Musashi-1 Explained

RNA-binding protein Musashi homolog 1 also known as Musashi-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSI1 gene.^[1]

Function

This gene encodes a protein containing two conserved tandem RNA recognition motifs and functions as an RNA binding protein that is involved in post-transcriptional gene editing. It is a stem cell marker that controls the balance between self-renewal and terminal differentiation.^{[2] [3]}

Clinical significance

Over expression of this gene is associated with the grade of the malignancy and proliferative activity in gliomas and melanomas. An increased expression of MSI1 protein is observed in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma^[4] siRNA-mediated inhibition of MSI expression in endometrial carcinoma cells induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation by affecting the Notch signaling pathway^[5]

MSI1 is highly expressed in neural progenitor cells and is required for normal development of the brain. A mutation in these gene is responsible for autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. MSI1 also interacts with the Zika virus genome and may explain why these cells are highly susceptible to Zika virus infection.^{[6] [7]}

See also

• Musashi-2

References

Further reading

• Okano H, Imai T, Okabe M . Musashi: a translational regulator of cell fate . Journal of Cell Science . 115 . Pt 7 . 1355–9 . April 2002 . 10.1242/jcs.115.7.1355 . 11896183 .
• Toda M, Iizuka Y, Yu W, Imai T, Ikeda E, Yoshida K, Kawase T, Kawakami Y, Okano H, Uyemura K . Expression of the neural RNA-binding protein Musashi1 in human gliomas . Glia . 34 . 1 . 1–7 . April 2001 . 11284014 . 10.1002/glia.1034 . 24208393 .
• Imai T, Tokunaga A, Yoshida T, Hashimoto M, Mikoshiba K, Weinmaster G, Nakafuku M, Okano H . The neural RNA-binding protein Musashi1 translationally regulates mammalian numb gene expression by interacting with its mRNA . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 21 . 12 . 3888–900 . June 2001 . 11359897 . 87052 . 10.1128/MCB.21.12.3888-3900.2001 .
• Sakakibara S, Nakamura Y, Satoh H, Okano H . Rna-binding protein Musashi2: developmentally regulated expression in neural precursor cells and subpopulations of neurons in mammalian CNS . The Journal of Neuroscience . 21 . 20 . 8091–107 . October 2001 . 11588182 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-20-08091.2001. 6763847 . free .
• Kanemura Y, Mori K, Sakakibara S, Fujikawa H, Hayashi H, Nakano A, Matsumoto T, Tamura K, Imai T, Ohnishi T, Fushiki S, Nakamura Y, Yamasaki M, Okano H, Arita N . Musashi1, an evolutionarily conserved neural RNA-binding protein, is a versatile marker of human glioma cells in determining their cellular origin, malignancy, and proliferative activity . Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity . 68 . 2–3 . 141–52 . September 2001 . 11686236 . 10.1046/j.1432-0436.2001.680208.x .
• Book: Kanemura Y, Sakakibara S, Okano H . Neural Stem Cells . Identification of Musashi1-positive cells in human normal and neoplastic neuroepithelial tissues by immunohistochemical methods . Methods in Molecular Biology . 198 . 273–81 . 2002 . 11951628 . 10.1385/1-59259-186-8:273 . 1-59259-186-8 .
• Shu HJ, Saito T, Watanabe H, Ito JI, Takeda H, Okano H, Kawata S . Expression of the Musashi1 gene encoding the RNA-binding protein in human hepatoma cell lines . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 293 . 1 . 150–4 . April 2002 . 12054577 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00175-4 .
• Miyanoiri Y, Kobayashi H, Imai T, Watanabe M, Nagata T, Uesugi S, Okano H, Katahira M . Origin of higher affinity to RNA of the N-terminal RNA-binding domain than that of the C-terminal one of a mouse neural protein, musashi1, as revealed by comparison of their structures, modes of interaction, surface electrostatic potentials, and backbone dynamics . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 42 . 41309–15 . October 2003 . 12907678 . 10.1074/jbc.M306210200 . free .
• Nishimura S, Wakabayashi N, Toyoda K, Kashima K, Mitsufuji S . Expression of Musashi-1 in human normal colon crypt cells: a possible stem cell marker of human colon epithelium . Digestive Diseases and Sciences . 48 . 8 . 1523–9 . August 2003 . 12924647 . 10.1023/A:1024763723240 . 27912813 .
• Lovell MA, Markesbery WR . Ectopic expression of Musashi-1 in Alzheimer disease and Pick disease . Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology . 64 . 8 . 675–80 . August 2005 . 16106215 . 10.1097/01.jnen.0000173891.17176.5b . 16906563 .
• Battelli C, Nikopoulos GN, Mitchell JG, Verdi JM . The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 regulates neural development through the translational repression of p21WAF-1 . Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences . 31 . 1 . 85–96 . January 2006 . 16214366 . 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.09.003 . 11496642 .
• Chan C, Moore BE, Cotman CW, Okano H, Tavares R, Hovanesian V, Pinar H, Johanson CE, Svendsen CN, Stopa EG . Musashi1 antigen expression in human fetal germinal matrix development . Experimental Neurology . 201 . 2 . 515–8 . October 2006 . 16777095 . 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.04.023 . 26877499 .

Notes and References

1. Good P, Yoda A, Sakakibara S, Yamamoto A, Imai T, Sawa H, Ikeuchi T, Tsuji S, Satoh H, Okano H . The human Musashi homolog 1 (MSI1) gene encoding the homologue of Musashi/Nrp-1, a neural RNA-binding protein putatively expressed in CNS stem cells and neural progenitor cells . Genomics . 52 . 3 . 382–4 . September 1998 . 9790759 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5456 .
2. Glazer RI, Vo DT, Penalva LO . Musashi1: an RBP with versatile functions in normal and cancer stem cells . Frontiers in Bioscience . 17 . 54–64 . 2012 . 1 . 22201732 . 10.2741/3915 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: MSI1 musashi homolog 1 (Drosophila).
4. Götte . M . Wolf . M . Staebler . A . Buchweitz . O . Kelsch . R . Schüring . AN . Kiesel . L . Increased expression of the adult stem cell marker Musashi-1 in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma. . Journal of Pathology . 2008 . 215 . 3 . 317–29 . 10.1002/path.2364 . 18473332 . 206323361 .
5. Götte . M . Greve . B . Kelsch . R . Müller-Uthoff . H . Weiss . K . Kharabi Masouleh . B . Sibrowski . W . Kiesel . L . Buchweitz . O . The adult stem cell marker Musashi-1 modulates endometrial carcinoma cell cycle progression and apoptosis via Notch-1 and p21WAF1/CIP1. . International Journal of Cancer . 2011 . 129 . 8 . 2042–2049 . 10.1002/ijc.25856 . 21165952 . 35338227 .
6. Chavali PL, Stojic L, Meredith LW, Joseph N, Nahorski MS, Sanford TJ, Sweeney TR, Krishna BA, Hosmillo M, Firth AE, Bayliss R, Marcelis CL, Lindsay S, Goodfellow I, Woods CG, Gergely F . Neurodevelopmental protein Musashi-1 interacts with the Zika genome and promotes viral replication . Science . 357 . 6346 . 83–88 . 2017 . 28572454 . 10.1126/science.aam9243 . 5798584 . 2017Sci...357...83C .
7. Griffin DE . Why are neurons susceptible to Zika virus? . Science . 357 . 6346 . 33–34 . 2017 . 28684491 . 10.1126/science.aan8626 . 2017Sci...357...33G . free .