Charlie and the Chocolate Factory explained

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Author:Roald Dahl
Country:United Kingdom
Language:English
Genre:Children's fantasy novel
Release Date:17 January 1964 (US version)
23 November 1964 (UK version)
Pages:Unknown
Oclc:9318922
Followed By:Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka.[1]

The story was originally inspired by Roald Dahl's experience of chocolate companies during his schooldays at Repton School in Derbyshire. Cadbury would often send test packages to the schoolchildren in exchange for their opinions on the new products.[2] At that time (around the 1920s), Cadbury and Rowntree's were England's two largest chocolate makers and they each often tried to steal trade secrets by sending spies, posing as employees, into the other's factory—inspiring Dahl's idea for the recipe-thieving spies (such as Wonka's rival Slugworth) depicted in the book.[3] Because of this, both companies became highly protective of their chocolate-making processes. It was a combination of this secrecy and the elaborate, often gigantic, machines in the factory that inspired Dahl to write the story.[4]

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is frequently ranked among the most popular works in children's literature.[5] [6] [7] In 2012, Charlie Bucket brandishing a Golden Ticket appeared in a Royal Mail first class stamp in the UK.[8] The novel was first published in the U.S. by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. in 1964 and in the U.K. by George Allen & Unwin 11 months later. The book's sequel, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, was written by Dahl in 1971 and published in 1972. Dahl had also planned to write a third book in the series but never finished it.[9]

The book has also been adapted into two major motion pictures: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory in 1971 and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in 2005. A stand-alone film exploring Willy Wonka's origins titled Wonka was released in 2023. The book has spawned a media franchise with multiple video games, theatrical productions and merchandise.

Plot

Charlie Bucket lives in poverty with his parents and grandparents in a town which is home to a world-famous chocolate factory. One day, Charlie's bedridden Grandpa Joe tells him about Willy Wonka, the factory's eccentric owner, and all of his fantastical candies. Rival chocolatiers sent in spies to steal his recipes, forcing Wonka to close the factory and disappear. He reopened the factory years later, but the gates remain locked and nobody knows who is providing the factory with its workforce.

The next day, the newspaper announces that Wonka has hidden five Golden Tickets in Wonka Bars; the finders of these tickets will be invited to come and tour the factory. The first four tickets are found by gluttonous Augustus Gloop, spoiled Veruca Salt, gum-chewing Violet Beauregarde, and television addict Mike Teavee. One day, Charlie buys a Wonka Bar with some money he found in the snow; the bar contains the fifth and final ticket. Upon hearing the news, Grandpa Joe regains his mobility and volunteers to accompany Charlie to the factory.

On the day of the tour, Wonka welcomes the five children and their parents inside the factory, a wonderland of confectionery creations that defy logic. They also meet the Oompa-Loompas, a race of impish humanoids who help him operate the factory. During the tour, the other four children give in to their impulses and are ejected from the tour in darkly comical ways: Augustus falls into the Chocolate River and is sucked up a pipe, Violet turns into a giant blueberry after chewing an experimental stick of three-course dinner gum, Veruca and her parents fall down a garbage chute after the former tries to capture one of the nut-testing squirrels, and Mike is shrunk down to the size of a chocolate bar after misusing the Television Chocolate device despite Wonka's warnings. The Oompa-Loompas sing about the children's misbehaviour each time disaster strikes.

With only Charlie remaining, Wonka congratulates him for "winning" the factory. Wonka explains that the whole tour was designed to help him find a worthy heir to his business, and Charlie was the only child whose inherent genuineness passed the test. They ride the Great Glass Elevator and watch the other four children leave the factory before flying to Charlie's house, where Wonka invites the entire Bucket family to come and live with him in the factory.

Characters

See main article: List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters.

Publication

Race, editing, and censorship

See also: Roald Dahl revision controversy. Dahl's widow said that Charlie was originally written as "a little black boy." Dahl's biographer said the change to a white character was driven by Dahl's agent, who thought a black Charlie would not appeal to readers.[10] [11]

In the first published edition, the Oompa-Loompas were described as African pygmies, and were drawn this way in the original printed edition.[10] After the announcement of a film adaptation sparked a statement from the NAACP, which expressed concern that the transportation of Oompa-Loompas to Wonka's factory resembled slavery, Dahl found himself sympathising with their concerns and published a revised edition.[10] In this edition, as well as the subsequent sequel, the Oompa-Loompas were drawn as being white and appearing similar to hippies, and the references to Africa were deleted.[10]

In 2023, publisher Puffin made more than eighty additional changes to the original text of the book, such as: removing every occurrence of the word fat (including referring to Augustus Gloop as "enormous" rather than "enormously fat" and greatly changing the words of his song); removing most references to the Oompa-Loompa's diminutive size and physical appearance and omitting descriptions of them living in trees and wearing deerskins and leaves; removing or changing the words mad, crazy, and queer; omitting many references to Mike Teavee's toy guns; and removing references to corporal punishment (such as changing "She needs a really good spanking" to "She needs a really good talking to" and "She wants a good kick in the pants" to "She needs to learn some manners").[12] [13]

Unused chapters

Various unused and draft material from Dahl's early versions of the novel have been found. In the initial, unpublished drafts of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory nine golden tickets were distributed to tour Willy Wonka's secret chocolate factory[15] and the children faced more rooms and more temptations to test their self-control.[16] Some of the names of the children cut from the final work include:[17]

"Spotty Powder"

"Spotty Powder" was first published as a short story in 1973.[20] [23] In 1998, it was included in the children's horror anthology Scary! Stories That Will Make You Scream edited by Peter Haining. The brief note before the story described the story as having been left out of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory due to an already brimming number of misbehaving children characters in the tale. In 2005, The Times reprinted "Spotty Powder" as a "lost" chapter, saying that it had been found in Dahl's desk, written backwards in mirror writing (the same way that Leonardo da Vinci wrote in his journals).[16] [24] Spotty Powder looks and tastes like sugar, but causes bright red pox-like spots to appear on faces and necks five seconds after ingestion, so children who eat Spotty Powder do not have to go to school. The spots fade on their own a few hours later. After learning the purpose of Spotty Powder, the humourless, smug Miranda Piker and her equally humourless father (a schoolmaster) are enraged and disappear into the Spotty Powder room to sabotage the machine. Soon after entering, they are heard making what Mrs. Piker interprets as screams. Mr. Wonka assures her (after making a brief joke where he claims that headmasters are one of the occasional ingredients) that it is only laughter. Exactly what happens to them is not revealed in the extract.[15]

In an early draft, sometime after being renamed from Miranda Grope to Miranda Piker, but before "Spotty Powder" was written, she falls down the chocolate waterfall and ends up in the Peanut-Brittle Mixer. This results in the "rude and disobedient little kid" becoming "quite delicious."[25] This early draft poem was slightly rewritten as an Oompa-Loompa song in the lost chapter, which now puts her in the "Spotty-Powder mixer" and instead of being "crunchy and ... good [peanut brittle]" she is now "useful [for [[truancy]]] and ... good."

"The Vanilla Fudge Room"

In 2014, The Guardian revealed that Dahl had removed another chapter ("The Vanilla Fudge Room") from an early draft of the book. The Guardian reported the now-eliminated passage was "deemed too wild, subversive and insufficiently moral for the tender minds of British children almost 50 years ago." In what was originally chapter five in that version of the book, Charlie goes to the factory with his mother instead of Grandpa Joe as originally published. At this point, the chocolate factory tour is down to eight kids,[21] [26] including Tommy Troutbeck and Wilbur Rice. After the entire group climbs to the top of the titular fudge mountain, eating vanilla fudge along the way, Troutbeck and Rice decide to take a ride on the wagons carrying away chunks of fudge. The wagons take them directly to the Pounding And Cutting Room, where the fudge is reformed and sliced into small squares for retail sale. Wonka states the machine is equipped with "a large wire strainer ... which is used specially for catching children before they fall into the machine" adding that "It always catches them. At least it always has up to now."

The chapter dates back to an early draft with ten golden tickets, including one each for Miranda Grope and Augustus Pottle, who fell into the chocolate river prior to the events of "Fudge Mountain".[27] Augustus Pottle was routed to the Chocolate Fudge Room, not the Vanilla Fudge Room explored in this chapter, and Miranda Grope ended up in the Fruit and Nuts Room.

