Monza Circuit Explained

Autodromo Nazionale Monza
Former Names:Circuito di Milano (1922-1927)
Autodromo di Monza (1928-1964, 1975-1982)
Autodromo Nazionale Monza (1965-1974, 1983-Present)
Nicknames:The Temple of Speed
Location:Monza, Italy[1]
Time:CET (UTC+1)
CEST (DST)
Capacity:118,865[2]
Fiagrade:1
Owner:Comune di Monza & Milano
Operator:SIAS S.p.A.
Architect:Alfredo Rosselli
Events:Current:
Formula One
Italian Grand Prix (1950–1979, 1981–present)
GT World Challenge Europe (2013–2019, 2021, 2023–present)
International GT Open
(2006–present)
Former:
FIA WEC and predecessors
6 Hours of Monza (1949–1988, 1990–1992, 1995–2001, 2003–2005, 2007–2008, 2021–2023)
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Italian motorcycle Grand Prix (1949–1968, 1970–1971, 1973, 1981, 1983, 1986–1987)
World SBK (1990, 1992–1993, 1995–2013)
FIM EWC (1964–1965, 1985, 1987)
WTCC Race of Italy
(2005–2008, 2010–2013, 2017)
Race of Two Worlds (1957–1958)
Layout1:Modern Grand Prix Circuit (2000–present)
Surface:Asphalt
Length Km:5.793[3]
Length Mi:3.600
Turns:11
Record Time:1:21.046
Record Driver: Rubens Barrichello
Record Car:Ferrari F2004
Record Year:2004
Record Class:F1
Layout2:Oval (1955–1971)
Surface2:Concrete/Asphalt
Length Km2:4.250
Length Mi2:2.641
Turns2:2
Banking2:≈30°
Record Time2:0:54.0
Record Driver2: Bob Veith
Record Car2:Bowes Seal Fast Special
Record Year2:1958
Record Class2:IndyCar
Layout3:Junior Course (1959–present)
Surface3:Asphalt
Length Km3:2.405
Length Mi3:1.494
Record Time3:0:54.300
Record Car3:Porsche 934/76
Record Year3:1976
Record Class3:Group 5
Layout4:Combined Course (1955–1971)
Surface4:Asphalt/Concrete
Length Km4:10.000
Length Mi4:6.213
Turns4:9
Record Time4:2.43.600
Record Driver4: Phil Hill
Record Car4:Ferrari 246 F1
Record Year4:1960
Record Class4:F1

The Monza Circuit (Italian: Italian: Autodromo Nazionale Monza;) is a race track near the city of Monza, north of Milan, in Italy. Built in 1922, it was the world's third purpose-built motor racing circuit after Brooklands and Indianapolis and the oldest in mainland Europe.[4] The circuit's biggest event is the Italian Grand Prix. With the exception of the 1980 running when the track was closed while undergoing refurbishment, the race has been hosted there since 1949.[5]

Built in the Royal Villa of Monza park in a woodland setting,[6] the site has three tracks – the Grand Prix track,[7] the Junior track,[3] and a high speed oval track with steep bankings, which was left unused for decades and had been decaying until it was restored in the 2010s.[8] [5] The major features of the main Grand Prix track include the Curva Grande, the Curva di Lesmo, the Variante Ascari and the Curva Alboreto (formerly Curva Parabolica[9]). The high speed curve, Curva Grande, is located after the Variante del Rettifilo which is located at the end of the front straight or Rettifilo Tribune, and is usually taken flat out by Formula One cars.

In addition to Formula One, the circuit previously hosted the 1,000 km Monza, an endurance sports car race held as part of the World Sportscar Championship and the Le Mans Series. Monza also featured the unique Race of Two Worlds events, which attempted to run Formula One and USAC National Championship cars against each other. The racetrack also previously held rounds of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing (Italian motorcycle Grand Prix), WTCC, TCR International Series, Superbike World Championship, Formula Renault 3.5 Series and Auto GP. Monza currently hosts rounds of the Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup, International GT Open and Euroformula Open Championship, as well as various local championships such as the TCR Italian Series, Italian GT Championship, Porsche Carrera Cup Italia and Italian F4 Championship, as well as the Monza Rally Show. In 2020, Monza hosted the 2020 World Rally Championship final round, ACI Rally Monza, with the circuit hosting 10 of the 16 rally stages.

Monza also hosts cycling and running events, most notably the Monza 12h Cycling Marathon[10] and Monza 21 Half Marathon.[10] The venue was also selected by Nike scientists for the Breaking2 event, where three runners attempted to break the 2-hour barrier for the marathon. Eliud Kipchoge ran 2:00:25.[11]

A very fast circuit, Monza has been the site of many fatal accidents, especially in the early years of the Formula One world championship, and has claimed the lives of 52 drivers and 35 spectators. Track modifications have continuously occurred, to improve spectator safety and reduce curve speeds,[5] but it is still criticised by the current drivers for its lack of run-off areas, most notoriously at the chicane that cuts the Variante della Roggia.

History

Early history

The first track was built from May to July 1922 by 3,500 workers, financed by the Milan Automobile Club[6] – which created the Società Incremento Automobilismo e Sport (SIAS) (English: Motoring and Sport Encouragement Company) to run the track. The initial form was a 3.4km2 site with of macadamised road – comprising a loop track, and a road track.[6] The track was officially opened on 3 September 1922, with the maiden race the second Italian Grand Prix held on 10 September 1922.[12]

In 1928, the most serious Italian racing accident to date[6] ended in the death of driver Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators at that year's Italian Grand Prix.[6] The accident led to further Grand Prix races' confinement to the high-speed loop until 1932.[13] For these reasons the Italian Grand Prix was not held again until 1931; in the meantime the 1930 Monza Grand Prix was held on the high speed ring only, while in 1930 Vincenzo Florio introduced the Florio Circuit. The 1933 Italian Grand Prix was held on the original complete layout but it was marred by the deaths of three drivers (Giuseppe Campari, Baconin Borzacchini and Stanisław Czaykowski) in the supporting Monza Grand Prix held on the same day - which became known as the "Black Day of Monza" - over the shorter oval circuit[12] [14] [15] and the Grand Prix layout was changed: in 1934 a short circuit with two lanes of the straight line joined by a hairpin, Curva Sud of the banking (with a double chicane) driven in the opposite direction than usual, the "Florio link" and the Curva Sud (with a small chicane). This configuration was considered too slow and in 1935 Florio Circuit was used again, this time with four temporary chicanes and another one permanent (along the Curva Sud of the banking). In 1938 only the last one was used.[16]

There was major rebuilding in 1938–39, constructing new stands and entrances, resurfacing the track, removing the high speed ring and adding two new bends on the southern part of the circuit.[12] [13] The resulting layout gave a Grand Prix lap of 6.3km (03.9miles), in use until 1954.[17] The outbreak of World War II meant racing at the track was suspended until 1948[17] and parts of the circuit degraded due to the lack of maintenance and military use.[5] Monza was renovated over a period of two months at the beginning of 1948[12] and a Grand Prix was held on 17 October 1948.[17]

High speed oval

In 1954, work began to entirely revamp the circuit, resulting in a course, and a new high-speed oval with banked sopraelevata curves (the southern one was moved slightly north).[5] [18] The two circuits could be combined to re-create the former 10km (10miles)[5] long circuit, with cars running parallel on the main straight. The first Lesmo curve was modified to be made faster, and the track infrastructure and facilities were also updated and improved to better accommodate the teams and spectators.[12] [18]

The Automobile Club of Italy held Race of Two Worlds exhibition competitions, intended to pit United States Auto Club IndyCars against European Formula One and sports cars.[5] [18] The races were held on the oval at the end of June in 1957 and 1958,[19] with three 63 lap[20] 267.67km (166.32miles) heat races each year, races which colloquially became known as the Monzanapolis series.[19] [21] Concerns were raised among the European drivers that flat-out racing on the banking would be too dangerous,[21] so ultimately only Ecurie Ecosse and Maserati represented European racing at the first running.[22] The American teams had brought special Firestone tyres with them, reinforced to withstand high-speed running on the bumpy Monza surface, but the Maseratis' steering was badly affected by the larger-than-usual tyre size, leading to the Modena-based team withdrawal.[22]

