). It may be recalled here that Thurston reported the above cross resulting from the union of some Chinese convicts, deported from the Straits Settlement, and local Tamil Paraiyan. Man in India, Volume 39. Sarat Ch . ra Roy (Rai Bahadur) .
  28. Web site: Maps, Weather, and Airports for Naduvattam, India. 2022-01-10. www.fallingrain.com.
  29. Web site: Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional). https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. 2004-06-16. 2008-11-01. Census Commission of India.

External links

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