Morris Chang Explained

Morris Chang
Native Name Lang:zh-Hant-TW
Office1:National Policy Advisor to the President
President1:Chen Shui-bian
Term Start1:20 May 2000
Term End1:19 May 2001
Birth Name:張忠謀
Birth Date:10 July 1931
Birth Place:Ningbo, Chekiang Province, Republic of China
Nationality:United States
Known For:Founder, chairman and CEO, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)
Education:Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BS, MS)
Stanford University (PhD)
Spouse:Sophie Chang
Children:3
Module:
Child:yes
T:張忠謀
S:张忠谋
P:Zhāng Zhōngmóu
Wuu:Jiann阴平去 Zong阴平去mœü阳舒 (urban Ningbo)
Jia阴上 Zong阴平去mœü阳舒 (rural Ningbo)
Jjia阳舒 Zong阴平去mœü阳舒 (rural Ningbo)
Jiann阴平 Jiong阴平miu阳平 (Ninghai)
Jjiann阳平 Jiong阴平miu阳平 (Ninghai)
Tl:Tiunn Tiong-môo (Taipei)
Tiunn Tiong-biô (Hsinchu&Lukang)
Poj:Tiuⁿ Tiong-bô͘
J:Zeung1 Zung1-mau4

Morris Chang (Ningbo Wu: Jiann阴平去 Zong阴平去mœü阳舒; born 10 July 1931) is an American[1] [2] businessman and electrical engineer, originally from Ningbo, China. He built his business career first in the United States and then subsequently in Taiwan. He is the founder and former chairman and CEO of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). He is regarded as the founder of Taiwan's semiconductor industry.[3], his net worth was estimated at US$3.4billion.[4]

Biography

Early life in China

Chang was born in the city of Ningbo, situated within Chekiang in China, in 1931. When he was young, he wanted to become a novelist or journalist, though his father persuaded him otherwise.[5] The elder Chang was an official in charge of finance for the Yin county government and later a bank manager.[6] Due to his father's career and the outbreak of World War II/Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945),[7] the Chang family moved to Nanjing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Chongqing and Shanghai.

Chang spent most of his primary school years in British Hong Kong between the ages of six and eleven. In 1941, the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began and Chang's family went back to Shanghai and Ningbo to live for a few months, eventually making their way to the temporary capital, Chongqing. In 1948, as China was in the height of the restarted Chinese Civil War, a year before People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established and the Republic of China (ROC)'s retreat to Taiwan, Chang again moved to Hong Kong.[6]

Moving to the United States

In 1949, Chang moved to the United States to attend Harvard University. He transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in his sophomore year and received his bachelor's and master's degrees in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1952 and 1953, respectively. Chang failed two consecutive doctoral qualification examinations and eventually left MIT without obtaining a PhD.[6] In 1955 he turned down a job offer from Ford Motor Company and joined Sylvania Semiconductor, then known as a small semiconductor division of Sylvania Electric Products.[8] He was tasked with improving germanium transistor yields, besides device development.

Three years later, he moved to Texas Instruments in 1958, which was then rapidly rising in its field. After three years at TI, he rose to manager of the engineering section of the company. It was then, in 1961, that TI decided to invest in him by giving him the opportunity to obtain his PhD degree, which he received in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1964.[9]

Chang worked on a four-transistor project for TI where the manufacturing was done by IBM. This was one of the early semiconductor foundry relationships. Also at TI, Chang pioneered the then controversial idea of pricing semiconductors "ahead of the cost curve", which meant sacrificing early profits ("short term") to gain market share and achieve manufacturing yields that would result in greater profits over an extended timeline ("long-term").[10] [11]

During his 25-year career (1958–1983) at Texas Instruments, he rose up in the ranks to become the group vice president responsible for TI's worldwide semiconductor business.[12] In the late 1970s, when TI's focus turned to calculators, digital watches and home computers, Chang felt like his career focused on semiconductors was at a dead end at TI.[13]

Chang left TI and later became president and chief operating officer of General Instrument Corporation (1984–1985).[14]

Move to Taiwan

In the early 1980s, while still at Texas Instruments, Chang witnessed TI's factory in Japan achieving twice the chip production yield as TI's factory in Texas. Observing that the staff and technicians in Japan are better qualified and had lower turnover, and failing to recruit the same caliber of staff in the United States, he concluded that future of advanced manufacturing appeared to be in Asia.

After he left General Instrument Corporation, Sun Yun-suan, Premier of the Republic of China (ROC), recruited him to become chairman and president of the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan, where the ROC government is now based, having lost the mainland.[15] This marked his return to the ROC, initially thought to last for a few years, three decades after he left during the chaotic Chinese Civil War mainly between the People's Republic of China and the ROC.

As the head of a government-sponsored non-profit, he was in charge of promoting industrial and technological development in Taiwan. Chang founded TSMC in 1987 thanks to transfer of production technology and license of intellectual property from Philips in exchange for 27.6 percent equity and financing from the government's National Development Fund, Executive Yuan for 48.3 percent stake.[16] [17] This is the beginning of the period where firms increasingly saw value in outsourcing their manufacturing capabilities to Asia. Soon, TSMC became one of the world's most profitable chip makers. Chang left ITRI in 1994 and became chairman of Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation from 1994 to 2003 while continuing to serve as chairman of TSMC. In 2005, he handed TSMC's CEO position to Rick Tsai.[18]

In June 2009, Chang returned to the position of TSMC's CEO once again.[19] On June 5, 2018, Chang announced his retirement, succeeded by C.C. Wei as CEO and Mark Liu as chairman.[20] [21] Chang was awarded the Order of Propitious Clouds, First Class in September 2018.[22]

Chang has served as Presidential Envoy of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to APEC several times. He represented Chen Shui-bian in 2006.[23] [24] Tsai Ing-wen appointed Chang to the same role six times from 2018 to 2023.[25] [26] [27] [28]

In an interview with the Brookings Institution in 2022, Chang said the US government’s efforts to increase onshore chip manufacturing by spending tens of billions dollars would be a very expensive and wasteful exercise in futility, the US would increase onshore semiconductor manufacturing somewhat at a very high cost, high unit costs, and non-competitive in the world market to compete with factories like TSMC. Chang said TSMC chairman Mark Liu decided to invest US$12 billion in Arizona at the urging of the US government.[29] [30]

Personal

Morris Chang obtained American citizenship in 1962. He has represented as special envoy four times on behalf of the Taiwanese delegation to participate APEC Meetings under the name Chinese Taipei.[31]

In 2009, Chang performed the role of Master Dragon in the first episode of “Let’s Go Guang!” a multimedia language program for children by aha!Chinese. [32]

MIT named Building E52 the “Morris and Sophie Chang Building” in honor of Chang and his wife in 2016. Building E52 is the original home of the MIT Sloan School of Management and headquarters of the MIT Department of Economics. [33] [34]

Chang's wife, Sophie Chang, is a cousin of Terry Gou, the founder of Foxconn.[35] Chang has two stepdaughters through Sophie, and one daughter from his first marriage.

Affiliations

Honorary doctorates

Awards and recognitions

Authored books

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: 2023-08-04 . The Chip Titan Whose Life's Work Is at the Center of a Tech Cold War . The New York Times . en . 2023-08-04 . Mozur . Paul . Liu . John .
  2. News: Yixin . Guo . August 21, 2023 . 張忠謀自稱美國人 為何願意創立台積電？當年多虧他出手 . Zhang Zhongmou claims that why Americans are willing to create TSMC? Thanks to him for taking action back then . May 28, 2024 . . zh . 自從我逃離共產主義中國，來到美國並於1962年入籍以來，我的身份就一直是美國人，別無其他。 . Since I fled communist China, came to the United States and became a naturalized citizen in 1962, my identity has always been that of an American and nothing else..
  3. Web site: Morris Chang — founding chairman of Taiwan Semiconductor. Stanford University. School of Engineering. 4 May 2015. en. California.
  4. Web site: Forbes profile: Morris Chang . 12 April 2024 . Forbes . en.
  5. Web site: Morris Chang: Foundry Father . IEEE Spectrum . 19 April 2011 . 20 March 2021 . en.
  6. Web site: 台灣半導體產業教父——張忠謀 . 認識名人 Great People . . 20 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231004102533/https://taiwan.k12ea.gov.tw/index.php?inter=people&id=27 . 2023-10-04 . dead.
  7. Web site: Sun, Vlasova, Harmsen. Lianggang, Evgenia, Peter. Shanghai 1937 – Where World War II Began. 2020-12-31. SHANGHAI 1937: WHERE WORLD WAR II BEGAN. en-US. When did World War II begin? Shanghai 1937: Where World War II Began answers that question in a way most audiences will find surprising. Americans might say December 7, 1941… The day the Japanese Imperial Navy attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. For Europeans, it was September 1, 1939… When Nazi Germany invaded Poland. But in China, people will tell you a different date. August 13, 1937..
  8. Perry, supra n. 1
  9. Book: Zhang . Wenxian . Biographical Dictionary of New Chinese Entrepreneurs and Business Leaders. Alon. IIan. 2009. Edward Elgar Publishing. 10.4337/9781848449510. 9781848449510 .
  10. Web site: Stanford Engineering Hero Morris Chang honored for revolutionizing chip making . 2016-06-09 . Stanford School of Engineering . en . 2020-05-19 .
  11. Book: BUS, FRANCOIS FRANCIS . L'EPOQUE OU LES PUCES FONT LEURS LOIS : histoire des semiconducteurs vecue de chez texas instruments . 2020 . BOOKS ON DEMAND . 9782322256853 . 1225066813.
  12. Book: BUS, FRANCOIS FRANCIS . L'EPOQUE OU LES PUCES FONT LEURS LOIS : histoire des semiconducteurs vecue de chez Texas Instruments . 2020 . BOOKS ON DEMAND . 9782322256853 .
  13. News: 2023-08-04 . The Chip Titan Whose Life's Work Is at the Center of a Tech Cold War . The New York Times . en . 2023-08-04 . Mozur . Paul . Liu . John .
  14. Web site: August 24, 2007 . Oral History Interview: Morris Chang . 22 January 2024 . semi.org . SEMI.
  15. Book: Tsai . Terence . Cheng . Borshiuan . The Silicon Dragon: High-tech Industry in Taiwan . Edward Elgar Publishing . 2006 . 92 . 9781847203137 .
  16. News: 與飛利浦數度交手 . 30 January 2023 . CommonWealth Magazine . 1 April 1997 . zh-tw . 14 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230314101653/https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5107898 . live .
  17. News: 猶太人與台積電的奇特淵源 . 30 January 2023 . www.upmedia.mg . 上報 . 16 February 2021 . zh-tw . 30 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230130153324/https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?Type=2&SerialNo=106657 . live .
  18. Web site: TSMC says Morris Chang is retiring as CEO — again. Wang. Lisa. 2013-11-13. The Taipei Times. 2018-06-20.
  19. Web site: Back to the future for TSMC's new CEO. 2009-06-12. Taiwan Today. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 2018-06-20.
  20. News: After spawning a $100 billion industry, Taiwan's "godfather" of computer chips is retiring. Horwitz. Josh. Quartz. 2018-06-05. 2018-06-20.
  21. News: Chang . Chien-chung . Huang . Frances . It's official: TSMC's Chang retires after board reshuffle . June 5, 2018.
  22. News: TSMC founder receives Order of Propitious Clouds . 14 September 2018 . Taipei Times . 14 September 2018.
  23. News: 'Father of semiconductor industry' represents President Chen in Hanoi . 10 November 2020 . Taiwan Today . 10 November 2006.
  24. News: Chen . Rodney . TSMC chairman Morris Chang to represent Taiwan at APEC summit . 10 November 2020 . Digitimes . 31 October 2006.