Ecurie Ecosse's three Jaguar D-type sports cars used their Le Mans-specification tyres with no ill-effects, but since they raced at less than their practice speeds to conserve their tyres, they were completely outpaced. Two heats in 1957 were won by Jimmy Bryan in his Kuzma-Offenhauser Dean Van Lines Special,[22] [23] and the last by Troy Ruttman in the Watson-Offenhauser John Zink Special.[24] In 1958 Jaguar, Ferrari and Maserati teams appeared alongside the Indy roadsters,[18] [25] but once again the American cars dominated the event and Jim Rathmann won the three races in a Watson-Offenhauser car.[19]

Formula One used the high speed track in the 1955, 1956, 1960 and 1961 Grands Prix.[5] [18] Stirling Moss and Phil Hill both won twice in this period, with Hill's win at Monza making him the first American to win a Formula One race. The combined circuit was not used for 3 years because during the 1956 event the Ferraris and Maseratis were suffering mechanically on the banking, and the combined circuit was used again in 1960 because Ferrari's main strength that year was straight-line speed and the organizers wanted to maximise this advantage. The 1961 race saw the death of Wolfgang von Trips and fifteen spectators when a collision with Jim Clark's Lotus sent von Trips' car airborne and into the barriers at the approach to the Parabolica.[12] [26]

Although the accident did not occur on the oval section of the track, the high speeds were deemed unsafe and F1 use of the oval was ended. Another attempt was made to use the combined circuit for the 1963 race, but the extremely bumpy nature and poor overall quality of the concrete banking saw some cars suffer mechanically. The teams protested and threatened to leave unless only the road circuit was used, which is ultimately what happened.[27] Future Grands Prix were held on the shorter road circuit,[18] with the banking appearing one last time in the film Grand Prix. New safety walls, rails and fences were added before the next race and the refuelling area was moved further from the track. Chicanes were added before both bankings in 1966, and another fatality in the 1968 1000 km Monza race led to run-off areas added to the curves, with the track layout changing the next year to incorporate permanent chicanes before the banked curves – extending the track length by 100m (300feet).[18]

The combined circuit held its last major race in 1969 with the 1000 km of Monza, the event moving solely to the road circuit the next year; the banking has never been used again for any major races.[18] The banking still exists, albeit in a decayed state in the years since the last race, escaping demolition in the 1990s. It is used once a year for the Monza Rally, which served part of the 2021 World Rally Championship, which was the first FIA championship event since 1969. The banked oval was used several times for record breaking until the late 1960s, although the severe bumping was a major suspension and tyre test for the production cars attempting endurance records, such as the Ford Corsair GT which in 1964 captured 13 records.[28]

Circuit changes and modernisation

Both car and Grand Prix motorcycle racing were regular attractions at Monza.[18] These races involved drivers constantly slipstreaming competing cars, which produced several close finishes, such as in 1967, 1969, and 1971.

As the speed of the machines increased, two chicanes were added in 1972 to reduce racing speeds – the Variante del Rettifilo at the middle of the start/finish straight,[29] and the Variante Ascari.[12] This resulted in a new circuit length of .[29] Grand Prix motorcycles continued to use the un-slowed road track until two serious accidents resulted in five deaths, including Renzo Pasolini and Jarno Saarinen,[29] in 1973, and motorcycle racing did not return to Monza until 1981.[29] The 1972 chicanes were soon seen to be ineffective at slowing cars; the Vialone was remade in 1974,[29] the other, Curva Grande in 1976,[12] and a third also added in 1976 before the Lesmo, with extended run-off areas.[29] The Grand Prix lap after these alterations was increased to 5.8km (03.6miles) long.[29]

With technology still increasing vehicle speeds the track was modified again in 1979 with added safety measures such as new kerbs, extended run-off areas and tyre-barriers to improve safety for drivers off the track.[30] The infrastructure was also improved, with pits able to accommodate 46 cars, and an upgraded paddock and scrutineering facilities.[30] These changes encouraged world championship motorcycling to return in 1981, but further safety work was undertaken through the 1980s.[30] Also in the 1980s the podium, paddock and pits complex, stands,[30] [31] and camp site were either rebuilt or improved.[12]

As motorsport became more safety conscious following the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger in at the Imola circuit, the three main long curves were "squeezed" in order to install larger gravel traps, shortening the lap to .[31] In the stands were reworked to expand capacity to 51,000.[31] In, the chicane on the main straight was altered, changing from a double left-right chicane to a single right-left chicane in an attempt to reduce the frequent accidents at the starts due to the conformation of the braking area, although it is still deemed unsafe in terms of motorcycle racing. The second chicane was also re-profiled. In the Formula 1 Grand Prix of the same year, the first to use these new chicanes, a fire marshal, Paolo Gislimberti, was killed by flying debris after a big pileup at the second chicane.

In 2007, the run-off area at the second chicane was changed from gravel to asphalt. The length of the track in its current configuration is .[7] At the 2010 Monza Superbike World Championship round, Italian rider Max Biaggi set the fastest ever motorcycle lap of Monza when he rode his Aprilia RSV4 1000 F to pole position in a time of 1:42.121. In the Superpole qualification for the 2011 race, he improved on this lap time, for a new lap record of 1:41.745 and his speed was captured at 205+ mph.

In late 2016, work was planned on a new first bend, which would have bypassed the first chicane and the Curva Grande. Drivers were to go through a fast right hand kink and into a new, faster chicane. Work was planned for to be completed by 2017 in hopes of a renewed contract for Formula 1. Gravel would have also returned to the run-off area at the Parabolica bend.[32] However, plans for the track's change were suspended due to the track being in the historic Monza Park.

A lap of the circuit in a Formula One car

Monza, throughout its long and storied history has been known for its high-speed, simplistic nature (compared to "harder" circuits such as Singapore or Monaco, which are tight, unforgiving street circuits with lots of corners) thanks to its 1920s design and the few alterations it has received, and is currently the fastest track on the Formula One calendar and has been so since 1991. Monza consists of very long straights and tight chicanes, putting a premium on good braking stability and traction. The [7] circuit is very hard on engines; Formula 1 engines are at full throttle for nearly 80% of the lap, with engine failures common, notably Fernando Alonso in the 2006 Italian Grand Prix or Nico Rosberg in the 2015 Italian Grand Prix.

Drivers are on full throttle for most of the lap due to its long straights and fast corners, and is usually the scenario in which the open-wheeled Formula One cars show the raw speed of which they are capable: during the mid-2000s V10 engine formula, although in 2012 with the 2.4L V8 engines, top speeds in Formula One rarely reached over ; the 1.6L turbocharged hybrid V6 engine, reduced-downforce formula of 2014 displayed top speeds of up to . The circuit is generally flat, but has a gradual gradient from the second Lesmos to the Variante Ascari. Due to the low aerodynamic profile needed, with its resulting low downforce,[33] the grip is very low; understeer is a more serious issue than at other circuits; however, the opposite effect, oversteer, is also present in the second sector, requiring the use of a very distinctive opposite lock technique. Since both maximum power and minimal drag are keys for speed on the straights, only competitors with enough power or aerodynamic efficiency at their disposal are able to challenge for the top places.[33]

Formula One cars are set up with one of the smallest wing angles on the F1 calendar to ensure the lowest level of drag on the straights. There are only 6 corner complexes at Monza: the first two chicanes, the two Lesmos, the Ascari complex and the Parabolica. Thus cars are set up for maximum performance on the straights.

Cars approach the first corner at in eighth gear,[7] and brake at about 120m (390feet) before the first chicane—the Variante del Rettifilo—entering at in second gear, and exiting at in second gear.[7] This is the scene of many first-lap accidents. Higher kerbs were installed at the first two chicanes in 2009 to prevent cutting.[34]

Good traction out of the first corner is imperative for a quick lap. Conservation of speed through the first chicane is made possible by driving the straightest line, as a small mistake here can result in a lot of time being lost through the Curva Grande down to the Variante della Roggia chicane in eighth gear, at .[7] The braking point is just under the bridge. The kerbs are brutal and it is very easy for a car to become unbalanced and a driver to lose control, as Kimi Räikkönen did in 2005. This chicane is probably the best overtaking chance on the lap, as it is the only one with the "slow corner, long straight, slow corner"; one of the characteristics of modern circuits.

The Curve di Lesmo are two corners that are not as fast as they used to be, but are still challenging corners. The first is blind, entered at in sixth gear, apexing at,[7] and has a slight banking. The second is a seventh gear entry at, apexing in fifth gear at,[7] and it is very important that all the kerb is used. A mistake at one of these corners will result in a spin into the gravel, while good exits can set a driver up for an overtaking move into Variante Ascari.

The downhill straight down to Variante Ascari is very bumpy under the bridge. Variante Ascari is a very tricky sequence of corners and is key to the lap time.

The final challenge is the Curva Parabolica: approaching at in eighth gear,[7] cars quickly dance around the corner, apexing in sixth gear at [7] and exiting in sixth gear at,[7] accelerating onto the main start/finish straight. A good exit and slipstream off a fellow driver along the main straight can produce an overtaking opportunity under heavy braking into Variante del Rettifilo; however, it is difficult to follow a leading car closely through the Parabolica as the tow will reduce downforce and cornering speed.

The maximum speed recorded in a Formula One car was, established at the end of the start/finish straight.[35] They experience a maximum g-force of 4.50 during deceleration, and the track has many dramatic high to low speed transitions.[36] [7]

Lap records

Lewis Hamilton recorded the fastest pole position lap at Monza in 2020, when he lapped in 1:18.887 at an average speed of – the fastest average lap speed recorded in qualifying for a World Championship event.[37] [38] The official race lap record for the current circuit layout is 1:21.046, set by Rubens Barrichello during the 2004 Italian Grand Prix. As of September 2023, the fastest official race lap records of Autodromo Nazionale Monza are listed as:

