NFS1 explained

Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NFS1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Iron-sulfur clusters are required for the function of many cellular enzymes. The protein encoded by this gene supplies inorganic sulfur to these clusters by removing the sulfur from cysteine, creating alanine in the process. This gene uses alternate in-frame translation initiation sites to generate mitochondrial forms and cytoplasmic/nuclear forms. Selection of the alternative initiation sites is determined by the cytosolic pH. The encoded protein belongs to the class-V family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aminotransferases.^[4]

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Tong WH, Rouault T . Distinct iron-sulfur cluster assembly complexes exist in the cytosol and mitochondria of human cells. . EMBO J. . 19 . 21 . 5692–700 . 2000 . 11060020 . 10.1093/emboj/19.21.5692 . 305809 .
• Stanchi F, Bertocco E, Toppo S, etal . Characterization of 16 novel human genes showing high similarity to yeast sequences. . Yeast . 18 . 1 . 69–80 . 2001 . 11124703 . 10.1002/1097-0061(200101)18:1<69::AID-YEA647>3.0.CO;2-H . 21397515 . free .
• Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, etal . Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing. . EMBO Rep. . 1 . 3 . 287–92 . 2001 . 11256614 . 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 . 1083732 .
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, etal . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. . Nature . 414 . 6866 . 865–71 . 2002 . 11780052 . 10.1038/414865a . 2001Natur.414..865D . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Li K, Tong WH, Hughes RM, Rouault TA . Roles of the mammalian cytosolic cysteine desulfurase, ISCS, and scaffold protein, ISCU, in iron-sulfur cluster assembly. . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 18 . 12344–51 . 2006 . 16527810 . 10.1074/jbc.M600582200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Land T, Rouault TA . Targeting of a human iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme, nifs, to different subcellular compartments is regulated through alternative AUG utilization . Mol Cell . 2 . 6 . 807–15 . Jan 1999 . 9885568 . 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80295-6 . free .
2. Biederbick A, Stehling O, Rosser R, Niggemeyer B, Nakai Y, Elsasser HP, Lill R . Role of human mitochondrial Nfs1 in cytosolic iron-sulfur protein biogenesis and iron regulation . Mol Cell Biol . 26 . 15 . 5675–87 . Jul 2006 . 16847322 . 1592756 . 10.1128/MCB.00112-06 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: NFS1 NFS1 nitrogen fixation 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae).
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: NFS1 NFS1 nitrogen fixation 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae).