| Morbihan | |
| Native Name Lang: | fr |
| Type: | Department |
| Image Map1: | Morbihan.png |
| Map Caption1: | Map of the Morbihan |
| Coordinates: | 47.8333°N -52°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | France |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Brittany |
| Seat Type: | Prefecture |
| Seat: | Vannes |
| Parts Type: | Subprefectures |
| Parts Style: | para |
| P1: | Lorient Pontivy |
| Leader Title: | President of the Departmental Council |
| Leader Name: | David Lappartient[1] |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 6823 |
| Population Rank: | 31st |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Department number |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 56 |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Arrondissements |
| Blank Info Sec2: | 3 |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Cantons |
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | 21 |
| Blank2 Name Sec2: | Communes |
| Blank2 Info Sec2: | 249 |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +1 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +2 |
| Iso Code: | FR-56 |
| Footnotes: | French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2 |
The Morbihan (in French mɔʁbi(j)ɑ̃/; Breton: Mor-Bihan in Breton pronounced as /moːrˈbiː(h)ãn/) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 759,684 in 2019.[2] It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.
Three major military educational facilities are located in Guer, including École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, the national military academy for officers.
The Morbihan is one of the original 83 departments created on 4 March 1790 during the French Revolution. It was created from a part of the Duchy of Brittany.
In 1945 cadets from École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, France's foremost military academy for officers, were relocated to Camp Coëtquidan (Camp de Coëtquidan) in Guer. This has been developed to include also the École militaire interarmes (inter-services military school), for non-commissioned officers; and École Militaire du Corps Technique et Administratif (military school of the technical and administrative corps).
The Morbihan, part of the region of Brittany, is surrounded by the departments of Finistère, Côtes-d'Armor, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Loire-Atlantique, and the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest.
The Gulf of Morbihan has many islands: 365 according to legend. There are actually between 30 and 40, depending on how they are counted. There are also many islets that are too small for any development. Of these islands, all but two are privately owned: l'Île-aux-Moines and l'Île-d'Arz. Owners of the others include movie stars, fashion designers, and other wealthy "glitterati".
In the department of the Morbihan, but outside the Gulf, there are four inhabited islands:
Meaban, an island just outside the Port du Crouesty, is an ornithological reserve. Visitors are forbidden there.
The most populous commune is Lorient; the prefecture Vannes is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 15,000 inhabitants:[2]
| Commune | Population (2019) | |
|---|---|---|
| Lorient | 57,246 | |
| Vannes | 53,719 | |
| Lanester | 23,124 | |
| Ploemeur | 17,778 | |
| Hennebont | 16,062 | |
| Pontivy | 15,064 |
Many residents support maintenance and use of the Breton language, and there are numerous advocates of bilingual education.
The painter Raymond Wintz (1884–1956) depicted locations around the Gulf of Morbihan.
As of 2014, the préfet of the Morbihan is Jean-François Savy, previously head of the Prefectures of Ardennes and of Hautes-Alpes.[3] The president of the Departmental Council is David Lappartient, elected in July 2021.