Category Driver Vehicle Time Event
Grand Prix Circuit (2000–present): 5.793 km[39] [40]
1:21.046 2004 Italian Grand Prix
1:30.528 2006 Monza GP2 Series round
1:32.449[41] 2008 1000 km of Monza
1:33.155 2022 Monza Formula 2 round
1:33.276[42] 2023 Monza BOSS GP Series round
1:34.899[43] 2013 Monza Formula Renault 3.5 Series round
1:35.988[44] 2020 4 Hours of Monza
1:36.286[45] 2011 Monza Auto GP round
1:36.466
1:36.589[46] 2022 6 Hours of Monza
1:37.251[47] 2023 6 Hours of Monza
1:37.527[48] 2014 Monza FA1 round
1:38.237[49] 2013 Monza GP3 Series round
1:38.881[50]
1:38.887[51] 2022 Monza Formula 3 round
1:39.708[52]
1:39.997[53] 2011 Monza FTwo round
1:40.775[54] 2000 Aprimatic Trophy
1:42.146[55] 2019 Monza Historic
1:43.708[56] 2022 Monza Euroformula Open round
1:44.374[57] 2020 Monza Le Mans Cup round
1:44.708[58]
1:45.336 2009 Monza World SBK round
1:45.947 2022 6 Hours of Monza
1:47.071 2000 Aprimatic Trophy
1:47.153[59] 2019 Monza International GT Open round
1:47.236[60]
1:48.064[61] 2023 Monza GT2 European Series round
1:49.557[62] 2020 Monza Porsche Carrera Cup Italia round
1:49.569
1:49.728 2009 Monza World SSP round
1:49.922[63] 2017 Monza Formula Renault Eurocup round
1:49.956[64] 2023 Monza GT Cup Open Europe round
1:49.967
1:50.299[65] 2003 Monza Interserie round
1:51.285[66] 2008 FIA GT Monza 2 Hours
1:52.863[67] 2023 Monza Italian F4 Championship round
1:53.381[68] 2017 FIA WTCC Race of Italy
1:54.109 2019 Monza Historic
1:54.159[69] 2022 Monza Ligier European Series round
1:54.859[70] 2000 Monza ESTC round
1:55.137 2019 Monza Historic
1:55.820[71] 2023 Monza GT4 European Series round
1:57.333[72] 2021 Monza TCR Europe round
1:58.683[73] 2009 Monza Formula BMW Europe Round
1:59.0002012 FIA WTCC Race of Italy
1:59.256[74] 2013 Monza NASCAR Whelen Euro Series round
1:59.871[75] 2022 Monza Alpine Elf Europa Cup round
2:00.428[76] 2022 Monza Ligier European Series round
2:00.813[77] 2015 Monza SEAT León Eurocup round
2:01.008[78] 2017 Monza French F4 round
2:04.066[79] 2014 Monza MW-V6 Pickup Series round
2:04.174 2019 Monza Historic
2:09.965 2019 Monza Historic
2:11.003 2019 Monza Historic
2.11.756[80] 2020 Monza Renault Clio Cup Italy round
Motorcycle Circuit (2010–present): 5.777 km
1:42.229[81] 2013 Monza World SBK round
1:44.330[82] 2012 Monza CIV Superbike round
1:47.767 2010 Monza World SSP round
1:49.876[83] 2012 Monza CIV Supersport round
Junior Course (1959–present): 2.405 km
0:54.300[84] 1976 Monza Group 5 round
0:56.500[85] 1971 Monza Sports Prototype round
56.700[86] 1973 Coppa Agip Monza
1:02.000[87] 1973 Coppa Agip Monza
Grand Prix Circuit (1996–1999): 5.770 km
1:24.808 1997 Italian Grand Prix
Andrea Montermini[88] 1:36.915[89] 1997 1000 km of Monza
1:40.849[90] 1999 Monza Italian F3000 round
1:44.354[91] 1996 BPR 4 Hours of Monza
1:45.393[92] 1999 Monza Italian F3 round
1:46.278[93] 1999 FIA GT Monza 500km
1:46.533[94] 1999 Monza World SBK round
1:51.946[95] 1999 Monza Italian Superturismo round
1:53.155[96] 1999 Monza World SSP round
1:54.460[97] 1998 Monza Porsche Supercup round
Grand Prix Circuit (1994–1995): 5.834 km
1:25.930 1994 Italian Grand Prix
1:46.203[98] 1995 BPR 4 Hours of Monza
1:46.910[99] 1994 Monza Italian F3 round
1:48.330[100] 1995 Monza World SBK round
1:56.133[101] 1994 Monza Italian Superturismo round
Grand Prix Circuit (1976–1993): 5.800 km
1:23.575 1993 Italian Grand Prix
1:29.128 1991 430 km of Monza
1:38.881[102]
1:41.884[103] 1992 500 km of Monza
1:42.350[104] 1977 500 km of Monza
1:42.790 1980 Monza Grand Prix
1:46.408[105] 1991 Monza Italian F3 round
1:49.000 1987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
1:50.297[106] 1992 1st Monza Italian Superturismo round
1:53.220[107] 1993 Monza Italian GT round
1:53.560[108] 1979 Monza BMW M1 Procar round
1:54.650[109] 1990 Monza World SBK round
1:55.750 1987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
1:58.080[110] 1993 FIA Touring Car Challenge
1:58.870 1993 Monza Italian GT round
1:58.960[111] 1990 Monza French Formula Renault round
2:01.800[112] 1981 1000 km of Monza
2:03.150 1987 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
2:27.760 1983 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Grand Prix Circuit (1974–1976): 5.780 km
1:29.600[113] 1976 Monza 4 Hours
1:31.300[114] 1974 1000km of Monza
1:33.100 1975 Italian Grand Prix
1:37.400[115] 1974 Monza F5000 round
1:41.300[116] 1975 4 Hours of Monza
1:49.200[117] 1975 Monza European F3 round
1:51.650[118] 1976 4 Hours of Monza
Grand Prix Circuit (1972–1973): 5.775 km
1:21.900[119] 1973 1000km of Monza
1:35.300 1973 Italian Grand Prix
1:38.300[120] 1973 4 Hours of Monza
1:40.000[121]
1:41.000[122] 1973 Monza F2 round
Grand Prix Circuit (1955–1959, 1962–1971): 5.750 km
1:23.800 1971 Italian Grand Prix
1:24.000[123] 1971 1000km of Monza
1:27.300[124] 1971 Monza F5000 round
1:41:200 1971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
1:44:100 1970 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
1:45.700 1967 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
1:54.600 1971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
2:10.000 1971 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Oval Circuit (1955–1971): 4.250 km
0:54.000[125] 1958 Race of Two Worlds
Combined Circuit (1955–1971): 10.000 km
2:43.600
Grand Prix Circuit (1948–1954): 6.300 km
1:56.200 1951 Italian Grand Prix
2:04.600
2:14.800 1954 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
2:20.600 1953 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
2:37.000 1953 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Florio Circuit (1938–1949): 6.993 km
2:34.200[126] 1938 Italian Grand Prix
Florio Circuit with temporary chicanes (1935–1937): 6.95 km
2:49.800[127] 1935 Italian Grand Prix
Grand Prix Circuit (1934): 4.330 km
2:13.600[128] 1934 Italian Grand Prix
Original Grand Prix Circuit (1922–1933): 10.000 km
3:13.200[129]

