NOL12 explained

Nucleolar protein 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOL12 gene.^{[1] [2]} Human NOL12 has been shown to localize in the nucleolus and regulate nucleolar structure and homeostasis by maintaining the levels of multi-functional fibrillarin and nucleolin proteins. Its deficiency leads to p53 activation resulting in G2 arrest of cell. Nol12 or hNol12 drives p53 induced cell senescence suggesting its important role in aging.^[3] Human Nol12 is also required for ribosome maturation and genome integrity.^[4]

Nol12 Family

Human Nol12 belongs to family of proteins known as ribosomal binding proteins RBPs. The human members have equivalents in different species. Its homologue in Drosophila melanogaster is called Viriato which is involved in eye and nervous system development and without Viriato, Drosophila melanogaster eye development fails. Loss of also Viriato resulted in cell proliferation, developmental delays and apoptosis.^{[5] [6]} hNOL12 homologue in rats is known as Nop25 and is responsible for nucleolar structure and integrity.^[7] Its yeast homologue has been named as Rrp17 which has been shown to possess 5′-3′ exonuclease activity and is involved in ribosome biogenesis.^[8]

Further reading

• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M . 7827573 . Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks . Cell . 127 . 3 . 635–48 . November 2006 . 17081983 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . free .
• Nousiainen M, Silljé HH, Sauer G, Nigg EA, Körner R . Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 103 . 14 . 5391–6 . April 2006 . 16565220 . 1459365 . 10.1073/pnas.0507066103 . 2006PNAS..103.5391N . free .
• Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I . 6 . A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome . Genome Biology . 5 . 10 . R84 . 2005 . 15461802 . 545604 . 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 . free .
• Collins JE, Goward ME, Cole CG, Smink LJ, Huckle EJ, Knowles S, Bye JM, Beare DM, Dunham I . 6 . Reevaluating human gene annotation: a second-generation analysis of chromosome 22 . Genome Research . 13 . 1 . 27–36 . January 2003 . 12529303 . 430954 . 10.1101/gr.695703 .
• Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP . 6 . The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 . Nature . 402 . 6761 . 489–95 . December 1999 . 10591208 . 10.1038/990031 . 1999Natur.402..489D . free .

Notes and References

1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA . 6 . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . December 2002 . 12477932 . 139241 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: NOL12 nucleolar protein 12.
3. Pinho M, Macedo JC, Logarinho E, Pereira PS . NOL12 Repression Induces Nucleolar Stress-Driven Cellular Senescence and Is Associated with Normative Aging . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 39 . 12 . June 2019 . 30988155 . 6549468 . 10.1128/MCB.00099-19 .
4. Scott DD, Trahan C, Zindy PJ, Aguilar LC, Delubac MY, Van Nostrand EL, Adivarahan S, Wei KE, Yeo GW, Zenklusen D, Oeffinger M . 6 . Nol12 is a multifunctional RNA binding protein at the nexus of RNA and DNA metabolism . Nucleic Acids Research . 45 . 21 . 12509–12528 . December 2017 . 29069457 . 10.1093/nar/gkx963 . 5716212 . free .
5. Marinho J, Martins T, Neto M, Casares F, Pereira PS . The nucleolar protein Viriato/Nol12 is required for the growth and differentiation progression activities of the Dpp pathway during Drosophila eye development . Developmental Biology . 377 . 1 . 154–65 . May 2013 . 23416177 . 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.02.003 . free . 10316/26860 . free .
6. Marinho J, Casares F, Pereira PS . 18287789 . The Drosophila Nol12 homologue viriato is a dMyc target that regulates nucleolar architecture and is required for dMyc-stimulated cell growth . Development . 138 . 2 . 349–57 . January 2011 . 21177347 . 10.1242/dev.054411 . free . 10261/41278 . free .
7. Suzuki S, Fujiwara T, Kanno M . Nucleolar protein Nop25 is involved in nucleolar architecture . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 358 . 4 . 1114–9 . July 2007 . 17524363 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.069 .
8. Oeffinger M, Zenklusen D, Ferguson A, Wei KE, El Hage A, Tollervey D, Chait BT, Singer RH, Rout MP . 6 . Rrp17p is a eukaryotic exonuclease required for 5' end processing of Pre-60S ribosomal RNA . Molecular Cell . 36 . 5 . 768–81 . December 2009 . 20005841 . 2806520 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.11.011 .