NASA Astronaut Group 15 explained
The Flying Escargot |
Year: | 1994 |
Number: | 23 |
Prev: | 1992 |
Next: | 1996 |
NASA Astronaut Group 15 ("The Flying Escargot") was a group of 23 NASA astronauts announced on December 8, 1994.[1] [2] Group members adopted The Flying Escargot as their moniker, in reference to two members of the group being from France.[3] The group featured ten pilots, nine mission specialists, and four international mission specialist trainees from France,[4] [5] [6] Canada[7] and Japan.
Three members of this group, Rick Husband, Michael P. Anderson, and Kalpana Chawla, died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.[8] These three received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.[9] [10] [11]
Another member of the group Pamela Melroy, currently serves as Deputy Administrator of NASA, taking office on June 21, 2021, having been appointed by US President Joe Biden.[12]
Pilots
Mission Specialists
International mission specialists
Notes and References
- Web site: Hess . Mark . Campion . Ed . Herring . Kyle . NASA Headquarters . NASA Headquarters . Johnson Space Center . 1995 Astronaut Candidates Selected . NASA News . . 28 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510111903/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/1994/94-205.txt . 10 May 2021 . TXT . 8 December 1994 . live.
- News: NASA Names 19 New Astronaut Candidates . 10 May 2021 . . . 9 December 1994 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510132544/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77421681/nasa-names-19-new-astronaut-candidates/ . 10 May 2021 . . . live.
- Web site: T-shirt, Class of '95, Shuttle (Melroy) . . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510113246/https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/t-shirt-class-of-95-shuttle-melroy/nasm_A20180707000 . 10 May 2021 . . live.
- Web site: Herring . Kyle . Johnson Space Center . 95-016: Veteran French Astronauts Lend Expertise to Training . Johnson News . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510114232/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/releases/1993_1995/95-016.html . 10 May 2021 . . 1 March 1995 . live.
- Web site: Rahn . Debbie . Buckingham . Bruce . Herring . Kyle . NASA Headquarters . Kennedy Space Center . Johnson Space Center . 97-199: Atlantis' Sveneth Mission to Mir Set for Sept. 25 . NASA News . . 28 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510114532/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/releases/1996_1998/97-199.txt . 10 May 2021 . TXT . 12 September 1997 . live.
- Web site: McCarter . Jennifer . Hawley . Eileen M. . NASA Headquarters . Johnson Space Center . H97-263: Tognini Named to STS-93 Crew . NASA News . . 28 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510115022/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/releases/1996_1998/h97-263.txt . 10 May 2021 . TXT . 13 November 1997 . live.
- Web site: Rahn . Debbie . Herring . Kyle . NASA Headquarters . Johnson Space Center . 95-003: Two International Candidates to Join 1995 Astronaut Class . NASA News . . 28 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510115229/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/1995/95-3.txt . 10 May 2021 . TXT . 13 January 1995 . live.
- Web site: Howell . Jefferson D. Jr. . J03-07: Statement From JSC Director, Lt. Gen. Jefferson D. Howell, Jr. . Johnson News . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510115645/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/releases/2003/j03-07.html . 10 May 2021 . . 2 February 2003 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Rick Douglas Husband . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510115952/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/husband_rick.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . May 2004 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Michael P. Anderson . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510120157/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/anderson_michael.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . May 2004 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Kalpana Chawla, Ph.D. . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510120341/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/chawla_kalpana.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . May 2004 . live.