Deaths from crashes

See main article: List of Autodromo Nazionale Monza fatalities.

Events

Current
Former
Special

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Autodromo Nazionale Monza – Company profile. Autodromo Nazionale Monza. MonzaNet.it. 2007. 17 September 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090725113913/http://www.monzanet.it/eng/company_profile.aspx. 25 July 2009.
  2. Web site: Formula 1 Heineken Gran Premio d'Italia 2021 – Media Kit . . 10 September 2021 . 10 September 2021.
  3. Web site: Autodromo Nazionale Monza – Areas & Structures. Autodromo Nazionale Monza. MonzaNet.it. 2007. 17 September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20080618011356/http://www.monzanet.it/eng/spazi_strutture.aspx. 18 June 2008.
  4. Web site: History. Autodromo Nazionale Monza. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161011131936/https://www.monzanet.it/en/autodromo/history/. 11 October 2016.
  5. Web site: The hidden history of the Monza banking. Formula One Administration Ltd. Formula1.com. 30 August 2005. 17 September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091002073754/http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2005/8/3500.html. 2 October 2009 . live.
  6. Web site: 1922–1928: Construction and first races on the original tracks. Autodromo Nazionale Monza. MonzaNet.it. 2007. 17 September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20080611175248/http://www.monzanet.it/eng/storia_1922_28.aspx. 11 June 2008.
  7. Web site: Formula 1 Gran Premio Santander D'Italia 2009 (Monza) – interactive circuit map. Formula One Administration Ltd. Formula1.com. 1999–2009. 17 September 2009.
  8. Web site: 2018-08-27. Monza Oval - History of the abandoned banking. 2020-11-17. Circuits of the past. en-US.
  9. Web site: 2021-09-20 . La curva parabolica di Monza intitolata a Michele Alboreto Monzanet . 2022-04-21 . Autodromo Nazionale Monza . it-IT.
  10. Web site: FollowYourPassion. FollowYourPassion.
  11. News: Kipchoge a 'happy man' in Monza. IAAF. Jon Mulkeen. 6 May 2017. 12 May 2017.
  12. Web site: Autodromo Nazionale Monza – History. The Formula One DataBase. F1db.com. 6 April 2005. 17 September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091002042349/http://www.f1db.com/f1/page/Autodromo_Nazionale_di_Monza. 2 October 2009. dead.
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