Newbury, Berkshire Explained

Country:England
Type:Market town
Official Name:Newbury
Static Image Name:Newbury-clocktower-2018.jpg
Static Image Caption:Newbury clock tower at sunset in 2018
Static Image 2 Caption:Flag
Coordinates:51.401°N -1.323°W
Population:33,841
Population Ref:(2021 Census)[1]
Area Total Km2:9.9
Unitary England:West Berkshire
Region:South East England
Lieutenancy England:Berkshire
Constituency Westminster:Newbury
Post Town:NEWBURY
Postcode District:RG14
Postcode Area:RG
Dial Code:01635
Os Grid Reference:SU4767
London Distance:60-1NaN-1[2]

Newbury is a market town in West Berkshire, England, in the valley of the River Kennet. It is south of Oxford, north of Winchester, southeast of Swindon and west of Reading. It is also where West Berkshire Council is headquartered.

Newbury lies on the edge of the Berkshire Downs, part of the North Wessex Downs Area of outstanding natural beauty, 3miles north of the HampshireBerkshire county boundary. In the suburban village of Donnington lies the part-ruined Donnington Castle and the surrounding hills are home to some of the country's most famous racehorse training grounds (centred on nearby Lambourn). To the south is a narrower range of hills including Walbury Hill and a few private landscape gardens and mansions, such as Highclere Castle. The local economy is inter-related to that of the eastern M4 corridor, which has most of its industrial, logistical and research businesses close to Newbury, mostly around Reading, Bracknell, Maidenhead and Slough. Together with the adjoining town of Thatcham, 3miles distant, Newbury forms the principal part of an urban area of approximately 70,000 people.[3]

Newbury is also home to Newbury Racecourse, as well as being the location of the headquarters of Vodafone and the software company Micro Focus International. The town centres around a large market square and retains a rare medieval Cloth Hall, an adjoining half timbered granary, and the 15th-century St Nicolas Church, along with 17th- and 18th-century listed buildings.

History

There was a Mesolithic settlement at Newbury. Artefacts were recovered from the Greenham Dairy Farm in 1963, and the Faraday Road site in 2002.[4] Additional material was found in excavations along the route of the Newbury Bypass.[5] Newbury was founded late in the 11th century following the Norman conquest as a new borough, hence its name. Although there are references to the borough that predate the Domesday Book it is not mentioned by name in the survey. However, its existence within the manor of Ulvritone is evident from the massive rise in value of that manor at a time when most manors were worth less than in Saxon times. In 1086 the Domesday Book[6] assesses the borough as having land for 12 ploughs, 2 mills, woodland for 25 pigs, 11 villeins (resident farmhands, unfree peasant who owed his lord labour services), 11 bordars (unfree peasants with less land than villans/villeins), and 51 enclosures (private parks) rendering 70s 7d.

Doubt has been cast over the existence of Newbury Castle,[7] but the town did have royal connections and was visited a number of times by King John and Henry III while hunting in the area. The first reference to a bridge on the site of the current Newbury Bridge is an account of its reconstruction in the 14th Century. In 1312, King Edward II directed that its bridge should be kept in good order.[8] By 1623, when the bridge collapsed, it was recorded as being built of wood, being 300NaN0 in length and 200NaN0 in width, and having shops on it. The bridge was presumably rebuilt, as it is recorded that in 1644 a guard was placed on the bridge.[9]

Historically, the town's economic foundation was the cloth trade. This is reflected in the person of the 16th-century cloth magnate, Jack of Newbury,[10] the proprietor of what may well have been the first factory in England, and the later tale of the Newbury Coat. The latter was the outcome of a bet as to whether a gentleman's suit could be produced by the end of the day from wool taken from a sheep's back at the beginning. The local legend was later immortalized in a humorous novel by Elizabethan writer Thomas Deloney. Newbury was the site of two battles during the English Civil War, the First Battle of Newbury[11] (at Wash Common) in 1643, and the Second Battle of Newbury[12] (at Speen) in 1644. The nearby Donnington Castle[13] was reduced to a ruin in the aftermath of the second battle. The disruption of trade during the civil war, compounded by a collapse of the local cloth trade in the late 16th century, left Newbury impoverished.