"The Warming Candy Room"

Also in 2014, Vanity Fair published a plot summary of "The Warming Candy Room", wherein three boys eat too many "warming candies" and end up "bursting with heat."[28]

The Warming Candy Room is dominated by a boiler, which heats a scarlet liquid. The liquid is dispensed one drop at a time, where it cools and forms a hard shell, storing the heat and "by a magic process ... the hot heat changes into an amazing thing called 'cold heat.'" After eating a single warming candy, one could stand naked in the snow comfortably. This is met with predictable disbelief from Clarence Crump, Bertie Upside, and Terence Roper, who proceed to eat at least 100 warming candies each, resulting in profuse perspiration. The three boys and their families discontinue the tour after they are taken to cool off "in the large refrigerator for a few hours."[18]

"The Children's-Delight Room"

Dahl originally planned for a child called Marvin Prune to be included. He submitted the excised chapter regarding Prune to The Horn Book Review in the early 1970s.[29] Rather than publish the chapter, Horn Book responded with a critical essay by novelist Eleanor Cameron, who called Charlie and the Chocolate Factory “one of the most tasteless books ever written for children”.

Reception

In a 2006 list for the Royal Society of Literature, author J. K. Rowling (author of the Harry Potter books) named Charlie and the Chocolate Factory among her top ten books that every child should read.[30] A fan of the book since childhood, film director Tim Burton wrote: "I responded to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory because it respected the fact that children can be adults."[31] [32]

A 2004 study found that it was a common read-aloud book for fourth-graders in schools in San Diego County, California.[33] A 2012 survey by the University of Worcester determined that it was one of the most common books that UK adults had read as children, after Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, and The Wind in the Willows.[34]

Groups who have praised the book include:

In the 2012 survey published by SLJ, a monthly with primarily US audience, Charlie was the second of four books by Dahl among their Top 100 Chapter Books, one more than any other writer.[39] Time magazine in the US included the novel in its list of the 100 Best Young-Adult Books of All Time; it was one of three Dahl novels on the list, more than any other author.[40] In 2016 the novel topped the list of Amazon's best-selling children's books by Dahl in Print and on Kindle.[41] In 2023, the novel was ranked by BBC at no. 18 in their poll of "The 100 greatest children's books of all time".[42]

Although the book has always been popular and considered a children's classic by many literary critics, a number of prominent individuals have spoken unfavourably of the novel over the years.[43] Children's novelist and literary historian John Rowe Townsend has described the book as "fantasy of an almost literally nauseating kind" and accused it of "astonishing insensitivity" regarding the original portrayal of the Oompa-Loompas as African black pygmies, although Dahl did revise this in later editions.[44] Another novelist, Eleanor Cameron, compared the book to the sweets that form its subject matter, commenting that it is "delectable and soothing while we are undergoing the brief sensory pleasure it affords but leaves us poorly nourished with our taste dulled for better fare."[45] Ursula K. Le Guin wrote in support of this assessment in a letter to The Horn Book Review, saying that her own daughter would turn "quite nasty" upon finishing the book.[46] Dahl responded to Cameron's criticisms by noting that the classics that she had cited would not be well received by contemporary children.[47]

Adaptations

See main article: article and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (franchise). Charlie and the Chocolate Factory has frequently been adapted for other media, including games, radio, the screen,[48] and stage, most often as plays or musicals for children – often titled Willy Wonka or Willy Wonka, Jr. and almost always featuring musical numbers by all the main characters (Wonka, Charlie, Grandpa Joe, Violet, Veruca, etc.); many of the songs are revised versions from the 1971 film.

Film

The book was first made into a feature film as a musical, titled Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971), directed by Mel Stuart, produced by David L. Wolper, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka, character actor Jack Albertson as Grandpa Joe, and Peter Ostrum as Charlie Bucket, with music by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley. Dahl was credited for writing the screenplay, but David Seltzer was brought in by Stuart and Wolper to make changes against Dahl's wishes, leaving his original adaptation, in one critic's opinion, "scarcely detectable".[49] Amongst other things, Dahl was unhappy with the foregrounding of Wonka over Charlie, and disliked the musical score. Because of this, Dahl disowned the film.[49] The film had an estimated budget of $2.9 million but grossed only $4 million and was considered a box-office disappointment, though it received positive reviews from critics. Home video and DVD sales, as well as repeated television airings, resulted in the film subsequently becoming a cult classic.[50] Concurrently with the 1971 film, the Quaker Oats Company introduced a line of candies whose marketing uses the book's characters and imagery.[51] Warner Bros. and the Dahl estate reached an agreement in 1998 to produce another film version of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, with the Dahl family receiving total artistic control. The project languished in development hell until Tim Burton signed on to direct in 2003. The film, titled Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, starred Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka. It was released in 2005 to positive reviews and massive box office returns, becoming the eighth-highest-grossing film of the year.[52]

