N-acetyltransferase 2 explained

N-acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase), also known as NAT2, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the NAT2 gene.^[1]

Function

This gene encodes a type of N-acetyltransferase. The NAT2 isozyme functions to both activate and deactivate arylamine and hydrazine drugs and carcinogens. Polymorphisms in this gene are responsible for the N-acetylation polymorphism in which human populations segregate into rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator phenotypes. Polymorphisms in NAT2 are also associated with higher incidences of cancer and drug toxicity. A second arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene (NAT1) is located near NAT2.^[2]

Phenotype prediction

The NAT2 acetylator phenotype can be inferred from NAT2 genotype (a combination of SNPs observed in a given individual).^{[3] [4] [5] [6]}

Further reading

• Vatsis KP, Weber WW, Bell DA, Dupret JM, Evans DA, Grant DM, Hein DW, Lin HJ, Meyer UA, Relling MV . Nomenclature for N-acetyltransferases . Pharmacogenetics . 5 . 1 . 1–17 . 1995 . 7773298 . 10.1097/00008571-199502000-00001 .
• Windmill KF, McKinnon RA, Zhu X, Gaedigk A, Grant DM, McManus ME . The role of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in arylamine toxicity and carcinogenesis: functional and localization studies . Mutat. Res. . 376 . 1–2 . 153–60 . 1997 . 9202751 . 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00038-9 .
• Lan Q, Rothman N, Chow WH, Lissowska J, Doll MA, Xiao GH, Zatonski W, Hein DW . No apparent association between NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes and risk of stomach cancer . Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. . 12 . 4 . 384–6 . 2003 . 12692115 .
• Ochs-Balcom HM, Wiesner G, Elston RC . A meta-analysis of the association of N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) variants with breast cancer . Am. J. Epidemiol. . 166 . 3 . 246–54 . 2007 . 17535831 . 10.1093/aje/kwm066 . free .
• Sanderson S, Salanti G, Higgins J . Joint effects of the N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) genes and smoking on bladder carcinogenesis: a literature-based systematic HuGE review and evidence synthesis . Am. J. Epidemiol. . 166 . 7 . 741–51 . 2007 . 17675654 . 10.1093/aje/kwm167 . free .

External links

• • • The Arylamine N-acetyltransferase Gene Nomenclature Committee homepage
• PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2

Notes and References

1. Vatsis KP, Weber WW, Bell DA, Dupret JM, Evans DA, Grant DM, Hein DW, Lin HJ, Meyer UA, Relling MV, Sim E, Suzuki T, Yamazoe Y . Nomenclature for N-acetyltransferases . Pharmacogenetics . 5 . 1 . 1–17 . February 1995 . 7773298 . 10.1097/00008571-199502000-00001 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: NAT2 N-acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase).
3. Web site: NAT2PRED: a computational predictor of the human N-AcetylTransferase-2 (NAT2) acetylator phenotype . State University of New York – Albany . 2009-04-30 . 2009-05-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090522022240/http://nat2pred.rit.albany.edu/ . dead .
4. Kuznetsov IB, McDuffie M, Moslehi R . A web server for inferring the human N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) enzymatic phenotype from NAT2 genotype . Bioinformatics . 25 . 9 . 1185–6 . May 2009 . 19261719 . 2672629 . 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp121 .
5. Agúndez JA . Polymorphisms of human N-acetyltransferases and cancer risk . Curr. Drug Metab. . 9 . 6 . 520–31 . 2008 . 18680472 . 10.2174/138920008784892083.
6. Agúndez JA . N-acetyltransferases: lessons learned from eighty years of research . Curr. Drug Metab. . 9 . 6 . 463–4 . 2008 . 18680465 . 10.2174/138920008784892146.