The local economy was boosted in the 18th century by the rise of Bath as a popular destination for the wealthy escaping London's summer heat and associated stench. Newbury was roughly halfway between London and Bath and an obvious stopping point in the two-day journey. Soon Newbury, and the Speenhamland area in particular, was filled with coaching inns of ever increasing grandeur and size. One inn, the George & Pelican, was reputed to have stabling for 300 horses. A theatre was built to provide the travellers with entertainment featuring the major stars of the age. In 1795 local magistrates, meeting at the George and Pelican Inn in Speenhamland, introduced the Speenhamland System which tied parish poor relief (welfare payments) to the cost of bread.[14]

In 1723, the Kennet Navigation made the River Kennet navigable downstream from Newbury to the River Thames in Reading. Some 70 years later, in 1794, work started on the centre section of the Kennet and Avon Canal, which would extend the Kennet Navigation to Bath, thus providing a through water route between London and Bristol via Newbury. This route was finally completed in 1810.[9] [15] The opening of the Great Western Railway from London to Bath in 1841 effectively killed the canal and coaching trades, and as the line passed some 25km (16miles) to the north it brought no advantage to the town. had to wait until 1847 to join the railway network, with the opening of the Berks and Hants Railway branch line from to via Newbury, and until 1906 to be on a main line, with the opening of the Reading-Taunton line. As a result, Newbury became something of a backwater market town, with an economy based largely on agriculture and horse-racing. The last use of the stocks in Newbury, and probably the UK, was on 11 June 1872 when Mark Tuck was placed in them for 4 hours.[16] In the 1980s, British electronics firm Racal decided to locate their newly formed telecommunications company Racal Vodafone, later Vodafone UK, in the town. In the subsequent decades Newbury became something of a regional centre for the high-tech industries, and the town has since enjoyed a return to general economic prosperity.

Greenham Common

A large Royal Air Force station was established during the Second World War at Greenham Common on the edge of the town. In the 1950s, it became home to US Air Force bombers and tankers, for which it was equipped with the longest military runway in the United Kingdom. In the 1980s, it became one of only two USAF bases in the UK equipped with ground-launched nuclear-armed cruise missiles, causing it to become the site of protests by up to 40,000 protesters and the establishment of the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp. With the end of the Cold War, the base was closed, the runway was broken up, much of it used as fill material in building the Newbury bypass, and the area was restored to heathland. This project then saw Greenham and Crookham commons reopened to the public in 2000.

1943 bombing

On 10 February 1943, two German bombers, Dornier Do 217s from ll/KG40 Bomber unit in Holland, on a nuisance raid, followed the Great Western Railway line running west from London. One of the bombers headed towards Reading while the other followed the line all the way to Newbury. At 4:43pm the bomber dropped eight high-explosive bombs over the town. There had been no time for a warning siren. The Senior Council School, St. Bartholomew's Almshouses, St. John's Church (just the altar was left standing) and Southampton Terrace were all destroyed, and another 265 dwellings were damaged, many of which had to be demolished. St John's Church was completely rebuilt after the war. 15 people were killed and a further 41 people were injured, 25 seriously.[17]

Government

Arms of Newbury Town Council
Shield:Gules on a Fesse Argent between in chief a Teazle Flower between two Garbs and in base as many Swords in saltire points upwards Or a Bar wavy Azure.
Crest:On a Wreath Or and Azure a Castle of three Towers domed Gules flying from the centre tower a forked Pennant Argent charged with a Bar wavy Azure and from the exterior towers a Flag also Azure.
Motto:Floruit Floreat
Notes:Granted to the borough council on 24th June 1948.[18]