In October 2016, Variety reported that Warner Bros. had acquired the rights to the Willy Wonka character from the Roald Dahl Estate and would be planning a new film centered on the eccentric character with David Heyman producing.[53] In February 2018, Paul King entered final negotiations to direct the film.[54] In May 2021, it was reported that the film would be a musical titled Wonka, with Timothée Chalamet playing a younger version of the titular character in an origin story.[55] King was confirmed as director and co-writer along with comedian Simon Farnaby; the film was released globally in December 2023.[56]

Other adaptations

Animated series

On 27 November 2018, Netflix and The Roald Dahl Story Company jointly announced that Netflix would be producing an animated series based on Dahl's books, including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda, The BFG, The Twits, and other titles. Production commenced on the first of the Netflix Dahl animated series in 2019.[69] On 5 March 2020, Variety announced that Taika Waititi was partnering with Netflix on a pair of animated series — one based on the world of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and another based on the Oompa-Loompa characters. “The shows will retain the quintessential spirit and tone of the original story while building out the world and characters far beyond the pages of the Dahl book for the very first time,” Netflix said.[70] On 23 February 2022, Mikros Animation revealed that they would be producing a new collaboration with Netflix. The collaboration was announced as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The long-format animated event series is based on the 1964 novel and is written, directed and executive produced by Waititi.[71] [72]

Audiobook

The book has been recorded a number of times:

Editions

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory has undergone numerous editions and been illustrated by numerous artists.[79]

Books

50th anniversary cover controversy

The cover photo of the 50th anniversary edition, published by Penguin Modern Classics for sale in the UK and aimed at the adult market, received widespread commentary and criticism.[81] The cover is a photo of a heavily made up young girl seated on her mother's knee and wearing a doll-like expression, taken by the photographers Sofia Sanchez and Mauro Mongiello as part of a photo shoot for a 2008 fashion article in a French magazine, for a fashion article titled "Mommie Dearest."[80] [82] In addition to writing that "the image seemingly has little to do with the beloved children's classic",[83] reviewers and commentators in social media (such as posters on the publisher's Facebook page) have said the art evokes Lolita, Valley of the Dolls, and JonBenet Ramsey; looks like a scene from Toddlers & Tiaras; and is "misleading," "creepy," "sexualised," "grotesque," "misjudged on every level," "distasteful and disrespectful to a gifted author and his work," "pretentious," "trashy", "outright inappropriate," "terrifying," "really obnoxious," and "weird & kind of paedophilic."[80] [84] [85]

The publisher explained its objective in a blog post accompanying the announcement about the jacket art: "This new image . . . looks at the children at the center of the story, and highlights the way Roald Dahl’s writing manages to embrace both the light and the dark aspects of life."[86] Additionally, Penguin Press's Helen Conford told the Bookseller: "We wanted something that spoke about the other qualities in the book. It's a children's story that also steps outside children's and people aren't used to seeing Dahl in that way." She continued: "[There is] a lot of ill feeling about it, I think because it's such a treasured book and a book which isn't really a 'crossover book'" As she acknowledged: "People want it to remain as a children's book."

The New Yorker describes what it calls this "strangely but tellingly misbegotten" cover design thusly: "The image is a photograph, taken from a French fashion shoot, of a glassy-eyed, heavily made-up little girl. Behind her sits, a mother figure, stiff and coiffed, casting an ominous shadow. The girl, with her long, perfectly waved platinum-blond hair and her pink feather boa, looks like a pretty and inert doll—" The article continues: "And if the Stepford daughter on the cover is meant to remind us of Veruca Salt or Violet Beauregarde, she doesn't: those badly behaved squirts are bubbling over with rude life." Moreover, writes Talbot, "The Modern Classics cover has not a whiff of this validation of childish imagination; instead, it seems to imply a deviant adult audience."[81]