  25. News: Li . Lauly . Taiwan appoints TSMC founder Morris Chang as APEC envoy . 10 November 2020 . Nikkei . 3 October 2018.
  26. News: Tsai taps Morris Chang as APEC envoy . 10 November 2020 . Taipei Times . 15 October 2019.
  27. News: Wen . Kuei-hsiang . Yu . Hsiang . Huang . Frances . Tsai names TSMC founder as Taiwan's envoy to APEC summit (update) . Central News Agency . 10 November 2020.
  28. News: TSMC founder in US for APEC meet. Taipei Times. 16 November 2023. 23 December 2023.
  29. News: Vigliarolo . Brandon . US chip output growth a futile exercise, warns TSMC founder . 29 March 2024 . www.theregister.com . en.
  30. News: Wang . Lisa . US' chip bid 'futile,' Morris Chang says - Taipei Times . 29 March 2024 . www.taipeitimes.com . 22 April 2022.
  31. Web site: APEC Leader's Representative Morris Chang holds international press conference . 2023-08-05 . english.president.gov.tw . en.
  32. Web site: Morris Chang - Biography . 2024-03-01 . IMDb . en-US.
  33. Web site: 2015-12-02 . MIT to name signature building on the Charles River in honor of Morris and Sophie Chang . 2024-03-02 . MIT News Massachusetts Institute of Technology . en.
  34. Web site: 2024-02-28 . Photos: MIT celebrates dedication of the Chang Building MIT Sloan . 2024-03-02 . mitsloan.mit.edu . en.
  35. News: China beats Taiwan to the punch in announcing new vaccine delivery . 1 September 2021 . Reuters . 7 February 2024.
  36. Web site: GSA's Prestigious Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award Honors Stanford University President, Dr. John Hennessy. 2010-10-19. www.businesswire.com. en. 2020-05-19.
  37. Web site: Morris Chang '52 Life Member Emeritus . MIT . 5 February 2015.
  38. Web site: Goldman Sachs Press Releases - Morris Chang to Join Goldman Sachs' Board of Directors. Goldman Sachs. en-US. 2001-11-14. 2020-05-19.
  39. Web site: Taiwan Semi CEO Exits Goldman Board. Wall Street Journal. en-US. 2002-12-27. 2020-08-04.
  40. Web site: Presidential Office names advisors. Taipei Times. en-US. 2001-05-21. 2020-08-04.
  41. Web site: Members . Committee of 100. en-US. 2020-08-04.
  42. News: Kung fu novelist Jin Yong to receive honorary degree. 2007-05-08. Central News Agency. Taipei Times. Jin Yong will be one of three people to be awarded honorary doctorates in an event marking NCCU's 80th anniversary. The other two are Cloud Gate Dance Theater founder Lin Hwai-min (林懷民) and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co chairman Morris Chang (張忠謀).. Taipei City.
  43. Web site: Asia University, Taiwan 歡迎光臨亞洲大學全球資訊網. www.asia.edu.tw. 2018-02-12.
  44. Web site: Dr. Morris Chang Exemplary Leadership Award Nomination Form.
  45. Web site: IEEE Robert N. Noyce Medal Recipients . https://web.archive.org/web/20100619235716/http://ieee.org/documents/noyce_rl.pdf . dead . 19 June 2010 . . 12 May 2011.
  46. Web site: Directory of NAE Members.
  47. Web site: Nikkei Asia Prize, List of Winners. https://web.archive.org/web/20141110035839/http://www.nikkei-events.jp/asiaprizes/en/pastwinner/index.html. dead. 10 November 2014.
  48. Web site: Computer History Museum Names Morris Chang, John Hennessy, David Patterson and Charles Thacker to List of Fellow Award Honorees; Celebrates Twentieth Anniversary of Fellow Award Program . Computer History Museum . 23 May 2013 .
  49. Web site: TSMC's Chang receives SIA award | EE Times.
  50. Web site: IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients . . 23 February 2011.
  51. Web site: Morris Chang Calls on Government to Cherish Local Industries. 27 November 2011. Kuomintang. President Ma Ying-jeou awarded the Order of Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon to 12 figures who had made long-term contributions to the country and society, including Morris Chang (張忠謀).
  52. Web site: Visionary Award - SPIE. 2020-09-01. spie.org.
  53. Web site: Decorations of the Republic of China (Taiwan). 4 April 2020. Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). 2018-9-14 Republic of China Order of Propitious Clouds with Special Grand Cordon Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) Founder Morris Chang.
  54. News: Wu . Shu-wei . Ko . Lin . TSMC founder honored for representing Taiwan at APEC . 14 May 2024 . Central News Agency . 19 April 2024.

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