New York University Grossman School of Medicine explained

NYU Grossman School of Medicine
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NYU Grossman School of Medicine is a medical school of New York University (NYU), a private research university in New York City. It was founded in 1841 and is one of two medical schools of the university, the other being the NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine.^{[1] [2]} Both are part of NYU Langone Health.

History

NYU Grossman School of Medicine was founded in 1841 as the Medical College of New York University,^[3] with an inaugural class of 239 students.^[4] Among the college's six original faculty members were renowned surgeon Valentine Mott and John Revere, son of patriot Paul Revere.^[5] In 1898, the Medical College of New York University consolidated with Bellevue Hospital Medical College, forming the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College of New York University.^[6]

In 1935, University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College was renamed New York University College of Medicine. In 1960, New York University College of Medicine was renamed New York University School of Medicine.

The faculty and alumni of NYU Grossman School of Medicine have contributed to the control of tuberculosis, diphtheria, yellow fever, and sexually transmitted infections, as well as the development of vaccines for measles, rubella, hepatitis B, polio, and cancer; advances in the treatment and prevention of stroke and heart disease; and the introduction of minimally invasive surgical techniques.^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]} In the early 1980s, clinicians and researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine working at NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue were among the first to identify an alarming increase in Kaposi's sarcoma, opportunistic infections, and immune system failure among young gay men, and alert health authorities to an imminent health catastrophe, soon to be known as HIV/AIDS.^[12]

NYU Grossman School of Medicine counts among its faculty and alumni four Nobel laureates:

• Otto Loewi (awarded 1936) who determined that the primary language of nerve cell communication is chemical rather than electrical^[13]
• Severo Ochoa (awarded 1959) who conducted landmark studies in biochemical genetics and nucleic acids^[14]
• Baruj Benacerraf (awarded 1980) who performed groundbreaking research on genetic regulation of the immune system^[15]
• Eric Kandel (awarded 2000) who discovered molecular processes that underlie learning and memory^[16]

In 2007, Robert I. Grossman, an internationally recognized distinguished neuroradiologist who had served as chair of NYU Langone Health’s Department of Radiology since 2001, was appointed the 15th Dean of NYU School of Medicine and CEO of NYU Medical Center, as they were then named.

In 2010, the school introduced the Curriculum for the 21st Century, or C21,a new curriculum that affords students earlier and more frequent interaction with patients and new learning pathways with more opportunities for specialized training in areas best suited to their interests.^[17]

In 2013, the school established an accelerated three-year M.D. pathway for select medical students to ease the financial burden of medical school and launch medical careers one year earlier than traditional students.^[18] The school became the first nationally ranked medical school in the U.S. to enable medical students to graduate in three years, providing a directed pathway into any one of twenty residency programs and accelerated entry into a variety of medical specialties.^{[19] [20]}

In 2018, the school implemented full-tuition scholarships for all current and future students in its M.D. degree program, making NYU Grossman School of Medicine the first top-ranked medical school in the nation to provide full-tuition scholarships to all of its students.

NYU Long Island Medicine

See main article: NYU Langone Hospital – Long Island. In 2019, NYU Langone Health partnered with NYU to form NYU Long Island School of Medicine, a new, three-year medical school located at NYU Langone Hospital – Long Island.^[21]

In 2019, the school was renamed NYU Grossman School of Medicine in honor of the educational achievements of Robert I. Grossman, the school's dean.^[22]

Academics

NYU Grossman School of Medicine has 29 academic departments in the clinical and basic sciences.^[23]

In addition to the medical degree, the School offers joint degree programs:

• MD/MPA in Health Policy and Management (with the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service)^[24]
• MD/MPH in Global Health^[25]
• MD/MS in Biomedical Informatics
• MD/MS in Translational Research^[26]
• MD/MBA in General Management (with the New York University Stern School of Business)
• MD/MA in Bioethics

The School offers programs in the basic medical sciences leading to a Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. at the Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences. The institute is named in honor of Jan T. Vilcek, M.D., Ph.D., professor emeritus of microbiology and a trustee of NYU Langone Health, who codeveloped the monoclonal antibody that is the basis for Remicade, a drug widely used to treat certain chronic inflammatory disorders.^{[27] [28]}

Milestones

• 1846: New York Academy of Medicine is founded by New York University Medical College faculty members Lewis Sayre, Gunning S. Bedford, and others^[29]
• 1854: Human dissection is legalized in New York State to make more cadavers available for medical study, due to lobbying efforts by John W. Draper, a cofounder of New York University Medical College and president of the medical faculty^{[30] [31]}
• 1865: Stephen Smith, a public health advocate directs fellow faculty members of New York University Medical College to conduct the most comprehensive health survey of an American city ever undertaken, leading to the establishment of New York City’s Metropolitan Board of Health, the first such public health agency in the U.S.^[32]
• 1904: U.S. Army Colonel William C. Gorgas, an 1879 alumnus of Bellevue Hospital Medical College, is appointed chief sanitary officer for the Panama Canal project, for which he implements measures that eradicate yellow fever and contain malaria, permitting construction to be completed^[33]
• 1907: Sara Josephine Baker, a faculty member of University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, leads efforts as New York City’s assistant commissioner of health to track down and quarantine “Typhoid Mary” Mallon, a domestic cook who, as an asymptomatic carrier of the disease, is the source of a deadly outbreak^[34]
• 1923: University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College graduates its first female medical students: Grace S. Goldberg, Ella M. Hediger, Helen Druhan O'Brien, Marion Robertson, Edith C. Rosenthal, and Anna Topper^[35]
• 1926: May Edward Chinn, is the first Black woman to receive a medical degree from University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College^[36]
• 1932: Department of Forensic Medicine, the first academic department of its kind in the U.S. is established at University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College. with Charles Norris, New York City's Chief Medical Examiner, as its chair^[37]
• 1935: University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College is renamed New York University College of Medicine
• 1945: "The Mission of a Medical School," a long-range plan for medical education, scientific research and patient care at New York University College of Medicine, is authored by faculty members Donal Sheehan, professor of anatomy and later dean, and Howard C. Taylor, Jr., professor of obstetrics and gynecology ^{[38] [39]}
• 1947: A site for a new Medical Center, consisting of the NYU School of Medicine, the Post-Graduate Medical School, University (now Tisch) Hospital, and the Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, is selected. The Institute of Industrial Medicine is established
• 1948: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the first comprehensive medical training program of its kind, is established at New York University College of Medicine. Its chair, Howard A. Rusk, draws on his experience treating wounded soldiers during World War II to develop a philosophy of caring for the patient as a whole person^[40]
• 1951: Department of Neurosurgery is established at New York University College of Medicine^[41]
• 1951: Homer W. Smith., professor of physiology at New York University College of Medicine, authors The Kidney: Structure and Function in Health and Disease, a definitive work on renal physiology^[42]
• 1954: Jonas Salk, a 1939 alumnus of New York University College of Medicine tests the first polio vaccine on more than one million school children, the largest public health experiment in U.S. history^[43]
• 1955: James A. Shannon, a 1929 alumnus and faculty member of New York University College of Medicine, is appointed director of the National Institutes of Health ^[44]
• 1957: Albert Sabin, a 1931 alumnus of University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, introduces the first live-virus vaccine against polio, an oral vaccine that effectively eliminates polio in the U.S. and dramatically reduces its impact worldwide
• 1958: Aubré de Lambert Maynard, a 1926 alumnus of University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College who serves as chief of surgery at Harlem Hospital Medical Center, is credited with saving the life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr after he was stabbed in the chest by a woman who was later diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia ^[45]
• 1960: New York University College of Medicine is renamed New York University School of Medicine
• 1960: Nina S. Braunwald, a 1952 alumna of New York University School of Medicine who is the first female cardiac surgeon in the U.S., performs the world’s first successful mitral valve replacement, using an artificial device of her own design and fabrication^[46]
• 1966: Frank C. Spencer is appointed the George David Stewart Professor of Surgery and chair of the Department of Surgery at New York University School of Medicine, where he develops techniques, such as coronary artery bypass grafting, that help lay the foundation for modern-day cardiac surgery ^[47]
• 1975: One of the first designated national cancer centers is established at NYU, later named the Rita and Stanley H. Kaplan Center.
• 1982: Linda Laubenstein, a 1973 alumna and clinical professor medicine at New York University School of Medicine, and Alvin E. Friedman-Kien, professor of dermatology and microbiology, coauthor the first paper published in a medical journal (The Lancet) linking HIV/AIDS to cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma, a previously rare skin cancer that would become an AIDS-defining illness.^[48]