Newbury is the administrative centre of the district administered by the unitary authority of West Berkshire, which as of 2011 has a population of 153,822 (an approximately straight-line increase of 15,022 since 1991).[19] Newbury is also a civil parish, with parish council responsibilities undertaken by Newbury Town Council, based at Newbury Town Hall, since 1997. Newbury Town Council currently has 23 councillors, representing seven wards of the town, currently: Brummel Grove, Clay Hill, Falkland, Northcroft, Pyle Hill, Victoria and St Johns. In the 2023 United Kingdom local elections, the Liberal Democrats retained control of the Town Council, with 21 councillors elected, alongside 2 Green Party councillors.[20]

In the House of Commons, the town is in the Newbury constituency. Since the General Election of July 2024 this constituency has been represented by Lee Dillon, a Liberal Democrat. From 1999 to 2020 Newbury was part of the South East England European Parliament constituency electing MEPs by proportional representation.

Twin towns

The twinning ceremonies were held at the Corn Exchange. Newbury is twinned with the following:

Geography

The Civil Parish of Newbury consists of the town and the suburbs of Wash Common, The City, West Fields, East Fields and Speenhamland. The modern conurbation of Newbury, however, with close bus and road links and almost contiguous development, may be taken to include the surrounding villages of Speen, Donnington, Shaw and Greenham.[22] Speen, which is now a suburb of western Newbury, is roughly equidistant between Bristol[23] and London.[24]

Elevations vary from a minimum of 72 m above mean sea level to 122 m at Wash Common. Elevations reach 150–200 m in the directly adjoining hills.[22] The River Kennet and the Kennet and Avon Canal flow east through the centre of the town to reach the Thames at Reading, while the River Lambourn (beside which is the country's largest horse-training paddocks in the Valley of the Lambourn Downs) partly forms its northern boundary, ending in the town. A tributary that is smaller still, the River Enborne, forms the southern boundary (and also the county boundary with Hampshire).

Adjoining the town's south-eastern border is Greenham Common and the famous Newbury Racecourse. Newbury is surrounded on three sides (north, west and south) by the North Wessex Downs. The downland to the south rises steeply out of the river valley providing scenic views, including Watership Down (made famous by the novel of the same name), Beacon Hill, the southeast's highest point Walbury Hill, and Combe Gibbet.

Demography

Newbury has two very narrowly buffered settlements, Thatcham (25,267inh. as at 2011) and Shaw cum Donnington (1,686 inh. as at 2011) forming an identifiable, informal greater Newbury urban and suburban conglomeration. In major use classes 11% of Newbury's land is occupied by roads and as of 2005, 34% of its land was occupied by domestic gardens.

+ 2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005[25]
Output areaHomes owned outrightOwned with a loanSocially rentedPrivately rentedOtherkm2 roadskm2 waterkm2 domestic gardensUsual residents km2
Civil parish3816 4549 2589 2464 133 1.146 0.189 3.430 41075 9.9

Economy

Newbury and its immediate surroundings constitute the major commercial and retail centre of West Berkshire. The local economy is inter-related to that of the eastern M4 corridor which has most of its industrial, logistical and research businesses close to Newbury, Reading and Slough, with smaller industrial estates in the county at Theale, Bracknell and Maidenhead. Newbury is home to the United Kingdoms headquarters of the mobile network operator Vodafone, which is the town's largest employer with over 6,000 workers. Before moving to their £129 million headquarters in the outskirts of the town in 2002, Vodafone used 64 buildings spread across the town centre.[26]

As well as Vodafone, Newbury is also home to the United Kingdom headquarters of National Instruments, Micro Focus, Stryker Corporation, Cognito, EValue and Newbury Building Society. The pharmaceutical company Bayer AG are also headquartered in the town, although in October 2015 the company announced their intention to move to the Green Park Business Park near Reading.[27]

Transport

Rail

Today, Newbury is served by two railway stations, and, which both are on the Reading to Taunton line. It was also served by the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway until this closed in the 1960s.

