| Murō-ji | |
| Native Name: | 室生寺 |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Map Type: | Japan Nara Prefecture#Japan |
| Relief: | 1 |
| Map Alt: | Murō-ji is located in eastern Japan. |
| Location: | Uda, Nara Prefecture |
| Religious Affiliation: | Buddhism |
| Rite: | Omoto Shingon |
| Country: | Japan |
| Established: | 8th century |
is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shingon school, located in the city of Uda, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The temple shows typical aspects of Shingon Buddhism, with its buildings laid on the mountainside of, and historically served as a place of worship for the Japanese dragon, associated with rain prayers.
Unlike many temples of the time, Murō-ji was opened to females.[1] For that reason, the temple is also called Mount Kōya for women.
Its five storied pagoda is one of the oldest standing pagodas in Japan, dating its construction to the 9th century.
While legend has it that the temple was founded by the monk En no Gyōja by order of Emperor Tenmu, and later restored by Kūkai, an extant record kept by the temple,, tells that a successful ritual in respect of a local dragon spirit to cure Prince Yamabe (later Emperor Kanmu)'s illness made the imperial court order a monk from the nearby temple of Kōfuku-ji, named, to construct a new temple on the site.
Historically, the temple acted as a place of worship for a Japanese dragon spirit associated with Ryūjin known as, and rain prayer offerings were traditionally held there. The numerous caves spread around Mount Murō were believed to be carved out by said dragon, and are still considered sacred.[2]
During most of its history, Murō-ji was a subtemple of Kōfuku-ji, from the nearby city of Nara. Monks from Kofuku-ji were regularly sent to Murō-ji for summer prayer retreats, or, until its separation in 1694. The Ryūketsu Shrine used to be part of the Murō-ji complex until 1868, as efforts were made to separate Shinto and Buddhist institutions.[2]
Worship of the Murō dragon continues to the present day in the form of a festival called the Autumn Ryūketsu Shrine festival. During the month of October, two figures of a dragon in straw are placed on the grounds of Murō-ji and on the road to the Shinto Ryūketsu Shrine. The next day, the head priest of Murō-ji begins a procession between the temple and the Ryūketsu Shrine, stopping to conduct rituals in favor of the two straw dragon figures. While rain prayer practices are absent, the Murō dragon still serves as an important tradition of the temple and the nearby Shinto shrine.[2]
Among the buildings that remain on the temple complex from the ninth century is the five-storied pagoda, which is the smallest of the kind standing in the open air. The pagoda suffered major damage in a 1998 typhoon, when a falling tree struck it. It was restored over the following two years.