NAD(+)—diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase explained

NAD+-diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase
Ec Number:	2.4.2.36
Cas Number:	52933-21-8
Go Code:	0047286

In enzymology, a NAD+-diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

NAD⁺ + peptide diphthamide

\rightleftharpoons nicotinamide + peptide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)diphthamide

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD⁺ and peptide diphthamide, whereas its two products are nicotinamide and peptide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)diphthamide.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, to be specific, the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is NAD+:peptide-diphthamide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)transferase. Other names in common use include ADP-ribosyltransferase, mono(ADPribosyl)transferase, and NAD-diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 15 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and .

Clinical significance

The extracellular ADP-ribosyl-transferase ART2 is expressed only on T cells.^[1] T cell activation of P2X₇ receptors can activate the T cells or cause T cell differentiation, can affect T cell migration or (at high extracellular levels of NAD+) can induce cell death by ART2.

References

• Lee H, Iglewski WJ . 1984 . Cellular ADP-ribosyltransferase with the same mechanism of action as diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas toxin A . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 81 . 2703 - 7 . 6326138 . 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2703 . 9 . 345138 . 1984PNAS...81.2703L . free .
• Ueda K, Hayaishi O . 1985 . ADP-ribosylation . Annu. Rev. Biochem. . 54 . 1 . 73 - 100 . 3927821 . 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.000445 .

See also

• Diphtheria toxin
• Pseudomonas exotoxin
• ADP-ribosylation

Notes and References

1. Rivas-Yáñez E, Barrera-Avalos C, Bono R, Sauma D . P2X7 Receptor at the Crossroads of T Cell Fate . . 21 . 14 . 4937 . 2020 . 10.3390/ijms21144937 . 7404255 . 32668623. free .