Road

Following a similar east–west route is the A4 road from London to Bristol, historically the main route west from London. This road has been superseded as a long-distance route by the M4 motorway which runs almost parallel and can be accessed 3miles to the north at the Chieveley interchange at Junction 13. At Newbury this east–west route is crossed by a dual-carriageway north–south trunk road, from the major south coast port of Southampton to the industrial centres of the Midlands. Although this route was once served by the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway, today it is only served by the A34 road, which now bypasses Newbury to the west on an alignment partially using the old rail route (see also 'Newbury Bypass' below).

Until the completion of the bypass, the A34 and A4 met in the town centre at the Robin Hood Roundabout, a complicated gyratory system encompassing 6 approaching roads, a fire station, ambulance station and an exit on the inside of the roundabout, which has a north–south flyover across the roundabout. In 2007, the sculpture Couple in Conversation was unveiled on the roundabout, providing a new landmark for one of the major gateways into the town. Other significant roads radiating from Newbury include the A339 which now includes the renumbered part of the old A34 through the town centre and then heads towards Basingstoke and the M3 motorway, the A343 to Andover, the B4000 to Lambourn, the B4494 to Wantage and the B4009 to Streatley.

Bus services

Most local bus services were provided by Newbury Buses, a division of Reading Buses until August 2011, when they were transferred to private companies. The Link and route 7 remain in private hands, operated by Stagecoach South, with West Berkshire Connect also operating some services.

Newbury bypass

The town's location at the intersection of the routes from London to Bristol and from Southampton to Birmingham made it, for many years, a transport bottleneck. In 1963 a dual carriageway was built east of the town centre to ease congestion and the opening of the M4 motorway in 1971 moved the intersection of these major trunk routes 3miles north of the town, to Chieveley. The ring road around the town still suffered serious congestion and the Newbury bypass was proposed in 1981. The plans were approved in 1990. The road was built and finally opened in 1998. In August 2004, the improved A34-M4 junction was re-opened which allowed north–south traffic on the A34 to completely bypass the earlier roundabout at the M4. This junction continued to be improved, with new road markings and traffic signals completed in 2008.

Education

Newbury has three main secondary schools:

There is also Newbury College, a further and higher education college, funded by a private finance initiative, and Mary Hare School, a residential co-educational community special needs school for deaf pupils.

Independent schools nearby include:

Sports and leisure

Newbury is home to one of England's major racecourses, Newbury Racecourse, which held its first race meeting in 1905.[28] The most prestigious race in the calendar is the Hennessy Gold Cup, which normally takes place in late November. The Racecourse also frequently plays host to a series of concerts on race days during the summer, which has included Olly Murs, Craig David, Tom Jones, Rick Astley and Madness in recent years.[29]

Northcroft Lido in Newbury's Northcroft Park is one of the last remaining lidos in the United Kingdom. It was originally built in the 1890s, although the current structure was erected in the 1930s. The pool is still in use today and received a major renovation in summer 2023.[30] It is owned and subsidised by West Berkshire Council but is managed by an external contractor, Parkwood Leisure.[31]

Newbury was home to A.F.C. Newbury, with their home ground situated at Faraday Road near the town centre, but the club collapsed after Vodafone pulled its sponsorship of the team in May 2006.[32] A local pub team from the Old London Apprentice took over the Faraday Road ground temporarily and rebranded itself as Newbury F.C. in 2007, which has played in the Hellenic Football League since 2008. The team were forced to leave their home ground at Faraday Road in 2018, with the site remaining derelict since and the team playing in a number of temporary venues, including in nearby Lambourn. However, work began in May 2023 to restore the football ground at Faraday Road following the election of a new Liberal Democrat-run local council.[33]

