National Catholicism Explained
National Catholicism (Spanish: nacionalcatolicismo) was part of the ideological identity of Francoism, the political system through which the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco governed the Spanish State between 1939 and 1975.[1] Its most visible manifestation was the hegemony that the Catholic Church had in all aspects of public and private life.[1] As a symbol of the ideological divisions within Francoism, it can be contrasted to national syndicalism (Spanish: nacionalsindicalismo), an essential component of the ideology and political practice of the Falangists.
History
See also: First Francoism. The invention of the term is attributed to the Jesuit and historian Alfonso Álvarez Bolado, who gave the term a scientific nuance and whose articles were compiled by the publishing house Cuadernos para el Diálogo in 1976,[2] before, the term was used more informally. In France, a similar model of National Catholicism was advanced by the Fédération Nationale Catholique formed by General Édouard Castelnau.[3] Although it reached one million members in 1925, it was of short-lived significance, subsiding into obscurity by 1930.[4]
In Spain, the Francoist State initiated a project in 1943 to reform the university. It was called the University Regulatory Law (U.R.L.), which remained active until 1970.[5]
In the 1930s and 1940s, Ante Pavelić's Croatian Ustaše movement espoused a similar ideology,[6] although it has been called other names, including "political Catholicism" and "Catholic Croatism".[7] Other countries in central and eastern Europe where similar movements of Francoist inspiration combined Catholicism with nationalism include Austria, Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia.[8]
See also
References
- BOTTI, Alfonso, Nazionalcattolicesimo e Spagna nuova (1881–1975), Milano, Franco Angeli, 1992 (Spanish trans. Cielo y dinero. El nacionalcatolicismo en España (1881–1975), Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1992)
Further reading
- Book: Stanley G. Payne . Stanley G. Payne . Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview . https://books.google.com/books?id=JGoqcg22N4gC&pg=PA171 . 1984 . University of Wisconsin Press . 978-0-299-09804-9 . 7. National Catholicism.
Notes and References
- García-Fernández . Mónica . February 2022 . From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain . . . . 31 . 1, Special Issue: The Contemporary European History Prize . 2–14 . 10.1017/S0960777321000515 . free . 1469-2171.
- Book: Raguer . El experimento del nacionalcatolicismo, 1939-1975 . . 1976 . 547 . es.
- Book: Frank Tallett. Catholicism in Britain & France Since 1789. 2003. Continuum International Publishing Group. 978-1-85285-100-2. 152–154.
- Book: Maurice Larkin. Maurice Larkin. Religion, Politics and Preferment in France since 1890: La Belle Epoque and its Legacy. 2002. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-52270-0. 157.
- Book: Constructing Spanish Womanhood: Female Identity in Modern Spain . Victoria Lorée Enders . Pamela Beth Radcliff . SUNY Press . 1999 . 079144029X . 59 . Gender Relations in the Francoist University . https://books.google.com/books?id=QTjCtl-9XlAC&pg=PA59.
- Book: Stanley G. Payne. A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. 1996. University of Wisconsin Pres. 978-0-299-14873-7. 406.
- Book: John R. Lampe. Ideologies and National Identities: The Case of Twentieth-Century Southeastern Europe. 2004. Central European University Press. 978-963-9241-82-4. 102.
- Book: Stanley G. Payne. Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview. 1984. Univ of Wisconsin Press. 978-0-299-09804-9. xiii.