• 1989: Jan Vilček., professor of microbiology, and Junming Le, adjunct associate professor of microbiology, at New York University School of Medicine develop the monoclonal antibody that is the basis for Remicade, a potent biologic drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disease^[49]
• 1989: Plastic surgeons at New York University School of Medicine perform the first craniofacial distraction, a procedure that strategically cuts and rebuilds facial bones to restore their anatomy^[50]
• 1989: Frank H. Netter, a 1931 alumnus of University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, publishes the Atlas of Human Anatomy^[51]
• 1992: NYU Medical Center opens Women's Health Services under the auspices of the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Radiology.
• 1993: The School of Medicine's Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine is opened as an uncompromising commitment to the advancement and understanding of molecular approaches for the treatment of various important diseases.
• 1995: The Sir Harold Acton Society is established to recognize donors of $1 million or more.^{[52] [53]}
• 2001: Charles Hirsch, chair of the Department of Forensic Medicine at New York University School of Medicine and Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York, establishes a temporary morgue at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, then coordinates the largest number of post-mortem examinations in history, cataloguing some 22,000 individual human remains and identifying about 60% of the 2,753 victims^{[54] [55]}
• 2004: The NYU Clinical Cancer Center is opened (now called NYU Langone Health Perlmutter Cancer Center), an NCI-Designated comprehensive cancer center.^[56]
• 2004: The Nobel Prize for Chemistry is awarded to the distinguished NYU adjunct faculty member Avram Hershko for his seminal discovery of the ubiquitin system in protein degradation.
• 2006: Hospital for Joint Diseases merges with NYU Medical Center and is renamed the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases.^[57]
• 2006: The School of Medicine's Joan and Joel Smilow Research Center is opened to house 4 major programmatic areas: Cancer, Pathology, Dermatology/Cutaneous Biology, and Cardiovascular Biology.
• 2010: New York University School of Medicine launches a Curriculum for the 21st Century, or C21, affording students earlier and more frequent interaction with patients and new learning pathways with more opportunities for specialized training in areas best suited to their interests.
• 2013: New York University School of Medicine establishes an accelerated three-year M.D. pathway for select medical students.
• 2014: Physicians from New York University School of Medicine care for New York City’s first and only Ebola patient at Bellevue Hospital.^[58] Craig Spencer, a 33-year-old emergency medicine physician at New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, receives a range of experimental treatments and after being declared free of the virus, is discharged on November 11 after 19 days
• 2015: A team of surgeons from New York University School of Medicine perform the most extensive face transplant in history ^[59]
• 2018: New York University School of Medicine implements full-tuition scholarships for all current and future students in its M.D. degree program, becoming the first top-ranked medical school in the nation to provide full-tuition scholarships to all of its students
• 2019: NYU Langone Health partnered with NYU to form NYU Long Island School of Medicine, a new, three-year medical school located at NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island.
• 2019: New York University School of Medicine is renamed NYU Grossman School of Medicine in honor of the educational achievements of Dean Robert I. Grossman
• 2019: Judith S. Hockman, the Harold Snyder Family Professor of Cardiology and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, presents the results of an international finding that for patients with stable ischemic coronary disease, an invasive treatment strategy (stenting) significantly outperformed a conservative approach in controlling chest pain (angina), but it offered no advantage in preventing cardiovascular-related death, heart attack, hospitalization for unstable angina or health failure, or resuscitation after cardiac arrest^[60]
• 2020: A team surgeons from NYU Grossman School of Medicine, led by Eduardo D. Rodriguez, the Helen L. Kimmel Professor of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and chair of the Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, performs the world’s first successful face and double hand transplant. ^[61] The patient, 22-year-old Joseph DiMeo, had suffered severe burns in a car accident^[62]
• 2021: NYU Grossman School of Medicine is selected by the National Institute of Health (NIH) to be the Clinical Science Core of the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative, a project aimed at understanding the long-term effects of COVID-19 to help develop new approaches to diagnosis and treatment.^[63] The School’s award of more than $450 million is the largest NIH grant in its history and one of the largest grants in NIH history
• 2022: Department of Radiology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine introduces video radiology reports to help patients understand the key clinical findings of their imaging exams, the first such reports made widely available to patients in a U.S. health system ^[64]

Notable people

See main article: List of deans and notable people at the NYU School of Medicine.

External links

• NYU Medical Center / School of Medicine

Notes and References

1. Web site: Genn . Adina . 2023-07-21 . Langones give $200M gift to NYU Long Island School of Medicine Long Island Business News . 2024-02-29 . en-US.
2. News: Fein. Esther B.. 1998-01-25. After Earlier Failure, N.Y.U. and Mount Sinai Medical Centers to Merge. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-03-19. 0362-4331.
3. Web site: 30-05 New York University Medical College, 1841-1897 Archives at Yale . 2024-03-07 . archives.yale.edu.
4. Web site: NYU Langone Health History . Lillian & Clarence de la Chappelle Medical Archives.
5. Book: Chamberlain . Joshua Lawrence . New York university; its history, influence, equipment and characteristics, with biographical sketches and portraits of founders, benefactors, officers and alumni; . MacCracken . Henry Mitchell . Sihler . E. G. (Ernest Gottlieb) . Johnson . Willis Fletcher . 1901 . Boston : R. Herndon Company . Cornell University Library.
6. Web site: New York University. College of Medicine Archives at Yale . 2024-03-07 . archives.yale.edu.
7. Web site: Reports . Staff . HEART OF THE MATTER . 2024-05-09 . Gaston Gazette . en-US.
8. Web site: Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin . 2024-05-09 . Science History Institute . en-US.
9. Web site: Screen for Latent TB Infection, USPSTF Says . MedPageToday.
10. Web site: Admin . 2015-01-28 . Major Walter Reed and the Eradication of Yellow Fever . 2024-03-20 . The Army Historical Foundation . en-US.
11. Web site: 2017-08-14 . Stanley Alan Plotkin (1932–) The Embryo Project Encyclopedia . 2024-04-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170814200114/https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/stanley-alan-plotkin-1932 . 2017-08-14 .
12. Web site: Tanne . Janice Hopkins . 2008-08-12 . On the Front Lines Against the AIDS Epidemic -- New York Magazine - Nymag . 2024-04-05 . New York Magazine . en.
13. Web site: Loewi, Otto - Biography ° Gedenken und Erinnern, DGIM . 2024-05-30 . www.dgim-history.de.
14. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 . 2024-05-30 . NobelPrize.org . en-US.
15. Web site: Baruj Benacerraf M.D. . American Associations of Immunologists.
16. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 . 2024-05-30 . NobelPrize.org . en-US.
17. Web site: NYU School of Medicine Requirements, Tuition, and More – Kaplan Test Prep . 2024-05-09 . en-US.
18. Web site: Med school in 3 years: Is this the future of medical education? . 2024-05-30 . AAMC . en.
19. Web site: A Guide to Accelerated, 3-Year Medical Schools . U.S. News & World Report.
20. Cangiarella . Joan . Cohen . Elisabeth . Rivera . Rafael . Gillespie . Colleen . Abramson . Steven . 2020 . Evolution of an Accelerated 3-Year Pathway to the MD Degree: The Experience of New York University Grossman School of Medicine . Academic Medicine . en-US . 95 . 4 . 534–539 . 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003013 . 1040-2446 . 31577593 . free.
21. News: Korn. Melissa. 2019-02-19. NYU to Open New Medical School on Long Island. en-US. Wall Street Journal. 2021-10-27. 0099-9660.
22. Web site: Tullman . Anya . 2019-11-11 . NYU medical school renamed after Robert Grossman, Penn Medicine alum and former prof. . 2021-03-24 . The Daily Pennsylvanian . en-us.
23. Web site: NYU Grossman School of Medicine . Gotouniversity.com.
24. Web site: Study Doctor of Medicine (MD) / MPA in Health Policy and Management at New York University in the USA, School of Medicine . 2024-07-22 . www.hotcoursesabroad.com . en.
25. Web site: NYU Medical School Admissions Profile and Analysis . 2024-07-22 . topmedicalschools.admissionsconsultants.com.
26. Harnik . Vicky . Abramson . Steven B. . Cangiarella . Joan . Rosenfeld . Mel . New York University Grossman School of Medicine . Academic Medicine . en-US . 95 . 9S . S358 . 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003451 . 1040-2446.
27. Web site: Grapevine Magazine NYU Grossman School of Medicine Winter 2021: Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences Named for Scientist and Philanthropist Jan Vilcek . 2024-07-22 . grapevine.mydigitalpublication.comhttps . en-US.
28. Web site: admin . 2021-12-15 . MD-PhD Dual Degree Programs List and Information in 2023 . 2024-07-22 . Premed Plug . en-US.
29. News: A Century of Doctors; THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE: Its First Hundred Years. By Philip Van Ingen. Illustrated . The New York Times . 31 July 1949 .
30. Book: Sappol, Michael . A Traffic of Dead Bodies: Anatomy and Embodied Social Identity in Nineteenth-Century America . 2018-06-05 . Princeton University Press . 978-0-691-18614-6 . en.
31. News: Bernstein . Nina . 2016-05-15 . Unearthing the Secrets of New York's Mass Graves . 2024-03-14 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
32. Web site: nyamhistory . 2020-11-05 . Stephen Smith, MD, New York Pioneer of Public Health . 2024-03-14 . Books, Health and History . en.
33. Web site: 2020-03-26 . William Gorgas, 1854-1920 . 2024-04-12 . Contagion - CURIOSity Digital Collections . en.
34. Web site: Outwitting "Typhoid Mary" - Hektoen International . 2024-06-13 . hekint.org . en-US.
35. Web site: Great Strides: Celebrating Women in Medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center . Medical Archives.
36. Web site: Changing the Face of Medicine: Celebrating America's Women Physicians ALA . 2024-08-01 . www.ala.org . en.
37. Web site: 2022-04-26 . Dr Charles Norris . 2024-03-29 . geni_family_tree . en-US.
38. Book: The Mission of a Medical School . NYU Press . 1950.
39. News: 1964-07-20 . Dr. Donal Sheehan, 56, a Leader Of N.Y.U. Medical Center, Dies; Professor of Education and Former Dean Stricken on Study Trip to England . 2024-06-13 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
40. Web site: Howard Rusk Medical Rehabilitation, Disability Prevention & Physician-Scientist Britannica . 2024-03-29 . www.britannica.com . en.
41. Web site: About the Department of Neurosurgery . 2024-06-27 . NYU Langone Health . en.
42. 1952. The Kidney: Structure and Function in Health and Disease . Postgraduate Medical Journal . 28 . 317 . 191–192 . 10.1136/pgmj.28.317.191-b . 0032-5473 . 2530670.
43. Web site: 2016-06-01 . Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce Sabin . 2021-10-29 . Science History Institute . en.
44. Web site: toddviola . 2014-01-15 . James A. Shannon The Franklin Institute . 2024-07-08 . fi.edu . en.
45. Web site: Profiles in Freedom: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, Dr. Aubre Maynard, and Yun Gee Museum of the City of New York . 2024-08-01 . www.mcny.org . en.
46. Web site: "It Will Work": The Story of Nina Starr Braunwald and the First Successful Mitral Valve Replacement . The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.
47. News: 1965-11-23 . N.Y.U. Fills Medical School Chair . 2024-07-08 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
48. News: Linda Laubenstein, 45, Physician And Leader in Detection of AIDS . The New York Times . 17 August 1992 . Lambert . Bruce .
49. News: Manhattan Drug Research Benefits . The New York Times . 8 May 2007 . Arenson . Karen W. .
50. Andrade . Neelam . Gandhewar . Trupti . Kalra . Rinku . 2011 . Development and evolution of distraction devices: Use of indigenous appliances for Distraction Osteogenesis-An overview . Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery . 1 . 1 . 58–65 . 10.4103/2231-0746.83159 . free . 2231-0746 . 3591036 . 23482829.
51. Netter . Francine Mary . Friedlaender . Gary E. . 2014. Frank H. Netter MD and a Brief History of Medical Illustration . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research . 472 . 3 . 812–819 . 10.1007/s11999-013-3459-8 . 0009-921X . 3916597 . 24435714.
52. http://www.nyu.edu/giving/donor-recognition/our-donors/acton-society/ "The Sir Harold Acton Society."
53. Web site: Acton Society Adds New Million–Dollar Donors. Global Health Nexus spring 2007. NYU College of Dentistry. 23 March 2012.
54. News: Roberts . Sam . 2016-04-11 . Charles S. Hirsch, New York's Chief Medical Examiner on 9/11, Dies at 79 . 2024-06-13 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
55. News: Barry . Dan . 2002-07-14 . At Morgue, Ceaselessly Sifting 9/11 Traces . 2024-06-13 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
56. Web site: 2019-03-25. NCI Designates Comprehensive Cancer Center Status to NYU Perlmutter. 2021-10-29. The ASCO Post.
57. Web site: 2017-07-24. Why NYU Langone Medical Center just changed its name. 2021-11-01. Advisory Board. en.
58. News: Hartocollis . Anemona . 2014-11-10 . Craig Spencer, New York Doctor With Ebola, Will Leave Bellevue Hospital . 2024-08-01 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
59. News: 2023-12-19 . A life transformed: The most comprehensive face transplant to date . 2024-08-16 . Washington Post . en-US . 0190-8286.
60. Web site: 2021-03-25 . Judith S. Hochman, M.D., M.A. NHLBI, NIH . 2024-05-13 . www.nhlbi.nih.gov . en.
61. Web site: Man undergoes 1st successful face, double hand transplant from same donor . 2024-06-25 . ABC News . en.
62. Web site: [e-mail] . Lynzie Lowe / . 2018-11-29 . Historic surgery for local man . 2024-06-25 . Appeal-Democrat . en.
63. Web site: Study of up to 40,000 people will probe mysteries of Long Covid . science.org.
64. Web site: Video radiology reports add value, improve patient care . 2024-05-13 . radiologybusiness.com . en.