Neurotrophin-4 Explained

Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4),^[1] also known as neurotrophin-5 (NT-5), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTF4 gene.^[2] It is a neurotrophic factor that signals predominantly through the TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase.^{[3] [4]} NT-4 was first discovered and isolated from xenopus and viper in the year 1991 by Finn Hallbook et.al^[5]

See also

• Tropomyosin receptor kinase B § Agonists

Further reading

• Childs AJ, Bayne RA, Murray AA, Martins Da Silva SJ, Collins CS, Spears N, Anderson RA . Differential expression and regulation by activin of the neurotrophins BDNF and NT4 during human and mouse ovarian development . Developmental Dynamics . 239 . 4 . 1211–1219 . April 2010 . 20175187 . 3410523 . 10.1002/dvdy.22252 .
• Vithana EN, Nongpiur ME, Venkataraman D, Chan SH, Mavinahalli J, Aung T . Identification of a novel mutation in the NTF4 gene that causes primary open-angle glaucoma in a Chinese population . Molecular Vision . 16 . 1640–1645 . August 2010 . 20806036 . 2927376 .
• Truzzi F, Marconi A, Lotti R, Dallaglio K, French LE, Hempstead BL, Pincelli C . Neurotrophins and their receptors stimulate melanoma cell proliferation and migration . The Journal of Investigative Dermatology . 128 . 8 . 2031–2040 . August 2008 . 18305571 . 10.1038/jid.2008.21 . free .
• Harel S, Jin S, Fisch B, Feldberg D, Krissi H, Felz C, Freimann S, Tan SL, Ao A, Abir R . 6 . Tyrosine kinase B receptor and its activated neurotrophins in ovaries from human fetuses and adults . Molecular Human Reproduction . 12 . 6 . 357–365 . June 2006 . 16648150 . 10.1093/molehr/gal033 . free .
• Ribasés M, Hervás A, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Bosch R, Bielsa A, Gastaminza X, Fernández-Anguiano M, Nogueira M, Gómez-Barros N, Valero S, Gratacòs M, Estivill X, Casas M, Cormand B, Bayés M . 6 . Association study of 10 genes encoding neurotrophic factors and their receptors in adult and child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Biological Psychiatry . 63 . 10 . 935–945 . May 2008 . 18179783 . 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.11.004 . 15820930 .
• Chen ZY, Ieraci A, Teng H, Dall H, Meng CX, Herrera DG, Nykjaer A, Hempstead BL, Lee FS . 6 . Sortilin controls intracellular sorting of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the regulated secretory pathway . The Journal of Neuroscience . 25 . 26 . 6156–6166 . June 2005 . 15987945 . 1201519 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1017-05.2005 .
• Pasutto F, Matsumoto T, Mardin CY, Sticht H, Brandstätter JH, Michels-Rautenstrauss K, Weisschuh N, Gramer E, Ramdas WD, van Koolwijk LM, Klaver CC, Vingerling JR, Weber BH, Kruse FE, Rautenstrauss B, Barde YA, Reis A . 6 . Heterozygous NTF4 mutations impairing neurotrophin-4 signaling in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma . American Journal of Human Genetics . 85 . 4 . 447–456 . October 2009 . 19765683 . 2756554 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.016 .
• Ibáñez CF . Neurotrophin-4: the odd one out in the neurotrophin family . Neurochemical Research . 21 . 7 . 787–793 . July 1996 . 8873083 . 10.1007/BF02532301 . 10824679 .
• Nalbandian A, Pang AL, Rennert OM, Chan WY, Ravindranath N, Djakiew D . A novel function of differentiation revealed by cDNA microarray profiling of p75NTR-regulated gene expression . Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity . 73 . 8 . 385–396 . October 2005 . 16316409 . 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2005.00040.x .
• Liu Y, Liu W, Crooks K, Schmidt S, Allingham RR, Hauser MA . No evidence of association of heterozygous NTF4 mutations in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma . American Journal of Human Genetics . 86 . 3 . 498–9; author reply 500 . March 2010 . 20215012 . 2833375 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.11.018 .
• Götz R, Schartl M . The conservation of neurotrophic factors during vertebrate evolution . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology . 108 . 1 . 1–10 . May 1994 . 8061955 . 10.1016/1367-8280(94)90082-5 .
• Gratacòs M, Escaramís G, Bustamante M, Saus E, Agüera Z, Bayés M, Cellini E, de Cid R, Fernández-Aranda F, Forcano L, González JR, Gorwood P, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, Mercader JM, Nacmias B, Ramoz N, Ribasés M, Ricca V, Romo L, Sorbi S, Versini A, Estivill X . 6 . Role of the neurotrophin network in eating disorders' subphenotypes: body mass index and age at onset of the disease . Journal of Psychiatric Research . 44 . 13 . 834–840 . October 2010 . 20219210 . 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.009 .
• Chakrabarti B, Dudbridge F, Kent L, Wheelwright S, Hill-Cawthorne G, Allison C, Banerjee-Basu S, Baron-Cohen S . 6 . Genes related to sex steroids, neural growth, and social-emotional behavior are associated with autistic traits, empathy, and Asperger syndrome . Autism Research . 2 . 3 . 157–177 . June 2009 . 19598235 . 10.1002/aur.80 . 18239947 .
• Mizuno N, Shiba H, Inui T, Takeda K, Kajiya M, Hasegawa N, Kawaguchi H, Kurihara H . 6 . Effect of neurotrophin-4/5 on bone/cementum-related protein expressions and DNA synthesis in cultures of human periodontal ligament cells . Journal of Periodontology . 79 . 11 . 2182–2189 . November 2008 . 18980528 . 10.1902/jop.2008.070402 .
• Rao KN, Kaur I, Parikh RS, Mandal AK, Chandrasekhar G, Thomas R, Chakrabarti S . Variations in NTF4, VAV2, and VAV3 genes are not involved with primary open-angle and primary angle-closure glaucomas in an indian population . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science . 51 . 10 . 4937–4941 . October 2010 . 20463313 . 10.1167/iovs.10-5553 .
• Gratacòs M, Costas J, de Cid R, Bayés M, González JR, Baca-García E, de Diego Y, Fernández-Aranda F, Fernández-Piqueras J, Guitart M, Martín-Santos R, Martorell L, Menchón JM, Roca M, Sáiz-Ruiz J, Sanjuán J, Torrens M, Urretavizcaya M, Valero J, Vilella E, Estivill X, Carracedo A . 6 . Identification of new putative susceptibility genes for several psychiatric disorders by association analysis of regulatory and non-synonymous SNPs of 306 genes involved in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment . American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics . 150B . 6 . 808–816 . September 2009 . 19086053 . 10.1002/ajmg.b.30902 . 44524739 . free .
• Mercader JM, Saus E, Agüera Z, Bayés M, Boni C, Carreras A, Cellini E, de Cid R, Dierssen M, Escaramís G, Fernández-Aranda F, Forcano L, Gallego X, González JR, Gorwood P, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, Nacmias B, Puig A, Ribasés M, Ricca V, Romo L, Sorbi S, Versini A, Gratacòs M, Estivill X . 6 . Association of NTRK3 and its interaction with NGF suggest an altered cross-regulation of the neurotrophin signaling pathway in eating disorders . Human Molecular Genetics . 17 . 9 . 1234–1244 . May 2008 . 18203754 . 10.1093/hmg/ddn013 . free . free . 10230/16493 .
• Walz JC, Magalhães PV, Giglio LM, Cunha AB, Stertz L, Fries GR, Andreazza AC, Kapczinski F . 6 . Increased serum neurotrophin-4/5 levels in bipolar disorder . Journal of Psychiatric Research . 43 . 7 . 721–723 . April 2009 . 19081579 . 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.10.005 . 7379020 .
• Prakash YS, Iyanoye A, Ay B, Mantilla CB, Pabelick CM . Neurotrophin effects on intracellular Ca2+ and force in airway smooth muscle . American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology . 291 . 3 . L447–L456 . September 2006 . 16648236 . 10.1152/ajplung.00501.2005 .