Newbury's rugby union club Newbury R.F.C., founded in 1928, has been based at a purpose-built ground at Monks Lane since 1996.[34] The town has two cricket teams, including Newbury Cricket Club, founded in 1822 and playing at Northcroft Playing Fields,[35] and Falkland Cricket Club, which in May 2023 hosted the first ever professional cricket match in West Berkshire with a match between the Southern Vipers and South East Stars in the Charlotte Edwards Cup.[36]

Newbury has two athletics clubs, Team Kennet and Newbury Athletics Club, which train at the Crookham Common Athletics Track.[37] The town is also home to numerous golf courses. The most notable is situated at the historic Donnington Grove estate, built in 1763 and where a golf course was opened in 1993.[38]

Victoria Park is the town's main park, located near the centre of the town, and includes tennis courts, a boating pond, adventure golf course, skatepark and bowling green.[39] The park is frequently used for local events throughout the year, such as the Newbury Waterways Festival in July.[40] Between 2004 and 2011, the Park's bandstand played host to the Keep Off The Grass (KOTG) dance music event.[41] Until 2018, it was also the finish line of the Crafty Craft, an improvised raft race along the canal.[42]

Newbury's arts scene is primarily centred around the Corn Exchange, a 400-seat auditorium situated in the Market Place which provides a venue for both professional and amateur live performances as well as hosting an independent cinema.[43] English rock band the Who performed at the Corn Exchange in 1966.[44] The Watermill Theatre, a 220-seat theatre, is located just outside Newbury in Bagnor,[45] and the former Greenham Common air force base is home to The Base, a dedicated arts centre which opened in 2019 in partnership with the Corn Exchange and Greenham Trust.[46]

Since 1979, the Newbury Spring Festival of classical music has brought internationally renowned soloists and ensembles to a variety of venues in and around the town. The Newbury Comedy Festival emerged as a major event in 2004 and played host to comedians such as Alan Carr and Jo Brand, but ended in 2012.

Newbury Showground, located to the north of the town centre in Hermitage, is also a major local events venue. Most notably, it hosts the annual Newbury Show every September, an agricultural and farming show which attracts over 50,000 visitors and which returned in 2023 after a 3-year hiatus.[44]

Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian from the Hannington TV transmitter.

There are four main local radio stations broadcasting in the Newbury area; BBC Radio Berkshire; a community radio station, Kennet Radio; and two Independent Local Radio stations – Greatest Hits Radio Berkshire & North Hampshire (formerly 'Newbury Sound', 'Kick FM', 'Kestrel FM' and 'The Breeze') which broadcasts from Newbury, and Heart South (formerly 2-Ten FM) which broadcasts into the area from nearby Reading. The following local newspapers are distributed in Newbury (circulation):[47]

Places of interest

Notable people

A number of notable people have originated from, worked, lived or died in Newbury:

