A Coruña is a province in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain, that is divided into 93 municipalities. Spanish census, the province is the 12th largest by population, with inhabitants,[1] and the 32nd largest by land area, spanning 7950km2. Municipalities are the basic local political division in Spain and can only belong to one province. They enjoy a large degree of autonomy in their local administration, being in charge of tasks such as urban planning, water supply, lighting, roads, local police, and firefighting.
The organisation of municipalities in Spain is outlined in a local government law (es|Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local;) passed on 2 April 1985 and finalised by an 18 April 1986 royal decree. The Statute of Autonomy of A Coruña also contains provisions concerning the relations between the municipalities and the autonomous government of A Coruña. All citizens of Spain are required to register in the municipality in which they reside. Each municipality is a corporation with independent legal personhood: its governing body is called the ayuntamiento (municipal council or corporation), a term often also used to refer to the municipal offices (city and town halls). The ayuntamiento is composed of the mayor (es|alcalde), the deputy mayors (tenientes de alcalde) and the plenary assembly (pleno) of councillors (concejales). Municipalities are categorised by population for the purpose of determining the number of councillors: three when the population is up to 100 inhabitants, five for 101250, seven for 2511,000, nine for 1,0012,000, eleven for 2,0015,000, thirteen for 5,00110,000, seventeen for 10,00120,000, twenty-one for 20,00150,000, and twenty-five for 50,001100,000.
The mayor and the deputy mayors are elected by the plenary assembly, which is itself elected by universal suffrage. Elections in municipalities with more than 250 inhabitants are carried out following a proportional representation system with closed lists, whilst those with a population lower than 250 use a block plurality voting system with open lists. The plenary assembly must meet periodically at the seat of the ayuntamiento, with meetings occurring more or less frequently depending on the population of the municipality: monthly for those whose population is larger than 20,000, once every two months if it ranges between 5,001 and 20,000, and once every three months if it does not exceed 5,000. Many ayuntamientos also have a local governing board (es|junta de gobierno local), which is named by the mayor from amongst the councillors and is required for municipalities of more than 5,000 inhabitants. The board, whose role is to assist the mayor between meetings of the plenary assembly, may not include more than one third of the councillors. The Galician name is the sole official although older or informal texts may use the Spanish language forms or spellings.[2]
The largest municipality by population in the province as of the 2023 Spanish census is A Coruña, its capital, with 249,964 residents, while the smallest is Vilarmaior, with 1231 residents. The largest municipality by area is, which spans km², while is the smallest at km².