Mutakkil-Nusku Explained

Mutakkil-Nusku
King of Assyria
Reign: 1132 BC[1]
Predecessor:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
Successor:Ashur-resh-ishi I
Father:Ashur-Dan I
Succession:King of the Middle Assyrian Empire
Issue:Ashur-resh-ishi I

Mutakkil-Nusku, inscribed mmu-ta/tak-kil-dPA.KU, "he whom Nusku endows with confidence," was king of Assyria briefly 1132 BC, during a period of political decline. He reigned sufficiently long to be the recipient of a letter or letters from the Babylonian king, presumed to be Ninurta-nādin-šumi, in which he was lambasted and derided.

Biography

He was a younger son of the long-reigning king, Aššur-dān I (c. 1179 to 1134 BC) and succeeded his brother Ninurta-tukultī-Aššur, whom he ousted in a coup and subsequently went on to fight in a civil war that seems to have pitched the Assyrian heartland against its provinces. He appears on the Khorsabad Kinglist[2] which relates that “Mutakkil-Nusku, his (Ninurta-tukultī-Aššur’s) brother, fought against him. He drove him to Karduniaš (Babylonia).” Contemporary evidence suggests that Ninurta-tukultī-Aššur sought sanctuary in the border town of Sišil, where Mutakkil-Nusku’s forces engaged him in battle, the outcome of which is lost.[3]

The fragments of one or perhaps two Middle Assyrian letters exist,[4] from an unnamed Babylonian king, possibly Ninurta-nādin-šumi, to Mutakkil-Nusku, where he is told that "You should act according to your heart (ki libbika).” The text lambastes him for failing to keep an appointment, or a challenge, in Zaqqa and seems to confirm that Ninurta-tukultī-Aššur had reached exile in Babylonia.[5]

His victory was short-lived as ṭuppišu Mutakkil-Nusku kussâ ukta'il KUR-a e-mid, “(he) held the throne for ṭuppišu (his tablet), then died,” perhaps his inaugural year and part way into his first year only.[6] One interpretation suggests this was while his father still nominally ruled.[7] Apart from a brief economic text concerning 100 sheep of Mutakkil-Nusku, without a royal title, and his appearance in the genealogies of his descendants such as one of his sons, Aššur-rēša-iši I,[5] there are no other extant inscriptions.[7]

Inscriptions

  1. Book: Chen, Fei. Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. BRILL. 2020. 978-9004430914. Leiden. Appendix I: A List of Assyrian Kings. https://brill.com/view/book/9789004430921/back-1.xml?body=fullhtml-43184.
  2. Khorsabad Kinglist, iii 35–36.
  3. Die babylonisch-assyrischen Beziehungen und die innere Lage Assyriens in der Zeit der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Ninurta-tukulti-Aššur und Mutakkil-Nusku nach neuen keilschriftlichen Quellen . Jaume Llop, A. R. George . Archiv für Orientforschung . 48–49 . 2001 . 1–20 .
  4. Tablet fragments BM 55498 and 55499, K 212+4448 (+) Sm 2116+BM 104727.
  5. Book: Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1 . A. K. Grayson . Otto Harrassowitz . 1972 . 144–146, 149–152 .
  6. The meaning of ṭuppi . Heather D. Baker . Revue d'Assyriologie . 104 . 1 . 2010 . 131–162 .
  7. Book: Reallexikon Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek – Mythologie . Mutakkil-Nusku . J. A. Brinkman . D. O. Edzard . Walter De Gruyter . 1999 . 500 .