External links

Deleted chapters

Notes and References

  1. News: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory . 5 August 2021 . Britannica. The five children are greeted outside the factory by the eccentric visionary Willy Wonka..
  2. News: Repton School 'helped inspire Dahl' to write Charlie. BBC. 12 November 2015. 21 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053337/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-derbyshire-14896806. 14 October 2018. live.
  3. News: Chocolate Wars, The inspiration for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. . 27 July 2021 . Slate. During Dahl’s childhood, the two largest British candy firms, Cadbury and Rowntree, sent so many moles to work in competitors’ factories that their spying became legendary.
  4. Bathroom Readers' Institute. "You're My inspiration." Uncle John's Fast-Acting Long-Lasting Bathroom Reader. Ashland: Bathroom Reader's Press, 2005. 13.
  5. News: This classic has been named the nation's most-loved children's book . 14 July 2022 . The Scotsman. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory has been named the nation's most-loved children's book. Three of Roald Dahl’s children’s novels dominate the top of a list of the best bedtime stories with The BFG coming second, and in third place, Matilda..
  6. News: Roald Dahl voted best author in primary teachers survey . 16 July 2015 . BBC . 30 March 2012. In this survey of primary school teachers Dahl also placed five books in the top ten: Charlie, The Twits, Danny the Champion of the World, The BFG, and George's Marvellous Medicine.
  7. News: REVEALED: Top 50 children's books and top 20 best-loved children's characters . 14 July 2022 . Telegraph and Argus. 1. Charlie and The Chocolate Factory – Roald Dahl.
  8. News: Roald Dahl stamps honour classic children's author . The Guardian . 9 January 2012 . 9 January 2022 . Flood, Alison.
  9. Martin Chilton (18 November 2010) The 25 best children's books The Daily Telegraph
  10. Web site: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory hero 'was originally black'. Siddique. Haroon. 13 September 2017. The Guardian. 13 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170913113007/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/13/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-hero-originally-black-roald-dahl. 13 September 2017. live.
  11. News: Russo . Maria . The Real Story Behind Roald Dahl's 'Black Charlie' . . 22 September 2017 . 0362-4331 . 27 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170926220926/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/books/review/roald-dahl-black-charlie-chocolate-factory.html . 26 September 2017 . live .
  12. News: Blair . Elizabeth . 24 February 2023 . Roald Dahl's publisher responds to backlash by keeping 'classic' texts in print . NPR . 21 March 2023.
  13. News: Cumming . Ed . Buchanan . Abigail . Holl-Allen . Genevieve . Smith . Benedict . 24 February 2023 . The Writing of Roald Dahl . The Telegraph . 20 March 2023.
  14. Book: Dahl, Roald . 1964 . Charlie and the Chocolate Factory . New York . Alfred A. Knopf . 1st . 89 .
  15. News: Lost chapter of Charlie and Chocolate Factory published . Kennedy, Maev . 29 August 2014 . The Guardian . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160916175322/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/aug/29/lost-chapter-charlie-chocolate-factory-roald-dahl-quentin-blake-illustration . 16 September 2016 . live .
  16. Web site: The Fiction Circus . 'Spotty Powder,' the Lost Chapter from Roald Dahl's 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' (blog) . Jones, Miracle . 2 February 2009 . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305230630/http://fictioncircus.com/news.php?id=283 . 5 March 2016 . live .
  17. Book: The Missing Golden Ticket and Other Splendiferous Secrets . Dahl, Roald . Blake, Quentin (ill.) . 2010 . Puffin Books . New York City . 978-0-14-241742-3 . 12 August 2016 . (published in England as Spotty Powder and other Splendiferous Secrets,)
  18. Web site: The Warming Candy Room . . 2016 . Roald Dahl Archive . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160817152843/http://www.roalddahl.com/roald-dahl/archive/archive-highlights/the-warming-candy-room . 17 August 2016 . live .
  19. News: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory at 50 . Mangan, Lucy . 30 August 2014 . The Guardian . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160916195657/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/aug/30/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-50-years-roald-dahl-quentin-blake . 16 September 2016 . live .
  20. Web site: Miranda Mary Piker . . 2016 . Roald Dahl Archive . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160811113501/http://www.roalddahl.com/roald-dahl/archive/archive-highlights/miranda-mary-piker . 11 August 2016 . live .
  21. Web site: The Vanilla Fudge Room . . 2016 . Roald Dahl Archive . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160913141145/http://www.roalddahl.com/roald-dahl/archive/archive-highlights/the-vanilla-fudge-room . 13 September 2016 . live .
