| South Algonquin | |
| Official Name: | Township of South Algonquin |
| Settlement Type: | Township municipality (single-tier) |
| Pushpin Map: | Canada Southern Ontario |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 200 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location on a map of Southern Ontario |
| Coordinates: | 45.4967°N -78.0239°W |
| Coordinates Footnotes: | [1] |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Canada |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Ontario |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Nipissing |
| Government Type: | Township |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Ethel LaValley |
| Leader Title1: | Governing body |
| Leader Name1: | South Algonquin Township Council |
| Leader Title2: | Councillors |
| Leader Title3: | Federal riding |
| Leader Name3: | Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke |
| Leader Title4: | Prov. riding |
| Leader Name4: | Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke |
| Established Title2: | Incorporated |
| Area Total Km2: | 873.43 |
| Population As Of: | 2016 |
| Population Total: | 1096 |
| Population Density Km2: | 1.3 |
| Timezone: | EST |
| Utc Offset: | -5 |
| Timezone Dst: | EDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -4 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | K0J 2M0 |
| Area Code: | 613, 343 |
South Algonquin is a township municipality in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada.[2] [3] [4] [5] Located south of Algonquin Provincial Park, it is the sole populated portion of the district that lies south of the traditional dividing line between Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario and is closer connected to Renfrew County as opposed to the core portions of Nipissing District.
The township had a population of 1,096 in the Canada 2016 Census.
The communities of Aylen Lake, Cross Lake, Gunters, Madawaska, McKenzie Lake,[6] Murchison, Opeongo, Wallace and Whitney are in South Algonquin. It also includes the geographic townships of Airy, Dickens, Lyell, Murchison, and Sabine, with the exception of a triangle, the northwest corner, of Airy Township that is part of Algonquin Provincial Park.
The area was settled primarily as the site for the sawmill of the St. Anthony Lumber Company, of Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is named for the firm's general manager, Edwin Canfield Whitney.
By 1892 work had commenced on the Ottawa, Arnprior and Parry Sound Railway (later the Canada Atlantic Railway), by Ottawa lumberman John Rudolphus Booth, whose sawmill at the Chaudière Falls, Ottawa, was considered to be one of the largest in North America, second only to a mill in Minneapolis. At the end of 1892, Booth arranged a takeover of the adjacent Perley and Pattee mill from the estate of his former colleague William Goodhue Perley.
Timber berths on the upper Madawaska River, in the townships of Airy and Nightingale, belonging to the Perley & Pattee Lumber Company, were sold in 1894, to the St. Anthony Lumber Company, of Minneapolis. As the OA&PS Railway was being constructed to access this area, Whitney persuaded the management of the St. Anthony firm to purchase the timber berths.
About a year after the Whitney sawmill was built, Fowler and Hill sold the Minneapolis mill and associated timber limits to Frederick Weyerhaeuser of Saint Paul, Minnesota. Whitney who had large timber holdings near Brainerd, Minnesota, sold them to Weyerhaeuser as well and made enough profit that he was able to purchase his partners' interests in the Whitney concern and continue its operation on his own.
Through the early 20th century, the Canada Atlantic Railway underwent a series of acquisitions, with the section through what would become South Algonquin becoming known as the CN Renfrew Subdivision under the Canadian National Railways. With railway rationalization and the onset of the Great Depression, rail operations through Algonquin Park ceased, and the rails were lifted around 1942. This cut off the through route to Depot Harbour and Parry Sound District in the west, turning the former central part of the Canada Atlantic mainline into a branch line.Operations beyond the wye at Whitney were ended in 1946, with the rails being lifted in 1952.[7]
The Canadian National Railway Renfrew Subdivision was abandoned between Whitney and Renfrew in 1983.
Opeongo River Provincial Park and Upper Madawaska River Provincial Park are in South Algonquin.
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, South Algonquin had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of 867.73km2, it had a population density of in 2021.[8]