National Highways Authority of India explained

Map:India roadway map.svg
Formation: (Act 1988)
Type:Government Agency
Status:Active
Purpose:Development and maintenance of National Highways and Expressways.
Headquarters:Sector-10, Dwarka, Delhi
Language:English and Hindi
Ministers Responsible:Nitin Gadkari
Leader Title:Chairman
Leader Name:Santosh Kumar Yadav (IAS)
Leader Title2:Member (Finance)
Leader Name2:N.R.V.V.M.K. Rajendra Kumar
Leader Title3:Member (Projects)
Leader Name3:V. K. Rajawat
Leader Title4:Member (Technical)
Leader Name4:Alok Deepankar
Main Organ:Board of directors[1]
Budget: (2023-24 est.)
National Highways Authority of India
Native Name:भारतीय राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग प्राधिकरण
Native Name Lang:hi
Size:200px
Msize:200px
Mcaption:India National Highways Map
Abbreviation:NHAI
Region Served: India
Parent Organisation:Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India
Sister Agency:NHIDCL

The National Highways Authority of India or NHAI (Hindi: भारतीय राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग प्राधिकरण|translit=Bhāratīya Rāṣṭrīya Rājmārg Prādhikaraṇ|translit-std=ISO) is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in 1995 (Act 1988) and is responsible for management of a road network of over 50,000 km of National highways out of 1,32,499 km in India.[2] It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). NHAI has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for satellite mapping of highways.[3]

History

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was created through the promulgation of the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. Section 16(1) of the Act states that the function of NHAI is to develop, maintain and manage the national highways and any other highways vested in, or entrusted to, it by the Government of India. On 10 February 1995, NHAI came into operations and was formally made an autonomous body.[4] It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways, totalling over 92851.05km (57,694.97miles) in length.[5] The NHAI is also responsible of the toll collection on several highways.[6] Yogendra Narain was the first Chairman of NHAI in 1988. He is a retired IAS officer of Uttar Pradesh cadre. In June 2022, the NHAI created a Guinness World record by building 75 km of highway between Amravati and Akola in Maharashtra in a span of just 5 days.[7]

Projects

The NHAI has the mandate to implement the National Highways Development Project (NHDP). The NHDP is under implementation in Phases.[5]

NHAI along with NHIDCL helps in implementing Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North Eastern Region (SARDP-NE); a project to upgrade National Highways connecting state capitals to 2 lanes or 4 lanes in the north-eastern region.[8]

Golden Quadrilateral

The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network connecting many of the major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. A quadrilateral of sorts is formed by connecting Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai, and hence its name. The largest highway project in India and the fifth longest in the world was launched in 2001 by Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and was completed in 2012.[9] It is part of the first phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) and consisted of building 5846km (3,633miles) four/six lane express highways at a cost of .[10]

North–South and East–West Corridor

The North–South and East–West Corridor is part of the second phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) and consists of building 7142km (4,438miles) of four/six lane expressways connecting Srinagar in the north and Kanyakumari & Kochi in the south, Porbandar in the west and Silchar in the east, at a cost of US$12.317 billion (at 1999 prices).[11]

National-Green-Highway-Mission

The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Government of India has promulgated Green Highways (Plantations, Transplantations, Beautification, and Maintenance) Policy – 2015 on 29 September 2015 to develop green corridors along National Highways for sustainable environment and inclusive growth. The policy envisions "development of eco-friendly National Highways with the participation of the communities, farmers, NGOs, private sector, institutions, government agencies and the Forest Departments for economic growth and development in a sustainable manner."

Under the aegis of the Policy, development of green corridors is proposed along developed and upcoming National Highways in the width available in existing Right of Way (ROW) in the form of median and avenue plantations.

Roadside plantations have immense potential to enhance the green cover of the nation and generate employment opportunities for the rural community. Green Highways Division - under NHAI has been entrusted with the task of planning, implementation and monitoring roadside plantations along one lakh km network of National Highways which would, in turn, generate one lakh direct employment opportunity in plantations sector in next ten years. For effective project planning, implementation and monitoring GHD has developed Guidelines and Vision Document.[12]

Criticism

A 2012 report prepared by the World Bank's Institutional Integrity Unit alleged that fraudulent and corrupt practices were being followed by Indian contractors working on national highway projects funded by it, and sought a thorough investigation into the matter. The report also alleged that contractors paid bribes and gifts, including gold coins, to "influence the actions" of officials and consultants of the National Highways Authority of India.[13]

Local bodies and major road owners - including PWD and National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) - were criticized for depending on old technologies and outdated specifications for building and relaying roads.[14]

New numbering system

In March 2010, Government of India issued a new list of numbered routes with rationalized and systematic numbering. The east–west oriented highways are numbered odd starting from North and increasing towards South e.g., NH 1, NH 3,NH 27 etc. The even numbered routes are, similarly, drawn vertically going north to south, with numbers increasing from eastern to western parts of India e.g., NH 2, NH 6, NH 44 etc.

Initiatives

National Green Highways Program

The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and NHAI launched the green highways program in 2016.[15] [16] [17] [18] [19]

Harit Path application

The National Highways authority of India launched "Harit Path", a mobile application to monitor plantations along National Highways. It will also monitor species detail, target achievements and maintenance activities.[20]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NHAI List of Board of Directors . NHAI . 30 September 2023.
  2. Web site: Indian Road Network. NHAI . 30 September 2023.
  3. News: NHAI signs MoU. Business Standard. 9 January 2016.
  4. Web site: About NHAI . National Highways Authority of India . 30 September 2023.
  5. Web site: NHAI Official Website. NHAI. 9 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160204094116/http://www.nhai.org/mandate.htm. 4 February 2016. dead.
  6. News: NHAI plans toll collection at Kaniyur shortly. The Hindu. 9 January 2016.
  7. Web site: NHAI creates Guinness World Record, Nitin Gadkari says 'Proud moment for India' . 2022-06-09 . Moneycontrol . en.
  8. Web site: SARDP-NE . Mdoner.gov.in. 15 June 2011.
  9. Web site: Golden Quadrilateral Highway Network. Road Traffic Technology. 15 June 2011.
  10. Web site: Indian Road network. National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). 15 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20150414094555/http://www.nhai.org/roadnetwork.htm. 14 April 2015. dead.
  11. Web site: NHDP programme. National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). 15 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075250/http://www.nhai.org/nhdpmain_english.htm. 4 March 2016. dead.
  12. Web site: Archived copy . 31 January 2019 . 1 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013708/http://nationalgreenhighway.org/introduction-to-nghm . dead .
  13. News: Express Exclusive: World Bank cries fraud, graft in highways projects . Indian Express.
  14. News: Corporation to focus on public transport | Kochi News. The Times of India. 26 July 2022.
  15. Web site: Ongoing National highway green environment development projects in India by NGHM . 20 December 2018 . 21 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181221041357/http://nationalgreenhighway.org/ongoing-national-highway-development-project . dead .
  16. Web site: Archived copy . 20 December 2018 . 21 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181221041337/http://www.nitingadkari.org/pages/PR-pdf/plantation_drive.pdf . dead .
  17. Web site: National Green Highway Mission : Environment for UPSC Exams | IAS EXAM PORTAL - India's Largest Community for UPSC Exam Aspirants. Iasexamportal.com.
  18. Web site: Green Highways (Plantation & Maintenance) Policy-2015 - India Environment Portal | News, reports, documents, blogs, data, analysis on environment & development | India, South Asia. Indiaenvironmentportal.org.in.
  19. Web site: Finance ministry rejects Rs 5,000 crore green fund project by road ministry, NHAI. Governancenow.com. 17 August 2016.
  20. Web site: NHAI launches 'Harit Path' a mobile app to monitor plantation along national highways. Pib.gov.in. 2020-09-01.