Motherless Brooklyn Explained

Director:Edward Norton
Screenplay:Edward Norton
Music:Daniel Pemberton
Cinematography:Dick Pope
Editing:Joe Klotz
Distributor:Warner Bros. Pictures
Runtime:144 minutes[1]
Country:United States
Language:English
Budget:$26 million[2]
Gross:$18.6 million[3]

Motherless Brooklyn is a 2019 American neo-noir crime film written, produced, and directed by Edward Norton, based on the 1999 novel of the same name by Jonathan Lethem. Set in 1957 New York City, the film stars Norton as a private investigator with Tourette syndrome, who is determined to solve the murder of his mentor. Motherless Brooklyn also stars Bruce Willis, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Bobby Cannavale, Cherry Jones, Alec Baldwin, Ethan Suplee and Willem Dafoe.

A passion project of Norton's ever since he had read Lethem's novel in 1999, the film took nearly twenty years to go into production. Although the book is set in contemporary times, Norton felt the plot and dialogue lent themselves more to a noir setting—moving it to the 1950s, with many added plot points inspired by The Power Broker. Other members of the cast joined by February 2018, and principal photography began that same month.

Motherless Brooklyn premiered at the 46th Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on November 1, 2019, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It underperformed at the box office, grossing $18.6 million against a $26 million budget. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its ideas and Norton's performance, but criticism for its length and deviations from its source novel. At the 77th Golden Globe Awards, Motherless Brooklyn received a nomination for Best Original Score.

Motherless Brooklyn is also Bruce Willis' final theatrically released performance (aside from a limited theatrical release for Midnight in the Switchgrass), as he shifted over to a direct-to-video market for the remainder of his career before retiring in 2022.

Plot

In 1950s New York City, Lionel Essrog works at a detective agency alongside Gilbert Coney, Danny Fantl, and Tony Vermonte. Their boss, Frank Minna, rescued them as children from an abusive orphanage. Nicknamed "Motherless Brooklyn" by Frank, Lionel has Tourette syndrome and OCD, often alienating him from people, but his strong verbal and photographic memory make him a good detective.

Working a secret case, Frank asks Lionel and Gilbert to shadow him to a meeting. Lionel listens over the phone as Frank presents documents that threaten a business deal for a man named William Lieberman, who's there with his assistant Lou and an extremely large henchman. When Frank tries to negotiate a high price, the men force him to take them to the originals. Lionel and Gilbert follow in their car, arriving just as Frank is shot. They take him to the hospital, but Frank dies.

Frank's widow Julia leaves Tony in charge of the office. Lionel begins wearing Frank's hat and coat, and a matchbook in Frank's pocket leads Lionel to an African-American owned jazz bar in Harlem. He realizes that Frank's findings involve Laura Rose, who works for Gabby Horowitz fighting urban renewal; poor and minority neighborhoods are being bought out and demolished, forcing out their residents. Lionel goes to a public meeting where Moses Randolph, a commissioner of several development authorities, is loudly contested by Horowitz and the audience. Stealing a reporter's credentials, Lionel talks to a man named Paul who was raging against Moses at the meeting and tells him Moses is the real power in the city government, even beyond the mayor.

Under the guise of reporting on the urban renewal story, Lionel gets to know Laura. She takes him to a club Frank was investigating, where her father Billy assuming Lionel is one of Moses' men has him beaten unconscious. Lionel is rescued by a trumpet player, and discovers that Paul is Moses' brother and an engineer. He realizes Lieberman is receiving kickbacks on many of the housing deals, and that the housing relocation programs are scams. Paul presents Moses with a huge renovation plan to improve the city.

Billy calls Lionel, apologizing for the attack and offering to meet with information. However, Lionel arrives to find Billy murdered with his death staged as a suicide. Staying the night with a distraught Laura at her house, Lionel admits his true identity and that he believes she is in danger. Finding photos of Paul meeting with Billy on his own, Lionel confronts Laura, who explains that her "Uncle" Paul is her real father. Paul denies this to Lionel, and explains that Frank and Billy planned to get more money out of Randolph's goons, against Paul's protests. He begs Lionel to find the evidence.

Lionel is brought to Moses, who invites him to join his team and stop snooping, with 24 hours to decide. Inside Frank's hat, Lionel finds the key to a Pennsylvania Station storage locker, containing a property deed and Laura's birth certificate, which reveals Moses is her father. Lionel gives the key to Paul and runs into Tony, who has been working surveillance for Randolph. Tony admits he has been sleeping with Julia, and tells Lionel to take Moses’ deal since Laura will soon be killed. Lionel races to save Laura, stopping her before she enters her apartment, and they flee. Laura knocks the large henchman off the fire escape, and Lou corners them with a gun but is hit in the head with a trumpet by the trumpet player, who drives Laura out of town.

Lionel meets Moses, who reveals that he raped Laura's mother, a hotel employee. Paul forged Moses' signature on the birth certificate and exposure of this secret threatened Moses. Lionel warns Moses to leave Laura alone or he will release the information. He informs Moses that Lieberman is on the take and asks that when Moses has Lieberman killed, to tell him it is for Frank. Moses tells Lionel to tell Paul that his plans for the city will proceed.

The next day Paul learns that Moses denied his plans out of spite while Lionel mails the information about Lieberman to the reporter whose credentials he stole. Lionel drives to the seaside property Frank left to him where Laura is waiting for him.

Differences between movie and book

Norton took significant creative license with Lethem's book,[4] keeping only the character of Lionel Essrog, his mentor Frank Minna, and the idea of him investigating his surrogate father's murder;[5] deviations The Atlantics David Sims considers "both radical and baffling".[6]

Although the novel takes place in a modern 1999 setting, Norton rewrote the story for the 1950s, because the "characters are written in a very 1950s hardboiled detective style ... and if we try to make a film about the '90s in Brooklyn with guys acting like '50s gumshoes, it will feel ironic."[2] While Lethem created a conspiracy revolving around mobsters, Buddhist monks, and Frank Minna's brother, Norton instead creates an entirely new conspiracy involving New York's (fictional) Borough Authority and the illegitimate mixed-race offspring of a powerful city official.[7] Norton added characters such as Moses Randolph to the story, who is based on the New York City urban planner, Robert Moses[8] [9] while dropping others, such as Frank Minna's brother Gerard.[5] For other characters, Norton drew inspiration from Hortense Gabel and Jane Jacobs who were prominent critics of housing discrimination in New York during the 50s and 60s,[10] and he replaced the book's love interest Kimmerly with Laura, the unknowing daughter of Moses Randolph.[5] Lethem spends considerable time in the book depicting Lionel's childhood at the St. Vincent's Home for Boys orphanage, something the movie only briefly references.[5] While the book ends with Lionel going back to the detective agency turned car service, with his love interest leaving him, and most of his friends dead or missing, the movie ends with Lionel together with Laura considering a life outside Brooklyn.[5]

Personal engagement

Edward Norton is the grandson of James Rouse, an urban planner who argued that housing should be affordable to all and that communities should be shaped by humanistic impulses rather than purely economic ones. Norton describes him as an anti-Robert Moses.[11] Notably, James Rouse founded Columbia, Maryland, as a diverse, community-minded city,[12] where Edward Norton grew up. In 1982, Rouse also started the Enterprise Foundation (now called Enterprise Community Partners), a nonprofit devoted to establishing international low-income housing. It estimates that it has created 585,000 affordable homes over the last four decades.[12] Upon graduating from Yale University in 1991 with a history degree, Norton moved to Japan where his first job was to work for his grandfather's foundation.[13]

About the link between this film and James Rouse, Norton said, "I did it as an homage to the things he cared about, and I think he would be very gratified."[12]

Production

Development

After making the 1998 film American History X, Edward Norton acquired the rights to adapt Jonathan Lethem's novel Motherless Brooklyn.[2] In October 1999, it was announced that Norton would star in and produce the film.[14] In 2012, Norton finished writing the script.[15]

Norton was uncertain as to whether he would direct the film.[16] He imagined shopping the film to directors such as Bennett Miller, Paul Thomas Anderson, and David Fincher. Toby Emmerich encouraged Norton to direct the film himself.[17] In February 2014, the project was set, with Norton directing.[18] Norton said that he was motivated to continue being involved in the film due to the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States.[19]

Casting and filming

Production commenced in February 2018 in New York City, with Norton, Willem Dafoe, Bruce Willis, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, and Alec Baldwin, among others, set to star.[20] [21] Bobby Cannavale and Dallas Roberts joined the cast a few weeks later.[22] Michael K. Williams was cast as a jazz musician. Norton has credited The Wire with giving him a long-standing desire to work with Williams and also called it "a great dissection of the complexity of American urban life".[23] He also mentioned Chinatown, and how it represented a reaction to the politics of the 70's, as a direct source of inspiration for him.

Additional filming took place in December 2018 in Troy, New York.[24] It took 46 days to shoot the entire film.[25] The film was shot by Dick Pope and edited by Joe Klotz.[26] Visual effects were used for the scene in Pennsylvania Station, which was demolished in 1963.[27]

Fire and lawsuits

On March 22, 2018, a fire broke out in the cellar of the Harlem building where production was taking place, beneath the film's set.[28] The resulting blaze killed FDNY Firefighter (posthumously promoted to Lieutenant) Michael R. Davidson of Engine 69.[29] Production was temporarily suspended the next day, and was resumed a week later.[30] [31] Several lawsuits were filed in the aftermath of the blaze, among others,[32] [33] by Michael R. Davidson's widow against Norton's production company Class 5 Films for the wrongful death of her husband,[34] and by Class 5 Films against the building's landlord.[35]

Music

See main article: Motherless Brooklyn (soundtrack). Norton emailed Radiohead singer Thom Yorke asking him to write a song for the film. Two weeks later, Yorke emailed him a song, "Daily Battles". Yorke's Atoms for Peace bandmate Flea contributed bass and horns. Norton enlisted jazz musician Wynton Marsalis to rearrange the song as a ballad reminiscent of 1950s Miles Davis,[36] with pianist Isaiah J. Thompson, bassist Russell Hall, saxophonist Jerry Weldon and drummer Joe Farnsworth.[37] Both versions were used in the film,[38] and were released on streaming services on August 21, 2019, and as a vinyl single on October 4, 2019.[39]

Composer Daniel Pemberton wrote the score for Motherless Brooklyn in less than four weeks and produced it in less than two weeks.[40] He recorded it at Abbey Road Studios in three days.[41] Norton told him, "I want like half Miles Davis half Radiohead. I want a big, lyrical, thematic jazz score but I also want this element of dissonance because of the character’s brain."

Release

Motherless Brooklyn had its world premiere at the 46th Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2019.[42] It also screened at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival,[43] the 2019 Vancouver International Film Festival,[44] the 2019 New York Film Festival,[45] the 2019 Mill Valley Film Festival,[46] the 2019 Chicago International Film Festival,[47] the 2019 Rome Film Festival,[48] the 2019 San Diego International Film Festival,[49] and the 2019 Haifa International Film Festival.[50] It was released in the United States on November 1, 2019.[51]

Reception

Box office

Motherless Brooklyn grossed $9.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $9.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $18.6 million, against a production budget of $26 million.[3] Some publications listed it among the box office bombs of 2019.[4]

In the United States and Canada, the film was released alongside , Harriet, and Arctic Dogs, and was projected to gross $5–9 million in its opening weekend.[52] It made $1.1 million on its first day and went on to underperform, making $3.5 million over the weekend and finishing ninth.[53]

Critical response

On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews with an average rating of . The website's critics consensus reads, "Motherless Brooklyns imposing length requires patience, but strong performances and a unique perspective make this a mystery worth investigating."[54] Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[55] Audiences polled by PostTrak gave the film an overall positive score of 76% (including an average 3.5 out of 5 stars), while 46% said they would definitely recommend it.[53]

Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film three out of five stars, writing, "It's a heavy meal to digest, but this is a strong, vehement film with a real sense of time and place."[56] A. O. Scott of The New York Times called it "a very smart movie, bristling with ideas about history, politics, art and urban planning."[57] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, praising "the unabashedly political nature of the project."[58]

Eric Kohn of IndieWire gave the film a grade of B−, commenting that the film "at least does justice to its source material by transforming the plight of urban development into an immersive shaggy dog story."[59] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film four out of five stars, writing, "it's Norton's own performance that brings emotional connection to Motherless Brooklyn."[60] Peter Debruge of Variety commented that "Lionel represents both an enormous new challenge and an incredibly unique variation on the otherwise worn-out private eye archetype."[61]

Chris Tilly of IGN gave the film a 6.6 out of 10, writing, "The film has much to say about discrimination and inequality, but while the central detective story is intriguing, the movie all-too-often gets sidetracked down narrative cul de sacs, giving the 144-minute film serious pacing issues, and making it a frequently frustrating watch."[62] Jake Cole of Slant Magazine gave the film one and a half out of four stars, writing, "Motherless Brooklyn feels altogether too tidy, a film that revives many of the touchstones of noir, but never that throbbing unease that courses through the classics of the genre."[63] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter called the film "stylishly made, politically driven, musically arresting, narratively confusing and, at nearly two-and-a-half hours, far too long."[64]

Accolades

AwardDate of ceremonyCategoryRecipient(s)Result
AARP Movies for Grownups Awards2020Best Time CapsuleMotherless BrooklynMotherless Brooklyn
CamerimageNovember 16, 2019Best CinematographyDick Pope[65] [66]
Golden Globe AwardsJanuary 5, 2020Best Original ScoreDaniel Pemberton[67]
Hollywood Music in Media AwardsNovember 20, 2019Best Original Score – Feature FilmDaniel Pemberton[68]
Best Original Song – Feature Film"Daily Battles" by Thom Yorke and Flea
International Film Music Critics Award2020Best Original Score for a Drama FilmDaniel PembertonDaniel Pemberton
London Film Critics Circle Awards 2019January 30, 2020Technical Achievement of the YearDaniel Pemberton (music)Daniel Pemberton (Music)
Satellite AwardsDecember 19, 2019Auteur AwardEdward Norton[69]
Best Adapted ScreenplayEdward Norton
Best CinematographyDick Pope
Best Art Direction and Production DesignMichael Ahern, Beth Mickle
Society of Camera Operators2020Feature FilmCraig Haagensen
Visual Effects Society AwardsJanuary 29, 2020Outstanding Created Environment in a Photoreal FeatureJohn Bair, Vance Miller, Sebastian Romero, Steve Sullivan [70]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Motherless Brooklyn. Toronto International Film Festival. August 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190723200308/https://www.tiff.net/events/motherless-brooklyn. July 23, 2019. live.
  2. Web site: Edward Norton on 'Motherless Brooklyn's 20-Year Journey to Big Screen. The Hollywood Reporter. Carolyn. Giardina. September 8, 2019. October 27, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191027082755/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/edward-norton-motherless-brooklyns-20-year-journey-big-screen-1237734. October 27, 2019. live.
  3. Web site: Motherless Brooklyn (2019). Box Office Mojo. IMDb. April 7, 2024.
  4. Web site: Why These High-Profile Book Adaptations Bombed at the Box Office in 2019.
  5. All the Ways the Motherless Brooklyn Movie Departs from Jonathan Lethem's Novel. Slate . November 4, 2019. Martinelli . Marissa .
  6. Web site: 'Motherless Brooklyn' is a Passion Project Without Heart. The Atlantic. October 31, 2019.
  7. Edward Norton Conjures Robert Moses's New York. The New Yorker. October 19, 2019.
  8. Web site: Edward Norton on Why He Placed 'Motherless Brooklyn' in Robert Moses' New York. Smithsonian. Chris. Klimek. October 30, 2019. November 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191101203233/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/edward-norton-why-he-placed-motherless-brooklyn-robert-moses-new-york-180973429/. November 1, 2019. live.
  9. Web site: How Edward Norton Transformed Motherless Brooklyn Into a Warning About the Dangers of Unchecked Political Power. Krauze. León. October 21, 2019. Slate. October 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191028163329/https://slate.com/culture/2019/10/motherless-brooklyn-review-robert-moses-edward-norton.html. October 28, 2019. live.
  10. Web site: Edward Norton on New York City's 'secret sin' and the complicated legacy of Robert Moses. Alexandra. Lange. Curbed. 2019-11-15. 2020-05-19.
  11. Web site: Edward Norton on Why He Placed 'Motherless Brooklyn' in Robert Moses' New York.
  12. Web site: 'Motherless Brooklyn' blends 1950s racism with an old-school whodunit. NBC News. November 15, 2019 .
  13. Web site: Edward Norton. August 29, 2019 .
  14. Web site: Norton birthing 'Motherless'. Variety. Michael. Fleming. October 13, 1999. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102152555/https://variety.com/1999/film/news/norton-birthing-motherless-1117756590/. November 2, 2019. live.
  15. Web site: Why Edward Norton Moved 'Motherless Brooklyn' To The New York Of Robert Moses. NPR. Mary Louise. Kelly. November 1, 2019. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102043502/https://www.npr.org/2019/11/01/775474144/why-edward-norton-moved-motherless-brooklyn-to-the-new-york-of-robert-moses. November 2, 2019. live.
  16. Web site: EXCLUSIVE: Edward Norton Talks Stone. Philbrick. Jami. October 13, 2010. MovieWeb. July 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180723034245/https://movieweb.com/exclusive-edward-norton-talks-stone/. July 23, 2018. live.
  17. News: Edward Norton's 'Motherless Brooklyn' is a passion project both personal and professional. The Washington Post. Thomas. Floyd. October 25, 2019. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191101155835/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/edward-nortons-motherless-brooklyn-is-a-passion-project-both-personal-and-professional/2019/10/23/db7d0628-f448-11e9-8cf0-4cc99f74d127_story.html. November 1, 2019. live.
  18. Web site: Edward Norton Will Helm Passion Project 'Motherless Brooklyn' With RatPac Funding. Deadline Hollywood. Mike Jr.. Fleming. February 20, 2014. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191121194457/https://deadline.com/2014/02/edward-norton-will-helm-passion-project-motherless-brooklyn-with-ratpac-funding-686666/. November 21, 2019. live.
  19. Web site: Edward Norton's Impassioned Project: How Trump's Election Motivated the Making of Motherless Brooklyn. Vanity Fair. Katey. Rich. November 7, 2019. February 15, 2020.
  20. Web site: Willem Dafoe Joins Edward Norton's 'Motherless Brooklyn'. Fleming. Mike Jr.. February 2, 2018. Deadline Hollywood. July 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180711031231/https://deadline.com/2018/02/willem-dafoe-edward-norton-motherless-brooklyn-the-florida-project-1202277234/. July 11, 2018. live.
  21. Web site: Bruce Willis, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Alec Baldwin & More Board Edward Norton's 'Motherless Brooklyn'. N'Duka. Amanda. February 5, 2018. Deadline Hollywood. July 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180711035116/https://deadline.com/2018/02/bruce-willis-gugu-mbatha-raw-alec-baldwin-motherless-brooklyn-1202278568/. July 11, 2018. live.
  22. Web site: Bobby Cannavale, Dallas Roberts Move Into 'Motherless Brooklyn'. Fleming. Mike Jr.. February 26, 2018. Deadline Hollywood. July 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165128/https://deadline.com/2018/02/bobby-cannavale-dallas-roberts-motherless-brooklyn-edward-norton-1202303781/. June 17, 2018. live.
  23. Web site: Edward Norton Interview: Motherless Brooklyn. Zak. Wojnar. Screen Rant. 2019-11-05. 2020-05-19.
  24. News: TRAFFIC ALERT: Road closures for film shoot in Troy. DeRosa. Leanne. December 4, 2018. WRGB. August 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328065542/https://cbs6albany.com/news/local/traffic-alert-road-closures-for-film-shoot-in-troy. March 28, 2019. live.
  25. Web site: Edward Norton Hails His 'Motherless Brooklyn' Crew for Their 'Career-Best' Work. Variety. Tim. Gray. October 23, 2019. November 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191023174332/https://variety.com/2019/film/production/edward-norton-motherless-brooklyn-crew-1203379011/. October 23, 2019. live.
  26. Edward Norton's Motherless Brooklyn to close New York Film Festival. Entertainment Weekly. Joey. Nolfi. August 2, 2019. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191019011238/https://ew.com/film-festivals/2019/08/02/new-york-film-festival-closing-night-film-motherless-brooklyn/. October 19, 2019. live.
  27. Web site: Behind the scenes: Motherless Brooklyn. IBC. Adrian. Pennington. December 6, 2019. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217085229/https://www.ibc.org/create-and-produce/behind-the-scenes-motherless-brooklyn/5268.article. December 17, 2019. live.
  28. Web site: Firefighter Dies in a Harlem Fire on Film Set. The New York Times. Michael. Schwirtz. Jonah Engel. Bromwich. March 23, 2018. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191029000859/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/nyregion/firefighter-dies-harlem-film-set.html. October 29, 2019. live.
  29. Web site: Firefighter Killed in Harlem Blaze Praised as a 'Hero of the Highest Order'. The New York Times. Michael. Wilson. March 27, 2018. November 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191103032051/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/27/nyregion/firefighter-funeral-harlem.html. November 3, 2019. live.
  30. Web site: Production suspended on 'Motherless Brooklyn' after firefighter death. Kay. Jeremy. March 23, 2018. Screen Daily. July 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180723064042/https://www.screendaily.com/news/production-suspended-on-motherless-brooklyn-after-firefighter-death/5127763.article. July 23, 2018. live.
  31. Web site: Tenants sue Edward Norton's company over set fire. Kay. Jeremy. March 27, 2018. Screen Daily. July 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180723065515/https://www.screendaily.com/news/tenants-sue-edward-nortons-company-over-set-fire/5127836.article. July 23, 2018. live.
  32. Web site: Fatal 'Motherless Brooklyn' Fire Offers Hard Lessons For Film Productions – Update. Hayes. Dade. Robb. David. March 29, 2019. Deadline Hollywood. October 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191225212733/https://deadline.com/2019/03/fatal-motherless-brooklyn-fire-offers-hard-lessons-for-film-productions-1202584954/. December 25, 2019. live.
  33. News: Ed Norton's Production Company Sued Over Fatal Fire In 'Motherless Brooklyn' Set Building. Pedersen. Erik. March 27, 2018. Deadline Hollywood. October 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102152555/https://deadline.com/2018/03/movie-set-fire-ed-nortons-production-company-sued-motherless-brooklyn-1202354399/. November 2, 2019. live.
  34. Web site: Edward Norton's Production Company Sued Over Death of Firefighter in 'Motherless Brooklyn' Blaze. Kenneally. Tim. August 3, 2018. TheWrap. October 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191029000852/https://www.thewrap.com/edward-norton-motherless-brooklyn-firefighter-death-lawsuit-production-company/. October 29, 2019. live.
