| Rogers Dry Lake | |||||||||||||||||||
| Location: | Mojave Desert Kern County, California Los Angeles County, California | ||||||||||||||||||
| Coords: | 34.9219°N -117.8275°W | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lake Type: | Endorheic basin | ||||||||||||||||||
| Basin Countries: | United States | ||||||||||||||||||
| Length: | 19km (12miles) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Width: | 11km (07miles) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Area: | 112km2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shore: | 61km (38miles) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Elevation: | 694m (2,277feet) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cities: | Edwards Air Force Base | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pushpin Map: | California#USA | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Location of Rogers Dry Lake in California, USA. | ||||||||||||||||||
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Rogers Dry Lake is an endorheic desert salt pan in the Mojave Desert of Kern County, California. The lake derives its name from the Anglicization from the Spanish name, Rodriguez Dry Lake.[3] It is the central part of Edwards Air Force Base as its hard surface provides a natural extension to the paved runways. It was formerly known as Muroc Dry Lake.
Rogers Dry Lake is located in the Antelope Valley, about 100miles drive north of Los Angeles. It covers an area of about 65sqmi at the low point of the valley, forming a rough figure eight. It is the bed of a lake that formed roughly 2.5 million years ago, in the Pleistocene. It is 12.5miles long and 5.5miles wide at its greatest dimensions. The bed of the lake is unusually hard, capable of withstanding as much as 250 psi without cracking. This is sufficient to allow even the heaviest aircraft to land safely.[4]
During the extremely brief rainy season, standing water may be on the lakebed, pooling near the location of the region's lowest elevation (2,300 ft). The lake is adjacent to the smaller Rosamond Lake which through the Holocene, together made up one large water-body.[5]
The area of the lakebed was first used by the railroads, with a watering station for steam engines located nearby by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. In 1910, the Corum family settled on the lake bed; they attempted to create a small community called "Muroc" (the name reversed), which failed. In 1933, the United States Army arrived, looking to establish a bombing range in the area. The lakebed's potential use as an airfield was then realized, and in 1937 the United States Army Air Corps set up Muroc Air Field for training and testing; the airfield later became Edwards Air Force Base.[4]
During World War II, a 650feet replica of a Japanese cruiser was constructed on the lakebed, nicknamed "Muroc Maru". The ship was demolished in 1950.[6]
Many of the United States' notable aeronautical achievements have taken place at Rogers Lake, including the testing of experimental military aircraft, the breaking of the sound barrier by Chuck Yeager, and landings of the Space Shuttle.[4] It is also famous for the world's largest compass rose painted into the lakebed. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.[2]
Its principal runway is 05/23. In addition to its paved component of 15000feet it has an extra 9000feet of lakebed runway, and it is capable of landing all known aircraft.
There are seven other official runways on the Rogers lakebed: