Murrah buffalo explained

Murrah buffalo
Country:India
Status:Domesticated
Maleweight:750 kg
Femaleweight:650 kg
Maleheight:4.9 foot ca. 142 cm
Femaleheight:4.7 foot ca. 133 cm
Coat:Black
Use:Dairy
Distribution:Azerbaijan, Brazil, Colombia, China, Ecuador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam, Venezuela

The Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) mainly kept for milk production. It originates in Haryana and Punjab of India, where it is kept in the districts of Bhiwani, Agra, Hisar, Rohtak, Jind, Jhajhar, Fatehabad, Gurgaon and the capital region of Delhi.[1] It has been used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in other countries, such as Italy, Bulgaria and Egypt.[2] A Murrah buffalo at the Lakshmi Dairy Farm in Punjab set a record of of milk in the 2016 National Livestock Competition and Expo.[3] In Brazil, this breed of buffalo is used for production of both meat and milk. Murrahs sell for a high price.[4] [5]

Among Indian buffalo breeds, Murrah is noted to have the highest milk yield.[6]

Appearance

Murrah buffaloes are jet black in colour, sometimes with white markings on the face or legs. Their eyes are black, active, and prominent in females, but slightly shrunken in males and should not be walled, i.e., the cornea should not have whiteness. Their necks are long and thin in females and thick and massive in males. Their ears are short, thin, and alert. [7]

They typically have short and tightly curved horns. Bulls weigh around 550kg (1,210lb) and cows around 450kg (990lb). Average milk production is in a lactation period of 310 days.[8] [9]

Research institutes

These institutes have ongoing research programs to enhance and disseminate the Murrah breed:

Export to other nations

In Asia, Murrah buffaloes were first introduced in Philippines from India in 1917 to cross breed with native Carabao breed. A few Nili-Ravi breed were also exported from India to Philippines.[17] Philippine Carabao Center was established in 1992 at Science City of Muñoz in Nueva Ecija province to breed and cross carabao based on high-yield Murrah buffalo in the Philippines as a multi-purpose animal that can be raised for milk, meat, hide, and draft.[18] [19] [20] [21] This project has now expected to more than 14 buffalo research centers, based on murrah breed, spread across Philippines.

In Europe, the native breed were crossbred with the Indian Murrah breed in Bulgaria, and later in Romania, some were crossbred with Bulgarian Murrah.[22]

In South America, starting from late 19th century Murrah & Jaffarabadi breeds were imported by Brazil to improve the breed there.[23]

See also

References

  1. Web site: Murrah Buffalo. 25 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20180207042140/http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html. 7 February 2018. dead.
  2. Moioli, B. and A. Borghese (2016). Buffalo Breeds and Management Systems. Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia (Animal Production Research Institute).
  3. Web site: Murrah buffalo sets record with 26.33 kg milk. tribuneindia.com. 2016-01-16. 2016-04-24.
  4. Web site: Andhra Pradesh farmer buys Haryana murrah buffalo for Rs 25L . The Times of India. 2013-08-11 . 2014-06-30.
  5. Web site: Rs 40-lakh-a-year hurrah for owner of this Murrah! . Hindustan Times. 2014-02-17 . 2014-06-30 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102909/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-semen-sale/article1-1185010.aspx . 19 August 2014.
  6. Book: Nilotpal. Ghosh. Livestock Production Management. July 2019. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. 978-93-88028-98-1.
  7. Web site: Livestock:: Buffalo:: BreedsAnimal Husbandry ::buffalo breeds.
  8. Web site: Murrah . ansi.okstate.edu . 13 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180010/http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/other/buffalo/murrah/index.htm . 20 October 2014 . dead .
  9. Web site: Murrah Buffalo . bharathidairyfarm.com.
  10. http://www.cirb.res.in CIRB website
  11. Book: Fifty Years of Indian Agriculture. Ali. Mohammad. Abdul. Munir. Hifzur. Rehman. 26 June 2007. Concept Publishing Company. 9788180693601 . Google Books.
  12. http://www.jagran.com/haryana/hisar-16429094.html "लुवास का भैंस फार्म देश का सर्वश्रेष्ठ केंद्र घोषित (Hisar LUVAS Buffalo farm best in the nation)."
  13. http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/6765 Training on Advanced Buffalo Husbandry organized at CIRB, Hisar
  14. Syed Mohmad Shah, Manmohan Singh Chauhan. 2017 Reproduction in Buffalo: Natural and assisted reproductive techniques, Notion Press, Chennai.
  15. Web site: Bulgarian Murrah.
  16. Web site: Nauni University At Rank 12 Among Agri Research Institutes Of Country. Hill Post. Staff. 19 July 2019.
  17. Book: Cockrill . W. R. . Animal Production and Health Series . 4 . The Water Buffalo . Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations . 1977 . 978-9251001080 . February 23, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141330/http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf . June 16, 2013 . dead . mdy-all .
  18. Web site: Philippine Carabao Center History. September 27, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080407025112/http://www.pcc.da.gov.ph/history.php. April 7, 2008.
  19. Web site: Hernandez. Ma. Eloisa E.. The Philippine Carabao Center ...has gone a long way. Bureau of Agricultural Research. September 27, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100723142040/http://www.bar.gov.ph/bardigest/2006/julsep06_featinst.asp. July 23, 2010.
  20. Web site: Robles. Chan. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7307. Robles Chan Virtual Law Library. September 27, 2010.
  21. Web site: The Philippines: Enterprise-Driven Dairy Development. Philippine Carabao Center. September 27, 2010.
  22. Borghese, A., Mazzi, M. (2005). Buffalo Population and Strategies in the World. Pages 1–39 in Borghese, A. (ed.) Buffalo Production and Research. REU Technical Series 67. Inter-regional Cooperative Research Network on Buffalo, FAO Regional Office for Europe, Rome.
  23. Minervino. A.H.H. . Zava . M. . Vecchio. D. . Borghese. A. . 2020 . Bubalus bubalis: A Short Story . Frontiers in Veterinary Science . 7 . 570413 . 10.3389/fvets.2020.570413 . 33335917 . 7736047 . free.

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