  35. Web site: 'Motherless Brooklyn' Debuts Amid Messy Legal Battle Over Fatal Fire. Variety. Gene. Maddaus. November 1, 2019. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102023527/https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/motherless-brooklyn-scott-specht-lawsuit-1203390291/. November 2, 2019. live.
  36. Edward Norton on How Thom Yorke Helped Shape New Film 'Motherless Brooklyn'. Rolling Stone. Daniel. Kreps. July 29, 2019. July 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190729145752/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/edward-norton-thom-yorke-motherless-brooklyn-daily-battles-863783/. July 29, 2019. live.
  37. Hear Thom Yorke's New Song 'Daily Battles' From 'Motherless Brooklyn'. Rolling Stone. Daniel. Kreps. August 21, 2019. November 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190914001714/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/thom-yorke-new-song-daily-battles-motherless-brooklyn-wynton-marsalis-874019/. September 14, 2019. live.
  38. Web site: Edward Norton on Making Thom Yorke a Jazz Singer With 'Motherless Brooklyn' Theme. Variety. Chris. Willman. September 3, 2019. December 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191212000734/https://variety.com/2019/music/news/thom-yorke-song-edward-norton-daily-battles-1203321754/. December 12, 2019. live.
  39. Web site: Thom Yorke Shares New Song "Daily Battles" From Edward Norton Movie: Listen. Pitchfork. Noah. Yoo. August 21, 2019. August 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190821174932/https://pitchfork.com/news/thom-yorke-shares-new-song-daily-battles-from-edward-norton-movie-listen/. August 21, 2019. live.
  40. Web site: A Certain Provocation: Edward Norton on the Neo-Noir Motherless Brooklyn. RogerEbert.com. Nell. Minow. October 31, 2019. November 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191101134639/https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/a-certain-provocation-edward-norton-on-the-neo-noir-motherless-brooklyn. November 1, 2019. live.
  41. Web site: Why Edward Norton Tapped Thom Yorke and Wynton Marsalis for His New Movie, Motherless Brooklyn. Pitchfork. Jayson. Greene. November 5, 2019. December 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191203042256/https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/why-edward-norton-tapped-thom-yorke-and-wynton-marsalis-for-his-new-movie-motherless-brooklyn/. December 3, 2019. live.
  42. Web site: Telluride Film Festival: 'Ford V Ferrari', 'Judy', 'Motherless Brooklyn', Weinstein-Inspired Drama 'The Assistant' Among Premieres Headed To 46th Edition – Full List. Deadline Hollywood. Pete. Hammond. August 29, 2019. August 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190829155107/https://deadline.com/2019/08/telluride-film-festival-2019-lineup-ford-vs-ferrari-judy-full-list-of-movies-1202706577/. August 29, 2019. live.
  43. Web site: Toronto Film Festival: 'Joker,' 'Ford v Ferrari,' 'Hustlers' Among Big Premieres. Variety. Brent. Lang. July 23, 2019. July 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190723140739/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/toronto-film-festival-joker-ford-v-ferrari-hustlers-lineup-1203275868/. July 23, 2019. live.
  44. Web site: Vancouver International Film Festival to open with Atom Egoyan's Guest of Honour. The Globe and Mail. Marsha. Lederman. September 4, 2019. November 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191029044321/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/article-vancouver-international-film-festival-to-open-with-atom-egoyans-guest/. October 29, 2019. live.
  45. Lang. Brent. August 2, 2019. Edward Norton's 'Motherless Brooklyn' to Close New York Film Festival. Variety. August 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190803134415/https://variety.com/2019/film/markets-festivals/edward-norton-motherless-brooklyn-new-york-film-festival-1203289272/. August 3, 2019. live.
  46. Web site: Edward Norton says his 'Motherless Brooklyn' is a treatise on unchecked power. San Francisco Chronicle. Jessica. Zack. October 29, 2019. November 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191103032047/https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/movies-tv/edward-norton-says-his-motherless-brooklyn-is-a-treatise-on-unchecked-power. November 3, 2019. live.
  47. Web site: Edward Norton's 'Motherless Brooklyn' To Open Chicago International Film Festival. Forbes. Travis Lee. Bean. September 17, 2019. November 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191103032051/https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbean/2019/09/17/edward-nortons-motherless-brooklyn-to-open-chicago-international-film-festival/. November 3, 2019. live.
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