  22. News: Top 10 characters that didn't make Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory . Mangan, Lucy . 13 September 2014 . The Guardian . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160916173159/https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2014/sep/13/top-10-charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-roald-dahl-quentin-blake . 16 September 2016 . live .
  23. Spotty Powder . Dahl, Roald . 1973 . 7 . 1 . Puffin Post . 8–10 .
  24. News: The Times. The secret ordeal of Miranda Piker. 23 July 2005 . 12 August 2016.
  25. Web site: Miranda Mary Piker (blog) . Lynch, PJ . 28 April 2010 . P J Lynch: Drawing, Painting and Illustration . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161013102639/http://pjlynchgallery.blogspot.com/2010/04/miranda-mary-piker.html . 13 October 2016 . live .
  26. News: The Guardian. Dahl, Roald. A previously unpublished chapter of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ("The Vanilla Fudge Room" is from an early draft of Roald Dahl's most famous novel. With new illustrations by Quentin Blake) . 30 August 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140830190002/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/aug/30/roald-dahl-extract-unpublished-chapter-charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory . 30 August 2014 . dead.
  27. News: NPR. For Anniversary, A New Chapter Of 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory'. Calamur, Krishnadev. 1 September 2014. 12 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170514144128/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/09/01/344974013/for-anniversary-a-new-chapter-of-charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory. 14 May 2017. live.
  28. How the Lost Chapter of Charlie and the Chocolate Factor Was Discovered . Christensen, Lauren . 11 September 2014 . Vanity Fair . 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160414102523/https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/09/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-lost-chapter . 14 April 2016 . live .
  29. Book: Storyteller: The Authorised Biography of Roald Dahl . Sturrock, Donald . 2010 . Simon & Schuster . New York City . 978-1-4165-5082-2 . 495–499 . 15 August 2016 .
  30. Web site: From Beatrix Potter to Ulysses ... what the top writers say every child should read. Charlotte Higgins. The Guardian. 31 January 2006 . 16 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140921015539/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/jan/31/buildingachildrenslibrary.guardianchildrensfictionprize2005. 21 September 2014. live.
  31. Paul A. Woods (2007) Tim Burton: A Child's Garden of Nightmares p. 177. Plexus, 2007
  32. Tim Burton, Mark Salisbury, Johnny Depp "Burton on Burton". p. 223. Macmillan, 2006
  33. Fisher, Douglas . 2004 . Interactive Read-Alouds: Is There a Common Set of Implementation Practices? . . 58 . 1 . 8–17 . 19 August 2012 . 10.1598/rt.58.1.1 . etal . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131207031123/http://www.fisherandfrey.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/rt-read-alouds.pdf . 7 December 2013 .
  34. News: Top ten books parents think children should read . The Telegraph . 19 August 2012 . 19 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120819183442/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/9485677/Top-ten-books-parents-think-children-should-read.html . 19 August 2012 . live . dmy-all .
  35. Web site: Caviness. Tod. Reading by Nine features Roald Dahl book. Orlando Sentinel. 10 April 2015 . 17 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20151222142858/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/features/os-reading-by-nine-roald-dahl-20150409-story.html. 22 December 2015. live.
  36. Web site: Previous Winners of the BILBY Awards: 1990–96 . The Children's Book Council of Australia . Queensland . 4 November 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151119061148/http://www.cbcaqld.org/uploads/2/6/2/2/26224528/previous_bilby_to_2014.pdf . 19 November 2015 . dead .
  37. Web site: BBC – The Big Read. 16 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20121031065136/http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml. 31 October 2012. live.
  38. Web site: Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children . National Education Association . 2007 . 19 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120920064649/http://www.nea.org/grants/13154.htm/ . 20 September 2012 . live . dmy-all .
  39. Web site: Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results . Bird, Elizabeth . A Fuse No. 8 Production. Blog. School Library Journal (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com) . 7 July 2012 . 19 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120713031015/http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/afuse8production/2012/07/07/top-100-chapter-book-poll-results . 13 July 2012 . dead . dmy-all .
