| Official Name: | Mstsislaw |
| Native Name: | |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Other Name: | Mstislavl |
| Flag Size: | 150 |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Belarus |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Mogilev Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Mstsislaw District |
| Pushpin Map: | Belarus |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date: | 1156 |
| Population As Of: | 2024 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 10,019 |
| Timezone: | MSK |
| Utc Offset: | +3 |
| Coordinates: | 54.0167°N 74°W |
| Blank Name: | License plate |
| Blank Info: | 6 |
Mstislaw or Mstislavl (Belarusian: Мсціслаў|Mscislaŭ, in Belarusian pronounced as /msʲt͡sʲiˈsɫau̯/; Russian: Мстиславль, pronounced as /ru/;[2] [3] Polish: Mścisław, Lithuanian: Mstislavlis) is a town in Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Mstsislaw District. In 2009, its population was 10,804.[4] As of 2024, it has a population of 10,019.[1]
Mstislavl was first mentioned in the Ipatiev Chronicle in 1156. It was initially a part of the Principality of Smolensk, but had become the capital of the Principality of Mstislavl by 1180. In the Middle Ages, it was the seat of the Mstislavsky princely family. Pyotr Mstislavets is believed to have been born in Mstislavl.
In 1377, the town joined the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the free will of its residents. The first Lithuanian duke of Mstislavl was Karigaila, brother of Jogaila. The town remained part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Mścisław Voivodship until the Partitions of Poland in 1772.
Buildings of historic interest in the town include the Carmelite church (1637, renovated 1746–50) and the Jesuit cathedral (1640, renovated 1730–38, turned into an Orthodox cathedral in 1842).
Jews had a historic presence in the town. In 1939, there were 2,067 Jews living in Mstislavl, representing almost 20% of the local population. The German army occupied the town in July 1941. In early October, they killed 30 elderly Jews. On October 15, 1941, together with the local police, they murdered between 850 and 1,300 Jews.[5]
The town is the birthplace of Jewish historian and writer Simon Dubnow, Jewish statesman and Communist politician Yakov Chubin, and expressionist artist Abraham A. Manievich, among others.