Muhammad Ghawth Explained
Muhammad Ghawth (Ghouse,[1] Ghaus or Gwath[2] [3]) Gwaliyari (1500–1562) was a 16th-century Sufi master of the Shattari order and Sufi saint, a musician,[4] and the author of Jawahir-i Khams (Arabic: al-Jawahir al-Khams, The Five Jewels). The book mentioning the life and miracles of Gaus named " Heaven's witness" was written by Kugle.[5]
Biography
Muhammad Ghawth was born in Gwalior, India in 1500; the name Gwaliyari means "of Gwalior". One of his ancestors was Fariduddin Attar of Nishapur.[6] In the preface of al-Jawahir al-Khams, he states that he wrote the book when he was 25 years old. In 1549 he travelled to Gujarat, when he was 50 years old. He stayed in Ahmedabad for ten years where he founded Ek Toda Mosque and preached.[7]
Ghawth translated the Amrtakunda from Sanskrit to Persian as the Bahr al-Hayat (The Ocean of Life), introducing to Sufism a set of yoga practices. According to the scholar Carl W. Ernst, in this "translation", Ghawth intentionally reframed these practices with great subtlety to identify "points of contact between the terminologies of Yoga and Sufism".[8]
Ghawth died in Gwalior in 1562.[9] His followers believed that he ascended to heaven and from there was able to direct help down to them; and further, that he was the "axial saint, the pivot of the universe".[9] [10]
"Among Ghawth's disciples is Fazl Allah Shattari (also known as Shah Fazl Shattari),[11] who wrote a biography[12] or monograph[13] in praise of his teacher.[13] Gwawth taught the Mughal Emperor Humayun.[14] [15] Akbar's court musician Tansen was also familiar with Sufism.[4] Badusha, Abdul Qadir, Shahul Hamid Meeran sahib Ganjasavoy Ganja bakhsh Ganja makhfi of nagore Tamil Nadu and Wajihudden Haidar Ali Sani Hussaini Ulvi Gujrati is also one his important disciple. Muhammad Ghawth died in 1562 CE. Ghawth's tomb, in Gwalior (a city in Madhya Pradesh in India), which was built in his honour by Akbar, is a well-known tourist attraction and regarded as an excellent example of Mughal Architecture. Tansen was buried in Ghawth's tomb complex.[4] "
Tomb at Gwalior
His tomb at Gwalior is famous of its stone lattices (jali) work.[16] The entire structure isenclosed on all sides by the elaborately and delicately carved stone lattice work.[17]
Sufi saeed Ali Shah was the former caretaker of the shrine.[18]
Works
- Jawahir-i-Khamsa (The Five Jewels) which was later translated to Arabic, al-Jawahir al-Khams, by the Mecca-based Shattari teacher Sibghat Allah (d. 1606 CE).[8] In this book Gaus also mentioned about the special creatures known as "Muakkil" which comes under the control of sufis by special Islam chant.[19]
- Bahr al-Hayat (The Ocean of Life), his translation and extension of Hawd al-Hayat (The Pool of Life), an Arabic translation of a lost Sanskrit text on yoga, the Amrtakunda.[20]
External links
Notes and References
- http://www.shattariyah.blogspot.com/ Shattari
- [Idries Shah]
- [Idries Shah]
- Book: Wade, Bonnie C. . Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India (Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology) . . 1998 . 113–115 . 0-226-86840-0 . registration . See google book search.
- Book: A. Azfar, Moin.
- Encyclopedia: Muḥammad G̲h̲awt̲h̲ Gwaliyārī . Encyclopaedia of Islam . 24 April 2012 . 2nd . Brill . 9 October 2019.
- Book: Achyut Yagnik . Ahmedabad: From Royal city to Megacity . 2 February 2011 . Penguin Books . 978-81-8475-473-5 . 42.
- Ernst . Carl W. . Sufism and Yoga according to Muhammad Ghawth . Sufi . 29 . Spring 1996 . 9–13 . 1996 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080908023342/http://www.unc.edu/~cernst/pdf/ghawth.pdf . 8 September 2008.
- Book: Kugle . Scott . Sufis & Saints' Bodies . Body Refined: The Eyes of Muhammad Ghawth . https://northcarolina.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5149/9780807872772_kugle/upso-9780807830819-chapter-4 . North Carolina University Press . July 2014 . 123–180 . 10.5149/9780807872772_kugle.10. 9780807830819 .
- Kugle . Scott A. . Heaven's Witness: The Uses and Abuses of Muḥammad Ghawth's Mystical Ascension . Journal of Islamic Studies . 2003 . 14 . 1, January 2003 . 1–36 . 10.1093/jis/14.1.1 . 26199837. 25373148 . 4199356 .
- Web site: Ernst . Carl W. . Sufism and Yoga according to Muhammad Ghawth . . 1996 . 2009-08-05 . 8 September 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080908023342/http://www.unc.edu/%7Ecernst/pdf/ghawth.pdf . dead . Reproduced from Sufi 29 (Spring 1996), pp 9-13.
- Web site: Chopra . Dr. Pran Nath . Life and Letters Under the Mughals . Ashajanak Publications (New Delhi) . 1976 . 2009-08-05. See Open library details.
- Book: Hadi
, Nabi
. Dictionary of Indo-Persian literature . Abhinav Publications . 1998 . 178–179 . 81-7017-311-6. See google book search.
- Book: Yasin
, Mohammad
. Reading in Indian History . Atlantic Publishers & Distributors (New Delhi) . 1988 . 42 . No ISBN. ASIN: B0006ERVCA.
- Book: Hastings
, James (author) and Selbie, John A. (editor)
. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 21 . Kessinger Publishing, LLC . 2003 . 69 . 0-7661-3700-7. See google book search.
- Nonperiodic Octagonal Patterns from a Jali Screen in the Mausoleum of Muhammad Ghaus in Gwalior and Their Periodic Relatives . 10.1007/s00004-016-0316-6 . 2017 . Makovicky . Emil . Makovicky . Nicolette M. . Nexus Network Journal . 19 . 101–120 .
- https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2105051.pdf Jaalis Lattice Screens of India, Asavari Mohdiwale, Smita Agrawal, JETIR May 2021, Volume 8, Issue 5
- sufishattari website 2007.
- Book: Annals of Oriental Research - Volume 32, Part 1 - Page 63.
- Book: Ernst, Carl W. . Chapter 8: Sufism and Yoga according to Muhammad Ghawth . Refractions of Islam in India: Situating Sufism and Yoga . 2016 . Sage . 978-93-5150-964-6 . 121–129.