Notes and References

1. Ibáñez CF, Ernfors P, Timmusk T, Ip NY, Arenas E, Yancopoulos GD, Persson H . Neurotrophin-4 is a target-derived neurotrophic factor for neurons of the trigeminal ganglion . Development . 117 . 4 . 1345–1353 . April 1993 . 8404536 . 10.1242/dev.117.4.1345 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: neurotrophin 4.
3. Klein R, Lamballe F, Bryant S, Barbacid M . The trkB tyrosine protein kinase is a receptor for neurotrophin-4 . Neuron . 8 . 5 . 947–956 . May 1992 . 1375038 . 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90209-v . 9772551 .
4. Ip NY, Stitt TN, Tapley P, Klein R, Glass DJ, Fandl J, Greene LA, Barbacid M, Yancopoulos GD . 6 . Similarities and differences in the way neurotrophins interact with the Trk receptors in neuronal and nonneuronal cells . Neuron . 10 . 2 . 137–149 . February 1993 . 7679912 . 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90306-c . 46072027 .
5. Hallböök F, Ibáñez CF, Persson H . Evolutionary studies of the nerve growth factor family reveal a novel member abundantly expressed in Xenopus ovary . Neuron . 6 . 5 . 845–858 . May 1991 . 2025430 . 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90180-8 . 17772282 .