  40. News: 100 Best Young-Adult Books . 30 October 2019 . Time.
  41. Web site: Charlie and The Chocolate Factory tops Dah l list. bbc. 12 September 2016. 2 October 2020.
  42. Web site: The 100 greatest children's books of all time. bbc.com. 23 May 2023.
  43. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; Versions and Changes . Cheetham, Dominic . Tokyo . 上智大学英文学科 [Sophia University, Department of English] . 英文学と英語学 [English Literature and Language] . 43 . 2006 . 77–96 . 4 December 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170722213421/http://www.academia.edu/1156777/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_Versions_and_Changes . 22 July 2017 . live .
  44. Book: Townsend, John Rowe . John Rowe Townsend . Written for Children: an outline of English-language children's literature . Kestrel Books . Harmondsworth . 1974 . 15 August 2016 . 0722654669 . 255 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160826050207/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001358283 . 26 August 2016 . live .
  45. Cameron . Eleanor . Eleanor Cameron . McLuhan, Youth, and Literature: Part I . The Horn Book Magazine . October 1972 . 27 September 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071015004043/http://www.hbook.com/magazine/articles/1970s/oct72_cameron.asp . 15 October 2007 . dead . .
  46. Le Guin . Ursula K. . Ursula K. Le Guin . Letters to the Editor (on McLuhan, Youth, and Literature: Part I) . The Horn Book Magazine . April 1973 . 27 September 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071011122610/http://www.hbook.com/magazine/letters/apr73.asp . 11 October 2007 . dead . .
  47. "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory": A Reply . Dahl, Roald . February 1973 . The Horn Book Magazine . 15 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071015004133/http://www.hbook.com/magazine/articles/1970s/feb73_dahl.asp . 15 October 2007 . dead . I would dearly like to see Mrs. Cameron trying to read Little Women, or Robinson Crusoe for that matter, to a class of today's children. The lady is completely out of touch with reality. She would be howled out of the classroom. .
  48. Web site: listverse.com. 10 Deleted Chapters that Transformed Famous Books. 14 January 2013. Symon, Evan V.. 1 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150905233130/http://listverse.com/2013/01/14/deleted-book-chapters/. 5 September 2015. live.
  49. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jun/30/willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-roald-dahl-gene-wilder "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory at 50: a clunky film that Roald Dahl rightfully hated"
  50. Book: Kara K. Keeling. Scott T. Pollard. Critical Approaches to Food in Children's Literature. 28 July 2013. 15 December 2008. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-88891-9. 221–.
  51. Web site: Willy Wonka company information. Careers in Food. 28 December 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110708120534/http://www.careersinfood.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/ShowResourcesLinkDetails/ResourceLinkID/7319/Willy_Wonka.htm. 8 July 2011. live.
  52. Web site: 2005 Worldwide Box Office . Box Office Mojo. IMDb. 14 July 2022.
  53. Web site: 'Willy Wonka' New Film in the Works From David Heyman and Warner Bros. (EXCLUSIVE). Variety. Kroll. Justin. 19 October 2016.
  54. 'Paddington' Director Paul King in Talks for 'Willy Wonka' (Exclusive). Hollywood Reporter. Kit. Borys. 12 February 2018. 23 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180222010826/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/paddington-director-paul-king-talks-willy-wonka-1080166. 22 February 2018. live.
  55. Web site: Timothée Chalamet To Play Willy Wonka In New Origin Tale From Warner Bros And The Roald Dahl Story Co. 24 May 2021. Justin. Kroll. Deadline Hollywood. 24 May 2021.
  56. Web site: Timothée Chalamet to play Willy Wonka in origins movie. 24 May 2021. Benjamin. Lee. The Guardian. 24 May 2021.
  57. Web site: Charlie. 13 February 1983. 18 January 2024.
  58. News: Alton Towers Theme Park, Staffordshire. The Guardian. 8 July 2006. 11 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170812215324/https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/jul/08/familyholidays.family. 12 August 2017. live.
  59. Web site: The Golden Ticket . 16 September 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100624034256/http://www.altnyc.org/new-operas-for-new-audiences/the-golden-ticket/ . 24 June 2010 .
  60. Web site: Official: CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY to Play Theatre Royal, Drury Lane; Begins May 18. BroadwayWorld.com. 16 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141128/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Official-CHARLIE-AND-THE-CHOCOLATE-FACTORY-to-Play-Theatre-Royal-Drury-Lane-Begins-May-18-20120831. 2 April 2015. live.
