Muromian language explained
| Muromian |
| Familycolor: | Uralic |
| States: | Russia |
| Region: | Murom region |
| Fam2: | Mordvinic? |
| Iso3: | none |
| Map: | File:Finno-ugrian-map.svg |
| Mapcaption: | An approximate map of the non-Varangian cultures in European Russia, in the 9th century. The Muromian area is shown in green. |
| Ethnicity: | Muromians |
| Linglist: | 0te |
| Extinct: | 10th century |
| Also Known As: | Muromanian |
Muromian is an extinct Uralic[1] language formerly spoken by the Muromian tribe, in what is today the Murom region in Russia.[2] They are mentioned by Jordanes as Mordens and in the Primary Chronicle. Very little is known about the language, but it was probably closely related to the Mordvinic languages Moksha and Erzya.[3] Muromian probably became extinct in the Middle Ages around the 10th century,[3] [4] as the Muromians were assimilated by the Slavs.[5] The Muromian language[6] is unattested, but is assumed to have been Uralic, and has frequently been placed in the Volga-Finnic category.[7] [8] [9]
Toponymy
A. K. Matveyev identified the toponymic area upon Lower Oka and Lower Klyazma, which corresponds with Muroma. According to the toponymy, the Muroma language was close to the Merya language.[10] A few words have been reconstructed in the Muroma language, based on toponyms, such as: *juga 'river', *vi̮ksa ‘river connecting two bodies of water', and *voht(V) ‘neck of land between two bodies of water’.[11]
References
Notes and References
- Book: Wieczynski, Joseph . The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History . Academic International Press . 1976 . 9780875690643 .
- Book: Taagepera, Rein . The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State . Routledge . 1999 . 9780415919777 . 51 .
- Book: Janse . Mark . Language Death and Language Maintenance . Tol . Sijmen . Hendriks . Vincent . John Benjamins Publishing Company . 2000 . 9789027247520 . A108.
- Book: Blokland, Rogier . The Endangered Uralic Languages . John Benjamins Publishing Company . 2003 . 9027247528 . Amsterdam . 108.
- Book: Uibopuu . Valev . Lagman . Herbert . Studentlitteratur . 1988 . 9789144254111 . Swedish.
- Web site: 2009-06-22 . Muromanian . dead . https://archive.today/20120712132414/http://multitree.org/codes/0te . July 12, 2012 . 2012-07-13 . MultiTree.
- Book: Janse, Mark . Language Death and Language Maintenance . Sijmen Tol . Vincent Hendriks . John Benjamins Publishing Company . 2000 . 978-90-272-4752-0 . A108.
- Book: Wieczynski, Joseph . The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History . Academic International Press . 1976 . 978-0-87569-064-3.
- Book: Taagepera, Rein . The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State . Routledge . 1999 . 978-0-415-91977-7 . 51.
- Матвеев А. К. Мерянская проблема и лингвистическое картографирование // Вопросы языкознания. 2001. № 5.
- https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/38908/southeas.pdf Pauli Rahkonen. South-Eastern contact area of Finnic languages in the light of onomastics: dissertation, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki. 2018
