| Mukhtar Begum | |
| Birth Name: | Mukhtar Khanum |
| Birth Date: | 12 July 1901 |
| Birth Place: | Amritsar, Punjab, British India, (present-day India) |
| Death Place: | Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |
| Alias: | The Queen of Music Queen Songstress Melody Queen of India Queen of Indian Yalkie Music[1] Queen of Parsi Theatre |
| Education: | Patiala Gharana Music School |
| Years Active: | 1920 – 1982 |
| Spouse: | Agha Hashar Kashmiri (husband) |
| Children: | 1 |
| Parents: | Ghulam Muhammad (father) |
| Relatives: | Farida Khanum (sister) Sheeba Hassan (niece) |
Mukhtar Begum (born Mukhtar Khanum) was a Pakistani classical, ghazal singer and actress.[2] She was known as The Queen of Music, Queen of Indian Talkie Music, Queen Songstress, The Queen of Parsi Theatre and Melody Queen of India for singing songs in films, theatre and on radio.[3] She worked in Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu films and was known for her roles in films Hathili Dulhan, Ali Baba 40 Chor, Nala Damayanti, Dil ki Pyas, Ankh ka Nasha, Muflis Ashiq and Chatra Bakavali.[4]
Mukhtar Begum was born Mukhtar Khanum in 1901 in Amritsar, British India. Mukhtar was the older sister and she had four siblings, a sister including Farida Khanum and three brothers.[5]
Mukhtar's father Ghulam Muhammad was a great music lover and he used to play harmonium then he realized that his elder daughter Mukhtar Begum had a natural talent for music so he sent her to receive early training in classical singing under Ustad Shambhu Maharaj, Ustad Allah Daya Khan Meherban and Ustad Lachhu Maharaj. They trained her in thumri, dadra and ghazal singing.[6]
She attended Patiala Gharana's Classic Music School. A teacher named Ustad Mian Meherbaan Khan there liked her singing and he was the teacher of Ustad Aashiq Ali Khan. So he trained Mukhtar Begum in Hindustani vocal classical music since the age of seven.[7]
In 1920 she was regularly invited by Raja's and Maharajas at their royal courts and was given huge respect.[7] She was hired by Nizam of Hyderabad at his court and she would sing classical songs then he offered her to sit next to his Queen which was criticised by his court officials later he mentioned that the reason he have offered her to sit next to Queen's chair was because of her art and talent.[7]
In the 1930s, she moved to Kolkata and she did stage plays and theatre which were written by famous Urdu playwright and poet Agha Hashar Kashmiri.[8] [7] Mukhtar Begum also went to Bombay and there she also worked in theatre.[9] She worked mostly in parsi theatre plays and dramas later she was called The Queen of Parsi Theatre.[10]
After doing theatre, she started working in silent films and made her debut in 1931 and she appeared in both Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu films including Nala Damayanti, Dil ki Pyas, Ankh ka Nasha and Muflis Ashiq.[7] Mukhtar Begum also composed songs for two films in which she worked including Prem ki Aag and Bhesham.[11]
In Calcutta, She met Noor Jehan and her family and she encouraged Noor Jehan and her sisters to join films and theater. So she introduced them to some producers and to her husband Agha Hashar Kashmiri.[12]
Mukhtar Begum, along with her family, moved to Pakistan after Partition and she settled in Lahore.[13] [7] She continued to sing ghazals for radio and television.[14] [15] [16] At Lahore, Mukhtar Begum then went to Radio Pakistan. From there, she sang many songs.[17] [18] [19]
Mukhatr Begum also worked as a music teacher and she trained singer Naseem Begum and her own younger sister Farida Khanum in classical music singing and ghazals.[20]
In 1962 she was invited by president Ayub Khan when he established Agha Hashar Academy on september 20 in Lahore which he named after her husband Agha Hashar Kashmiri in his honor and for his contribution to arts field and she worked there as a teacher both in singing and acting department.[21]
Then she started acting in films and appeared in film Aina which was written by Bashir Niaz and directed by Nazar-ul-Islam the film was a Diamond Jubilee at the box office.
Mukhtar married Urdu poet, playwright and dramatist Agha Hashar Kashmiri later she had one child with him and Mukhtar's younger sister Farida Khanum is also a famous ghazal singer and her niece Sheeba Hassan is also an actress.[22] [7] [23]
Mukhtar Begum suffered a paralysis and contracted a prolonged illness from which she died on 25 February 1982 at age 80 in Karachi and she was laid to rest at Society's Graveyard in Karachi.[24] [25] [7]
| Year | Film | Language | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1932 | Ali Baba 40 Chor | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1932 | Chatra Bakawali | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1932 | Hathili Dulhan | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1932 | Hindustan | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1932 | Indrasabha | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1932 | Krishna Kant ki Wasiyat | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1932 | Muflis Ashiq | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1932 | Shravan Kumar | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1933 | Ankh ka Nasha | Urdu, Hindi | |
| 1933 | Aurat Ka Pyar | Hindi, Urdu[26] | |
| 1933 | Chantamini | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1933 | Nala Damayanti | Urdu, Hindi | |
| 1933 | Ramayan | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1934 | Seeta | Urdu, Hindi | |
| 1935 | Dil ki Pyas | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1935 | Majnu 1935 | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1936 | Prem ki Aag | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1937 | Bhesham | Hindi, Urdu | |
| 1940 | Matwali Mira | Punjabi | |
| 1941 | Chatra Bakvali | Punjabi | |
| 1977 | Aina | Urdu |