Nobles killed at the First Battle of Newbury

See also

General and cited references

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Newbury . City population . 25 October 2022.
  2. Web site: Grid Reference Finder . www.gridreferencefinder.com . 5 May 2021 . 13 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180113054429/http://www.gridreferencefinder.com/ . live .
  3. Web site: United Kingdom: Urban Areas in England - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts. www.citypopulation.de. 28 June 2015. 6 June 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070606213742/http://www.citypopulation.de/UK-EnglandUA.html. live.
  4. "An Early Mesolithic Seasonal Hunting Site in the Kennet Valley, Southern England" by C.J. Ellis, Michael J. Allen, Julie Gardiner, Phil Harding, Claire Ingrem, Adrienne Powell & Robert G. Scaife Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 69: (2003)
  5. Birbeck, Vaughan (2000) Archaeological Investigations on the A34 Newbury Bypass, Berkshire/Hampshire, 1991-7 Trust for Wessex Archaeology Ltd., ;
  6. Web site: Newbury recorded in the Domesday Book. www.newburyhistory.co.uk. 2 May 2018. 3 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503042800/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/domesday-book. live.
  7. Web site: Newbury Castle. www.newburyhistory.co.uk. 2 May 2018. 3 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503042802/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/newbury-castle. live.
  8. Web site: Maxwell Lyte . H.C. . Close Rolls, Edward II: November 1312 Pages 556-559 Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward II: Volume 1, 1307-1313. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1892. . British History Online . 20 August 2020 . 21 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201021112659/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-close-rolls/edw2/vol1/pp556-559 . live .
  9. Web site: Newbury Bridge . Newbury History . newburyhistory.co.uk . 13 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200315143442/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/newbury-bridge . 15 March 2020 . live.
  10. Web site: Jack of Newbury (1489-1557). www.newburyhistory.co.uk. 2 May 2018. 3 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503042730/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/jack-of-newbury. live.
  11. Web site: First Battle of Newbury 1643. www.newburyhistory.co.uk. 2 May 2018. 3 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503042715/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/first-battle-of-newbury. live.
  12. Web site: Second Battle of Newbury 1644. www.newburyhistory.co.uk. 2 May 2018. 3 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503042742/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/second-battle-of-newbury. live.
  13. Web site: Donnington Castle. www.newburyhistory.co.uk. 2 May 2018. 8 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180208005530/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/donnington-castle. live.
  14. Web site: The Bread Riot at Newbury during 1766. www.newburyhistory.co.uk. 2 May 2018. 3 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503042720/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/bread-riot. live.
  15. Book: Russell, John . The Kennet & Avon Canal: A journey from Newbury to Bath in 1964 . 1997 . Millstream Books . Bath, UK . 978-0-948975-46-2 . 11.
  16. News: . 13 June 1872 . Revival of the stocks . London Evening Standard . London.
  17. Web site: The day Newbury was bombed in 1943. www.newburyhistory.co.uk. 22 February 2018. 22 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180222165809/http://www.newburyhistory.co.uk/ww2-newbury-bombing. live.
  18. Web site: NEWBURY TOWN COUNCIL (BERKSHIRE) . Robert Young . 31 October 2019 . 24 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191024060618/http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/south_central.html#newbury%20tc . live .
  19. Web site: 2011 Census (Excel). 12 December 2012. 24 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115105/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/population-and-household-estimates-for-england-and-wales---unrounded-figures-for-the-data-published-16-july-2012/rft-1-2-ew-fact-file.xls. live.
  20. Web site: 2023-05-04 . Election results by party, 4 May 2023 . 2023-09-06 . decisionmaking.westberks.gov.uk.
  21. Web site: British towns twinned with French towns. 11 July 2013. Archant Community Media Ltd. 5 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns. live.
  22. Web site: OS Maps - online and App mapping system - Ordnance Survey Shop. getamap.ordnancesurvey.co.uk. 12 December 2012. 5 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210505201643/https://shop.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/apps/os-maps/. live.
