The Erzyan native religion (Erzya: эрзянь пазнэнь озноматe|translit=erzań pazneń oznomate), also called Erzyan neopaganism, is the modern revival of the ethnic religion of the Erzya Mordvins, peoples of Volga Finnic ethnic stock dwelling in the republic of Mordovia within Russia, or in bordering lands of Russia. The name of the originating god according to the Erzya tradition is Ineshkipaz.
The Mordvins have been almost fully Christianised since the times of Kievan Rus', although Pagan customs were preserved in the folklore and a few villages completely preserved the native faith at least until further missionary activities of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century and in the early 20th century.[1] The Neopagan revival was started in 1990,[2] alongside that of many other native religions in Russia, as the Soviet Union was on the brink of dissolution.
According to scholar Victor Schnirelmann, 2% of the Erzya adhere to the native faith and do not practice Christianity,.[2] Adherents of the Erzyan Mastor organisation organise the Ras'ken' Ozks, a national Erzyan worship service held yearly, with participation also of members of the Mastorava organisation and other ones.[3] [4] [5]
The revival of the Erzyan native religion has grown alongside, and with the support, of Mordvin nationalism which started in the last years of the Soviet regime.[6] The revival of the national consciousness of the Mordvins was difficult at first, since they were a minority in their country and the press, which was very influential, took a tough communist line.[6] The Russian democrats and communists were hostile towards Mordvin nationalists.[6]
At the start of the perestroika the Mordvin national intelligentsia waged a vigorous and successful campaign against Russian Orthodoxy, called "the religion of occupation", "the Russifying ideological force".[6] Later the Saransk Ministry of Culture endorsed the revival of Mordvin culture and Paganism, arousing outcry from local Orthodox bishops.[6] This was the circle that produced the first Neopagans, the Mastorava organisation led by the local poet Raisa Kemaikina, a group within the Saransk intelligentsia whose aim was the complete reconstruction of a Pagan worldview and religious services reworking folkloric, ethnographic and linguistic study.[6]
The Mastorava organisation was established in 1990 with the aim of "restoring the Erzyaethnic communities", also fostering a revival of Paganism.[2] The association is officially registered in Moscow since 2002.[7] The current president is Nikolay Vasilyevich Butilov.
The Erzyan Mastor (Erzya for: "Erzyan Land") is a more recent organisation splintering from the Mastorava association. At first it was headed by Raisa Kemaykina (Mariz Kemal; Маризь Кемаль).[6] The group is focused on the Erzya, has political aims for the spread of Erzya Paganism, and is militant against Christianity.[8] In 1992 Kemaykina released the following declarations to the Chuvash newspaper Atlas, answering to a question about her attitude towards Christianity:[6]
In 1992 Kemaykina organised the first Pagan national ritual after decades or even centuries, sponsored by Erzyan businessmen.[9] Neighbouring villages learned long-forgotten Pagan prayers and Kemaikina was proclaimed the first priestess of the Erzya people.[9] Television reports of that and following national worship ceremonies caused enthusiasm throughout the republic, and now the "Pagan question" is discussed from the remotest villages to university auditoria.[9]