  61. Web site: West End Winners. theatrebookings.com. 2 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150703102255/http://www.theatrebookings.com/west-end-winners-infographic. 3 July 2015. live.
  62. Web site: Netflix's new Roald Dahl animated series 'reimagines' Matilda and Willy Wonka. Mirror. 27 November 2018. JoAnne. Rowney.
  63. News: Netflix Plots New Animated 'Willy Wonka' and 'Matilda' Shows. Rolling Stone. 27 November 2018. Jon. Blistein.
  64. Web site: McNary. Dave. 5 March 2020. Taika Waititi Making Not One, but Two 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' Animated Series for Netflix. 4 October 2021. Variety. en-US.
  65. News: 10 December 2021. The Best Podcasts of 2021. Canadian Broadcasting Company.
  66. News: 1 March 2024 . The Willy Wonka Experience in Glasgow, sort of explained! . New Zealand Herald.
  67. News: 29 February 2024 . Glasgow 'Willy Wonka Experience' Unites The Internet In Laughter . Forbes.
  68. News: 1 March 2024 . Police were called to this nightmare 'Wonka' experience that left children in tears . Yahoo News.
  69. https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-to-create-exclusive-slate-of-original-animated-event-series-from-the-iconic-roald-dahl-story-universe NETFLIX TO CREATE EXCLUSIVE SLATE OF ORIGINAL ANIMATED EVENT SERIES FROM THE ICONIC ROALD DAHL STORY UNIVERSE
  70. https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/taika-waititi-netflix-charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-animated-series-willy-wonka-oompa-loompa-1203524577/ Taika Waititi Making Not One, but Two ‘Charlie and the Chocolate Factory’ Animated Series for Netflix
  71. https://www.facebook.com/mikrosanimation/photos/a.432124503643039/1855582377963904/ Mikros Animation is happy to announce a new collaboration with Netflix on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, the upcoming animated event series based on the Roald Dahl book written, directed and executive produced by Taika Waititi. Join our teams at Mikros Animation for this new adventure!!
  72. https://www.mikrosanimation.com/en/news/were-hiring-for-charlie-the-chocolate-factory/ WE’RE HIRING FOR CHARLIE & THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY
  73. Web site: Roald Dahl – Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Discogs.com.
  74. Web site: Reviews – CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY by Roald Dahl read by Eric Idle. AudioFile Magazine.
  75. Book: McCall . Douglas . Monty Python: A Chronology, 1969–2012, 2d ed. . 2013 . McFarland . 166.
  76. Web site: Roald Dahl read by James Bolam – Charlie And The Chocolate Factory. Discogs.com.
  77. Web site: Masters. Tim. How Douglas Hodge shaped Willy Wonka for the stage. BBC News. 21 June 2013. 1 May 2021.
  78. Web site: Dahl. Roald. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Audible. 2013. 1 May 2021.
  79. News: Galindo, Brian. The Evolution Of 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' Book Covers. BuzzFeed. 8 March 2013. 25 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170913232528/https://www.buzzfeed.com/briangalindo/the-evolution-of-charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-book-cove#3etyju9#3etyju9. 13 September 2017. live. dmy-all.
  80. News: BBC News. 8 August 2014. Publisher defends 'creepy' Roald Dahl book cover. 21 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180205223803/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-28703254. 5 February 2018. live.
  81. News: The New Yorker. Cultural Comment: Meant For Kids. 29 August 2014. Talbot, Margaret. 3 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140904075203/http://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/meant-for-kids. 4 September 2014. live. dmy-all.
  82. News: The Washington Post. What divisive 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' cover says about books and readers . Kaplan, Sarah. 15 August 2014.
  83. News: Today. Creepy New Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Book Cover Confuses Readers. 7 August 2014. Kim, Eun Kyung. 3 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140809233220/http://www.today.com/books/creepy-new-charlie-chocolate-factory-book-cover-confuses-readers-1D80027605. 9 August 2014. live. dmy-all.
  84. News: The Washington Post. What divisive Charlie and the Chocolate Factory cover says about books and readers. Kaplan, Sarah. 15 August 2014.
  85. News: Today. Creepy New Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Book Cover Confuses Readers. 7 August 2014. Kim, Eun Kyung. 3 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140809233220/http://www.today.com/books/creepy-new-charlie-chocolate-factory-book-cover-confuses-readers-1D80027605. 9 August 2014. live.
  86. Web site: Penguinblog.co.uk. 6 August 2014. Exclusive: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140903214227/http://penguinblog.co.uk/2014/08/06/exclusive-charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-as-a-penguin-modern-classic/. 3 September 2014. dmy-all.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.