  23. Web site: Distance between Berkshire, Speen, United Kingdom and Bristol (UK). distancecalculator.globefeed.com. 10 April 2021. 10 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210410201649/https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Berkshire,+Speen,+United+Kingdom&toplace=Bristol&dt1=ChIJo_IKermodkgRp0UVguLNi_4&dt2=ChIJYdizgWaDcUgRH9eaSy6y5I4. live.
  24. Web site: Distance between Berkshire, Speen, United Kingdom and London, United Kingdom (UK). distancecalculator.globefeed.com. 10 April 2021. 10 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210410201649/https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Berkshire,+Speen,+United+Kingdom&toplace=London,+United+Kingdom&dt1=ChIJo_IKermodkgRp0UVguLNi_4&dt2=ChIJdd4hrwug2EcRmSrV3Vo6llI. live.
  25. Web site: Local statistics - Office for National Statistics. neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. 5 May 2021. 11 February 2003. https://web.archive.org/web/20030211201309/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/. live.
  26. News: vnunet.com. How Vodafone moved to a mobile environment. 24 September 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201155/http://www.vnunet.com/computing/features/2072443/vodafone-moved-mobile-environment. 30 September 2007.
  27. Web site: EXCLUSIVE: Bayer to leave Newbury. 22 October 2015 . 22 October 2015. 24 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151024233918/http://www.newburytoday.co.uk/news/home/16180/EXCLUSIVE--Bayer-to-leave-Newbury.html. live.
  28. Web site: Ltd . Indzine . About The Racecourse . 2023-09-06 . Newbury Racecourse . en-GB.
  29. Web site: Newbury Racecourse, Newbury, England Concert Setlists setlist.fm . 2023-09-06 . www.setlist.fm.
  30. Web site: Northcroft Lido . 2023-09-06 . West Berkshire Council . en.
  31. Web site: Leisure and Sports Centres in United Kingdom | Swimming | Health & Fitness| Tennis | Gym | Dance | Squash | Aerobics . Leisure-centre.com . 9 June 2012 . 1 September 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20050901180038/http://www.leisure-centre.com/ . live .
  32. News: 23 May 2006 . Vodafone ends AFC Newbury deal . Newbury Weekly News . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062511/http://www.newburytoday.co.uk/News/Article.aspx?articleID=2242 . 3 December 2007.
  33. Web site: 2023-05-24 . Football to return to Faraday Road . 2023-09-06 . Newbury Today . en.
  34. News: Rugby at its best . Newbury Weekly News Advertiser . October 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090320143622/http://www.newburyrfc.co.uk/NRFC%20wrap.pdf . 20 March 2009.
  35. Web site: Newbury CC . 2023-09-06 . newbury.play-cricket.com.
  36. Web site: 2023-05-25 . Landmark moment as professional cricket comes to Falkland . 2023-09-06 . Newbury Today . en.
  37. Web site: Crookham Common Athletics Track – Team Kennet . 2023-09-06 . en-US.
  38. Web site: The History of Donnington Grove Hotel Hotel in Newbury . 2023-09-06 . Donnington Grove . en.
  39. Web site: Victoria Park, Newbury . 2023-09-06 . www.newbury.gov.uk.
  40. Web site: 2022-07-08 . All aboard for Waterways festival . 2023-09-06 . Newbury Today . en.
  41. Web site: Victoria Park, Newbury . 2023-09-06 . www.newbury.gov.uk.
  42. Web site: 2021-12-07 . Newbury Crafty Craft is seeking a new organiser for 2022 onwards! - Visit Newbury . 2023-09-06 . en-GB.
  43. Web site: About us . 2023-09-06 . Corn Exchange Newbury . en-GB.
  44. Web site: The Who Setlist at Corn Exchange, Newbury . 2023-09-06 . setlist.fm . en.
  45. Web site: The Watermill Theatre - About Us . 2023-09-06 . www.watermill.org.uk.
  46. Web site: About us . 2023-09-06 . The Base Greenham . en-GB.
  47. Web site: Home - ABC - Audit Bureau of Circulations. www.abc.org.uk. 5 May 2021. 10 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101110002853/http://www.abc.org.uk/. live.
  48. Web site: The Lower Raymond Almshouses, Newtown Road, Newbury . One Photograph a Day . 12 July 2020 . 30 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030163447/https://www.onephotographaday.org.uk/the-lower-raymond-almshouses-newtown-road-newbury/#.XwsBGihKhPY . live .
  49. Web site: Newbottle - Newcastle-upon-Tyne Pages 379-389 A Topographical Dictionary of England. Originally published by S Lewis, London, 1848. . British History Online . 12 July 2020 . 10 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200810044936/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp379-389a . live .
  50. News: McFarren, Robert . Richard Adams, Whose Novel 'Watership Down' Became a Phenomenon, Dies at 96 . 31 August 2021 . . 27 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161227230414/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/27/arts/richard-adams-author-of-watership-down-dies-at-96.html . 27 December 2016.
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