Municipalities of Baja California explained

Baja California is a state in Northwest Mexico that is divided into seven municipalities. According to the 2020 Mexican census, Baja California is the 13th most populous state with inhabitants and the 12th largest by land area spanning 73290.08km2.

Municipalities in Baja California are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico.[1] Their legal framework derives from Title VI of the state Constitution[2] and the state's 2001 Law of the Municipal Regime.[3] Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing public services for their constituents.[2] The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos) who govern from the municipal seat.[4] Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries.[5] They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income. Municipalities may establish functional and geographical subdivisions called delegaciones and subdelegaciones[6] in accordance with Article 29 of the Law of the Municipal Regime.[3]

The largest municipality by population in Baja California and in Mexico is Tijuana with 1,922,523 residents, representing around half of the population of the state. The smallest municipality by population is San Felipe: the areas which now make up San Felipe recorded a population of 18,369 inhabitants in the 2010 Mexican Census.[7] San Quintín, which spans 32883.93km2, is the largest municipality by area in the state and in the country. Playas de Rosarito is the smallest municipality by area spanning 500.667km2. The first municipality to incorporate was Ensenada on and the newest municipality is San Felipe which was formed from Ensenada and Mexicali on .

Municipalities

The following figures do not take into account the creation of San Felipe in 2022, for which current area and population figures from INEGI are not yet available.

+
NameMunicipal seat[8] Population
(2020)		Population
(2010)[9] 		ChangeLand area[10] Population density
(2020)		Incorporation date[11]
km2sq mi
EnsenadaEnsenada19526.8km2
Mexicalialign=left style="background:#CCF;"Mexicali14528.3km2
Playas de RosaritoRosarito506.3km2
San FelipeSan Felipe[12]
San QuintínSan Quintín32953.3km2[13] [14]
TecateTecate2861.2km2
TijuanaTijuana1074.1km2
Baja California - 71450km2 -
Mexico[15] [16] - 1972550km2 -

Notes and References

  1. Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos . Spanish . 1917 . 115 . Article . September 27, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170926165033/https://www.juridicas.unam.mx/legislacion/ordenamiento/constitucion-politica-de-los-estados-unidos-mexicanos#10668#10668 . 2017-09-26 .
  2. Constitución Política del Estado Libre y Sobrerano de Baja California . es . VI . Title . January 19, 2018 . February 25, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032702/http://www.congresobc.gob.mx/Parlamentarias/TomosPDF/Leyes/TOMO_I/Constbc_19ENE2018.pdf . 2018-02-26 .
  3. Web site: Ley del Régimen Municipal para el Estado de Baja California . es . Baja California State Congress . November 10, 2017 . February 25, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032812/http://www.congresobc.gob.mx/Parlamentarias/TomosPDF/Leyes/TOMO_I/Leyregimenmpal_10NOV2017.pdf . February 26, 2018 . dead .
  4. Book: OECD . OECD . November 12, 2004 . New Forms of Governance for Economic Development . OECD Publishing . 121 . 978-9-2640-1532-6 . 2017-12-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042137/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tBC7MYzs_woC&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121 . 2017-12-01 . live .
  5. Book: International Business Publications . 2009 . Mexico Company Laws and Regulations Handbook . 42 . 978-1-4330-7030-3 . 2017-07-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170729050906/https://books.google.ca/books?id=ENsRpYrGTOQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 . 2017-07-29 . live .
  6. Book: Polo Martínez, Humberto . November 2012 . Administración pública comunitaria y gobierno local en México: Las autoridades auxiliares municipales . es . National Institute of Public Administration . 114 . 978-607-9026-26-4 . 2018-02-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180102073150/http://www.inap.mx/portal/images/pdf/book/67282.pdf . 2018-01-02 . live .
  7. Web site: Dictamen No. 94 . es . . 19 May 2021 . 7 January 2022.
  8. Web site: INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020. Tabulados del Cuestionario Básico – Baja California . es . 27 January 2021 . . INEGI. 2020 Population and Housing Census. Basic Questionnaire Tabulations – Baja California . Excel . 2020 . live . 28 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210128014937/https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/cpv2020_b_ags_01_poblacion.xlsx . 1–4.
  9. Web site: Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010 - SCITEL. es. INEGI. 2021-01-27.
  10. Web site: Unidad de Microrregiones Cédulas de Información Municipal (SCIM). Secretaría de Desarrollo Social. Spanish. November 18, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180101082312/http://www.microrregiones.gob.mx/zap/Default.aspx?entra=nacion&valor=02. 2018-01-01. live.
  11. Book: 1996 . Estado de Baja California. División Territorial de 1810 a 1995. . 65–66 . Spanish . Mexico . INEGI . 978-970-13-1487-6 . 2018-01-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063527/http://internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/historicos/2104/702825222284/702825222284_7.pdf . 2018-01-06 . live .
  12. . FELICITA MARINA DEL PILAR A SAN FELIPE, SÉPTIMO MUNICIPIO DE BAJA CALIFORNIA . San Felipe . Government of Baja California . 1 January 2022 . 7 January 2022.
  13. Web site: Programa Estatal de Protección al Ambiente 2022-2027. May 10, 2024. www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/.
  14. Web site: San Quintín será sexto municipio de Baja California. Matias. Erik. February 12, 2020 . www.elfinanciero.com.mx . El Financiero. April 12, 2020 . Spanish.
  15. Web site: Población. es. INEGI. January 20, 2018. January 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000026/http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/temas/estructura/. dead.
  16. Web site: Censo Población y Vivienda 2020 . www.inegi.org.mx . INEGI . 26 January 2021.

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