NOD1 explained
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is a protein receptor that in humans is encoded by the NOD1 gene.[1] [2] It recognizes bacterial molecules and stimulates an immune reaction .[3]
NOD1 protein contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). NOD1 is a member of NOD-like receptor protein family and is a close relative of NOD2. NOD1 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, which is similar in structure to resistant proteins of plants, and mediates innate and acquired immunity by recognizing molecules containing D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) moiety, including bacterial peptidoglycan. Nod1 interacts with RIPK2 through the CARDs of both molecules (See the structure of the NOD1 CARD in the right panel). Stimulation of NOD1 by iE-DAP containing molecules results in activation of the transcription factor NF-κB.
Further reading
- Martinon F, Tschopp J . NLRs join TLRs as innate sensors of pathogens . Trends in Immunology . 26 . 8 . 447–54 . August 2005 . 15967716 . 10.1016/j.it.2005.06.004 .
- Strober W, Murray PJ, Kitani A, Watanabe T . Signalling pathways and molecular interactions of NOD1 and NOD2 . Nature Reviews. Immunology . 6 . 1 . 9–20 . January 2006 . 16493424 . 10.1038/nri1747 . 33505741 .
- Inohara N, Koseki T, Lin J, del Peso L, Lucas PC, Chen FF, Ogura Y, Núñez G . An induced proximity model for NF-kappa B activation in the Nod1/RICK and RIP signaling pathways . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 36 . 27823–31 . September 2000 . 10880512 . 10.1074/jbc.M003415200 . free .
- Inohara N, Ogura Y, Chen FF, Muto A, Nuñez G . Human Nod1 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharides . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 4 . 2551–4 . January 2001 . 11058605 . 10.1074/jbc.M009728200 . free .
- Chu ZL, Pio F, Xie Z, Welsh K, Krajewska M, Krajewski S, Godzik A, Reed JC . A novel enhancer of the Apaf1 apoptosome involved in cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation and apoptosis . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 12 . 9239–45 . March 2001 . 11113115 . 10.1074/jbc.M006309200 . free .
- Yoo NJ, Park WS, Kim SY, Reed JC, Son SG, Lee JY, Lee SH . Nod1, a CARD protein, enhances pro-interleukin-1beta processing through the interaction with pro-caspase-1 . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 299 . 4 . 652–8 . December 2002 . 12459189 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02714-6 .
- Matsuda A, Suzuki Y, Honda G, Muramatsu S, Matsuzaki O, Nagano Y, Doi T, Shimotohno K, Harada T, Nishida E, Hayashi H, Sugano S . Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways . Oncogene . 22 . 21 . 3307–18 . May 2003 . 12761501 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206406 . 38880905 .
- Stehlik C, Hayashi H, Pio F, Godzik A, Reed JC . CARD6 is a modulator of NF-kappa B activation by Nod1- and Cardiak-mediated pathways . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 34 . 31941–9 . August 2003 . 12775719 . 10.1074/jbc.M300009200 . free .
- Girardin SE, Boneca IG, Carneiro LA, Antignac A, Jéhanno M, Viala J, Tedin K, Taha MK, Labigne A, Zähringer U, Coyle AJ, DiStefano PS, Bertin J, Sansonetti PJ, Philpott DJ . Nod1 detects a unique muropeptide from gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan . Science . 300 . 5625 . 1584–7 . June 2003 . 12791997 . 10.1126/science.1084677 . 2003Sci...300.1584G . 1320864 .
- Hisamatsu T, Suzuki M, Podolsky DK . Interferon-gamma augments CARD4/NOD1 gene and protein expression through interferon regulatory factor-1 in intestinal epithelial cells . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 35 . 32962–8 . August 2003 . 12813035 . 10.1074/jbc.M304355200 . free.
- Girardin SE, Travassos LH, Hervé M, Blanot D, Boneca IG, Philpott DJ, Sansonetti PJ, Mengin-Lecreulx D . Peptidoglycan molecular requirements allowing detection by Nod1 and Nod2 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 43 . 41702–8 . October 2003 . 12871942 . 10.1074/jbc.M307198200 . free .
- Kim JG, Lee SJ, Kagnoff MF . Nod1 is an essential signal transducer in intestinal epithelial cells infected with bacteria that avoid recognition by toll-like receptors . Infection and Immunity . 72 . 3 . 1487–95 . March 2004 . 14977954 . 356064 . 10.1128/IAI.72.3.1487-1495.2004 .
- Damiano JS, Oliveira V, Welsh K, Reed JC . Heterotypic interactions among NACHT domains: implications for regulation of innate immune responses . The Biochemical Journal . 381 . Pt 1 . 213–9 . July 2004 . 15107016 . 1133779 . 10.1042/BJ20031506 .
Notes and References
- Bertin J, Nir WJ, Fischer CM, Tayber OV, Errada PR, Grant JR, Keilty JJ, Gosselin ML, Robison KE, Wong GH, Glucksmann MA, DiStefano PS . Human CARD4 protein is a novel CED-4/Apaf-1 cell death family member that activates NF-kappaB . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 19 . 12955–8 . May 1999 . 10224040 . 10.1074/jbc.274.19.12955 . free .
- Inohara N, Koseki T, del Peso L, Hu Y, Yee C, Chen S, Carrio R, Merino J, Liu D, Ni J, Núñez G . Nod1, an Apaf-1-like activator of caspase-9 and nuclear factor-kappaB . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 21 . 14560–7 . May 1999 . 10329646 . 10.1074/jbc.274.21.14560 . free .
- Mahla RS, Reddy MC, Prasad DV, Kumar H . Sweeten PAMPs: Role of Sugar Complexed PAMPs in Innate Immunity and Vaccine Biology . Frontiers in Immunology . 4 . 248 . September 2013 . 24032031 . 3759294 . 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00248 . free .