- Web site: President Biden nominates former astronaut Pamela Melroy for NASA deputy administrator. . 16 April 2021.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Scott D. Altman . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510120825/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/altman_scott.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . September 2010 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-90 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507131212/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-90.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-106 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507132838/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-106.html . 7 May 2021 . 15 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-109 . Mission Archives . . 6 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507165428/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-109.html . 7 May 2021 . 16 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Kauderer . Amiko . STS-125 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510090345/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts125/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 30 September 2009 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Jeffrey S. Ashby . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510121430/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ashby_jeffrey.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . January 2018 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-93 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121111/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-93.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-100 . Mission Archives . . 8 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508123716/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-100.html. 8 May 2021 . 15 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-104 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085939/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-104.html . 10 May 2021 . 15 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Michael J. Bloomfield . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510122045/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/bloomfield_michael.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . September 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-86 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507080749/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-86.html . 7 May 2021 . 26 October 2010 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-97 . Mission Archives . . 8 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508122419/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-97.html . 8 May 2021 . 15 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-110 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507044645/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-110.html . 7 May 2021 . 16 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Joe Frank Edwards, Jr. . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510122449/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/edwards_joe.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . May 2002 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-89 . Mission Archives . . 6 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507132711/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-89.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510133735/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/gorie_dominic.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . June 2010 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-91 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507123807/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-91.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-99 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507173556/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-99.html . 7 May 2021 . 12 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-108 . Mission Archives . . 6 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210506153913/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-108.html . 6 May 2021 . 15 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Nevills . Amiko . STS-125 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510091038/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts123/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 8 April 2008 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-96 . Mission Archives . . 6 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210506154437/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-96.html . 6 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-107 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510134124/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-107.html . 10 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Steven W. Lindsey . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510134818/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lindsey_steven_0.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . July 2011 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-87 . Mission Archives . . 8 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508123146/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-87.html . 8 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-95 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507071731/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-95.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-104 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085939/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-104.html . 10 May 2021 . 15 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: STS-121 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510135137/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts121/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 2 April 2008 . live.
- Web site: Kauderer . Amiko . STS-133 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510140323/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts133/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 15 March 2011 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Pamela Ann Melroy . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510140504/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/melroy_pamela.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . April 2013 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-92 . Mission Archives . . 6 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210506151504/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-92.html . 6 May 2021 . 15 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-112 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507174807/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-112.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Jeanne . Ryba . STS-120 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510092543/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts120/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 2 April 2008 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Susan Kilrain . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510141025/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/kilrain_susan_0.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . June 2005 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-83 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122937/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-83.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-94 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507123250/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-94.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510141231/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/sturckow_frederick.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . April 2013 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-88 . Mission Archives . . 6 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210506145639/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-88.html . 6 May 2021 . 10 February 2011 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-105 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507083254/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-105.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: STS-117 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510141514/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts117/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 2 April 2008 . live.
- Web site: Kauderer . Amiko . STS-128 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510141721/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts128/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 23 September 2009 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Robert L. Curbeam, Jr. . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142033/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/curbeam_robert.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . December 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-85 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507071612/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-85.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-98 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507120254/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-98.html . 7 May 2021 . 15 February 2010 . live.
- Web site: STS-116 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142409/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts116/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 2 April 2008 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Kathryn P. Hire . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142554/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/hire_kathryn.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . March 2010 . live.
- Web site: Kauderer . Amiko . STS-130 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142745/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts130/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 1 March 2010 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Janet Lynn Kavandi, Ph.D. . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142859/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/kavandi.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . October 2019 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Edward Tsang Lu, Ph.D. . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143202/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lu_edward_0.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . August 2007 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-84 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507080417/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-84.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Petty . John Ira . Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . International Space Station Status Report #03-18 . Johnson News . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143414/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2003/iss03-18.html . 10 May 2021 . . 25 April 2003 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Carlos I. Noriega . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143607/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/noriega_carlos.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . August 2011 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . James F. Reilly, II, Ph.D. . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143818/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/reilly_james.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . May 2008 . live.
- Web site: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . Johnson Space Center . Stephen K. Robinson, Ph.D. . Biographical Data . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510144021/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/robinson_stephen.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . July 2012 . live.
- Web site: Ryba . Jeanne . STS-114 . Mission Archives . . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121222/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-114.html . 7 May 2021 . 23 November 2007 . live.
- Web site: Portree . David S. . Johnson Space Center . Mir Hardware Heritage . NTRS - NASA Technical Reports Server . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510124221/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19950016829/downloads/19950016829.pdf . 10 May 2021 . . March 1995 . live.
- Web site: Takao Doi, Ph.D. . Biographies . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510144800/https://iss.jaxa.jp/en/astro/biographies/doi/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 2 May 2016 . live.
- Web site: Biography of Dr. Dafydd (Dave) Rhys Williams . Astronauts . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510144935/https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/astronauts/canadian/former/bio-dave-williams.asp . 10 May 2021 . 1 March 2008 . live.
- Web site: STS-118 . Mission Archives . . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510145315/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts118/main/index.html . 10 May 2021 . 2 April 2008 . live.