Accession of Montenegro to the European Union explained

Nation:	Montenegro
Map:	European Union Montenegro Locator (with internal borders).svg
Status:	Candidate negotiating (screening complete)
Earliest Possible Entry:	2028
European Perspective:	December 2002
Potential Candidate:	December 2002
Applied:	15 December 2008
Candidacy Date:	17 December 2010
Screening:	29 June 2012
Screened:	27 June 2013
Clusters Open:	6
Chapters Open:	33
Clusters Closed:	0
Chapters Closed:	3
Aa:	1 May 2010
Fta:	part of the SAA
Euro:	Euro has de facto been used since 1 January 2002 See main article: Montenegro and the euro.
Schengen Visa:	19 December 2009
Eurocontrol:	2007
Ec:	15 December 2006
Euratom:	There are no nuclear power plants or research reactors in Montenegro.
Entso-E:	Crnogorski Elektroprenosni Sistem is a member
Nato:	5 June 2017
Osce:	10 September 2000 (as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)
Wto:	Member since 29 April 2012
Coe:	Member since 11 May 2007
Icc:	Member since 3 June 2006
Icj:	Entitled to appear since 28 June 2006; there are no cases
New Eu Population:	447,461,961 0.14%
New Eu Area:	4,237,074 km^2 1,639,805 mi^2 0.3%
New Eu Hdi:	0.893 0.1%
New Eu Gdp Ppp:	$25.416 trillion 0.07%
New Eu Gdp Ppp Per Capita:	$56,605 0.5%
New Eu Gdp:	$17.825 trillion 0.03%
New Eu Gdp Per Capita:	$39,699 0.6%
New Eu Gini:	30.1 0.1%
New Languages:	25 Montenegrin +1

Accession of Montenegro to the European Union is on the agenda for future enlargement of the EU.

Shortly after voting for independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in a referendum in 2006, Montenegro began the process of accession to the European Union by agreeing to a Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU, which officially came into force on 1 May 2010.

Montenegro officially applied to join the EU on 15 December 2008, and membership negotiations began on 29 June 2012. With all the negotiating chapters opened, the country enjoys widespread support among EU members' officials, and the accession of the country to the EU was considered possible by 2025 as of March 2021.^[1]

It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Among the six candidates with open negotiations (Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia, Moldova and Ukraine), the most advanced stage of the negotiations - defined as meeting the interim benchmarks for negotiation chapter 23 and 24 which allow the closing process of all negotiation chapters to start - has so far only been reached by Montenegro.^[2] As of June 2024, thirty out of 33 chapters remain to be closed.

Montenegro's goal - shared by chief negotiator Predrag Zenović and the President of Montenegro - is to achieve membership of the EU by 2028.^{[3] [4]}

History

Since Montenegro's potential candidate status was granted

See main article: Montenegro–European Union relations.

Identification

Montenegro was granted potential candidate status in December 2002, when it was still in a union with Serbia. The EU recognized the new and independent country's European Perspective on 21 June 2003 at the Thessaloniki Summit. The adoption of the Thessaloniki Declaration of 2003 was a promise by the EU that the former Yugoslav republics along with Albania have "unequivocal support for future integration and full membership of these states in the Union".^[5]

Recommendation

The European Commission recommended Montenegro as a candidate country on 9 November 2010.Montenegro officially was granted candidate status on 17 December 2010.^[6]

Membership application

Montenegro officially applied to join the EU on 15 December 2008.

Questionnaire

On 23 April 2009, the Council invited the European Commission to submit its opinion on the application. The Commission presented Montenegro with a questionnaire to assess its application on 22 July 2009.^[7] On 9 December 2009, Montenegro delivered its answers to the EC questionnaire.^[8] In 2010, the Commission issued a favourable opinion on Montenegro's application, identifying seven key priorities that would need to be addressed for negotiations to begin.

Treaties

Stabilisation and Association Agreement

The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro started the process of Accession to the European Union in November 2005, when negotiations over a Stabilisation and Association Agreement began. The EU concluded such agreements with states that wish to become members. In exchange for commitments to political, economic, trade, or human rights reform in the country, tariff-free access to some or all EU markets (industrial goods, agricultural products, etc.), and financial or technical assistance may be offered by the EU.

In May 2006, Montenegro voted for independence in a referendum, and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro was dissolved. Serbia continued with the existing SAA negotiations, and separate negotiations were launched with Montenegro in September 2006.^{[9] [10] [11]}

The Agreement was initiated on 15 March 2007 and signed on 15 October 2007. After all the 27 member-states of EU had ratified the SAA, it came into force on 1 May 2010.^{[12] [13]}

Status of SAA ratification

EU programs and organisations

• Eastern Partnership: 22 January 2007
• Energy Community: joined 15 December 2006
• European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity:
• Southeast Europe Transport Community: since establishment in 2017

Public opinion

Montenegro's population is overwhelmingly pro-EU, with 76.2% being in favor according to polling and only 9.8% against, in October 2009.^[14]

As of May 2023, the support of the citizens of Montenegro for the country's membership in the European Union reached a record high of 79.3%, according to a survey commissioned by the EU Delegation to Montenegro. The survey reported 75.9% of citizens believe that Montenegro will become a member of the EU. Over 90% of citizens would vote in the referendum, and 81.1% of those voting would support Montenegro's membership in the EU.^[15]

Negotiations and conditions

Montenegro signed an agreement with the Bulgarian government in December 2007 in which Bulgaria would assist Montenegro with its Euro-Atlantic and EU integration for the following three years.^[16] Reports at that time indicated Montenegro had ecological, judicial, and crime-related problems that may hinder its accession bid.^[17]

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro has a special agency dedicated to accession to the EU, the Office for Assistance to the Chief Negotiator. The office's goal is to support the task of the Chief Negotiator for Montenegro's Accession to the EU, Zorka Kordić. On 27 July 2010, the Parliament passed a non-discrimination law that includes sexual orientation and gender identity as prohibited grounds of discrimination. This was one of the requirements the country had to meet for EU membership.^[18]

In December 2011, the Council agreed to launch the accession process, with negotiations beginning on 29 June 2012.

The 2015 European Commission Progress Report on Montenegro noted that the country had made good progress toward meeting the benchmarks to join the EU, but the nation needed to address institutional frameworks, including competition policy, fighting against corruption and organized crime, and work in the areas of the environment and climate change.^{[19] [20]} A 2015 study of the readiness to join the EU by using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey collected from enterprise owners and management indicated that Montenegro passed three out of six business dimensions: basic infrastructure, goods delivery, and secure legal secure environment, but was lower than four other candidate nations in resources, technology support, and regulations.^[20]

In its 2016 assessment of the accession progress, the European Parliament identified Montenegro as having the highest level of preparation for membership among the negotiating candidate nations.^[21]

From 2014 through 2020, Montenegro received €279.1 million of developmental aid (not including the allocation for Cross-border Cooperation) from the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance, a funding mechanism for EU candidate countries.^[22] The priority areas for these funds include: democracy and governance, rule of law and fundamental rights, environment and climate action, transport, competitiveness and innovation, education, employment and social policies, agriculture and rural development, regional and territorial cooperation.^[22]

With all the negotiating chapters opened as of 2021, Montenegro had widespread support among EU members' officials with possible accession to the EU considered by 2025.^[1]

There are thirty open chapters, three have been provisionally closed, and two are in which there is nothing to adopt.

Clusters of negotiating chapters^[23]

Clusters	Acquis Chapter
Overview	Overview	33 out of 33	6 out of 6	0 out of 6
Fundamentals	23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights	Opened	Opened	–
	24. Justice, Freedom & Security	Opened
	Economic criteria	–
	Functioning of democratic institutions	–
	Public administration reform	–
	5. Public Procurement	Opened
	18. Statistics	Opened
	32. Financial Control	Opened
Internal Market	1. Free Movement of Goods	Opened	Opened	–
	2. Freedom of Movement For Workers	Opened
	3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services	Opened
	4. Free Movement of Capital	Opened
	6. Company Law	Opened
	7. Intellectual Property Law	Opened
	8. Competition Policy	Opened
	9. Financial Services	Opened
	28. Consumer & Health Protection	Opened
Competitiveness and inclusive growth	10. Information Society & Media	Opened	Opened	–
	16. Taxation	Opened
	17. Economic & Monetary Policy	Opened
	19. Social Policy & Employment	Opened
	20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy	Opened
	25. Science & Research	Closed
	26. Education & Culture	Closed
	29. Customs Union	Opened
Green agendaand sustainable connectivity	14. Transport Policy	Opened	Opened	–
	15. Energy	Opened
	21. Trans-European Networks	Opened
	27. Environment	Opened
Resources, agriculture and cohesion	11. Agriculture & Rural Development	Opened	Opened	–
	12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy	Opened
	13. Fisheries	Opened
	22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments	Opened
	33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions	Opened
External relations	30. External Relations	Closed	Opened	–
	31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy	Opened
	34. Institutions	–	–	–
	35. Other Issues	–	–	–

Screening and Chapter Dates

Progression	33 / 33	33 / 33	33 / 33	3 / 33
Acquis chapter^[24]	Screening Started	Screening Completed	Chapter Opened	Chapter Closed
33 out of 33	33 out of 33	33 out of 33^[25]	3 out of 33
1. Free Movement of Goods	2013-01-14	2013-03-06	2017-06-20	–
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers	2013-05-13	2013-06-07	2017-12-11^[26]	–
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services	2012-10-23	2012-11-30	2017-12-11	–
4. Free Movement of Capital	2013-01-18	2013-02-21	2014-06-24^[27]	–
5. Public Procurement	2012-09-27	2012-11-19	2013-12-18	–
6. Company Law	2012-10-02	2012-11-22	2013-12-18	–
7. Intellectual Property Law	2012-10-11	2012-11-21	2014-03-31	–
8. Competition Policy	2012-10-03	2012-12-04	2020-06-30	–
9. Financial Services	2013-04-17	2013-06-11	2015-06-22^[28]	–
10. Information Society & Media	2012-12-06	2013-01-22	2014-03-31	–
11. Agriculture & Rural Development	2012-11-06	2012-12-13	2016-12-13	–
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy	2012-10-15	2013-02-01	2016-06-30	–
13. Fisheries	2013-03-14	2013-06-06	2016-06-30	–
14. Transport Policy	2013-04-22	2013-05-30	2015-12-21	–
15. Energy	2013-02-27	2013-04-11	2015-12-21	–
16. Taxation	2013-04-08	2013-04-30	2015-03-30	–
17. Economic & Monetary Policy	2013-01-10	2013-02-26	2018-06-25	–
18. Statistics	2013-06-03	2013-06-25	2014-12-16^[29]	–
19. Social Policy & Employment	2013-01-23	2013-03-13	2016-12-13	–
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy	2012-10-25	2012-11-28	2013-12-18	–
21. Trans-European Networks	2013-04-22	2013-05-30	2015-06-22	–
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments	2012-11-14	2012-12-18	2017-06-20	–
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights	2012-03-26^[30]	2012-05-31	2013-12-18	–
24. Justice, Freedom & Security	2012-03-28	2012-05-25	2013-12-18	–
25. Science & Research	2012-09-24	2012-09-25	2012-12-18	2012-12-18^[31]
26. Education & Culture	2012-09-26	2012-11-16	2013-04-15	2013-04-15^[32]
27. Environment & Climate Change	2013-02-04	2013-03-22	2018-12-10^[33]	–
28. Consumer & Health Protection	2013-02-19	2013-04-16	2014-12-16	–
29. Customs Union	2013-05-23	2013-06-21	2014-12-16	–
30. External Relations	2013-05-14	2013-06-12	2015-03-30	2017-06-20
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy	2013-05-17	2013-06-27	2014-06-24	–
32. Financial Control	2013-05-16	2013-06-19	2014-06-24	–
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions	2013-05-15	2013-06-26	2014-12-16	–
34. Institutions	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
35. Other Issues	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Report History

Acquis chapter	October 2011^[34]	October 2012^[35]	October 2013^[36]	October 2014^[37]	November 2015^[38]	November 2016^[39]	April 2018^[40]	May 2019^[41]	October 2020^[42]	October 2021^[43]	October 2022^[44]	November 2023^[45]
1. Free Movement of Goods	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Considerable efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
4. Free Movement of Capital	Some level of preparation	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
5. Public Procurement	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
6. Company Law	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
7. Intellectual Property Law	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
8. Competition Policy	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
9. Financial Services	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
10. Information Society & Media	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
11. Agriculture & Rural Development	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Some level of preparation	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Some level of preparation	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
13. Fisheries	Further efforts needed	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation
14. Transport Policy	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
15. Energy	Moderately prepared	Early stage	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
16. Taxation	Further efforts needed	Early stage	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
17. Economic & Monetary Policy	Considerable efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
18. Statistics	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
19. Social Policy & Employment	Early stage	Considerable efforts needed	Further efforts needed	Early stage	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy	Considerable efforts needed	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
21. Trans-European Networks	Further efforts needed	Early stage	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments	Early stage	Considerable efforts needed	Early stage	Early stage	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Further efforts needed	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
24. Justice, Freedom & Security	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Further efforts needed	Early stage	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
25. Science & Research	Moderately prepared	Further efforts needed	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
26. Education & Culture	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
27. Environment & Climate Change	Considerable efforts needed	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation
28. Consumer & Health Protection	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	No major difficulties expected	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
29. Customs Union	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
30. External Relations	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	No major difficulties expected	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy	Further efforts needed	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	No major difficulties expected	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation	Good level of preparation
32. Financial Control	Some level of preparation	Early stage	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared	Moderately prepared
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Early stage	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation	Some level of preparation
34. Institutions	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt
35. Other Issues	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt	Nothing to adopt
Legend: Chapters in bold indicate completed chapters. indicates chapters in which the European Commission has simultaneously awarded the chapter both "moderately prepared" AND "good level of preparation".

Economy

Developmental Aid

Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

IPA I
€236 M
(2007-2013)

IPA II
€271 M
(2014-2020)

IPA III
c. €300 M
(2021-2027)

Unilateral euro adoption

See main article: Montenegro and the euro. Montenegro has no currency of its own. As a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia following World War II, and later of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Montenegro used the Yugoslav dinar as its official currency. In November 1999, the government of Montenegro unilaterally designated the Deutsche Mark as its co-official currency with the dinar, and on 1 January 2001 the dinar officially ceased to be a legal tender in Montenegro.^{[46] [47]} When the euro was introduced and the Deutsche Mark yielded in 2002, Montenegro followed suit and began using the euro as well, with no objection from the European Central Bank (ECB).^{[48] [49]}

The European Commission and the ECB have since voiced their discontent over Montenegro's unilateral use of the euro on several occasions. A statement attached to their Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU read: "unilateral introduction of the euro was not compatible with the Treaty."^[50] The EU insists on the strict adherence to convergence criteria (such as spending at least 2 years in the ERMII system) which are not negotiable before euro adoption, but have not intervened to stop the unilateral adoption of the euro by Montenegro in 2002.^{[51] [52]} The issue is expected to be resolved through the negotiations process.^[51] The ECB has stated that the implications of unilateral euro adoption "would be spelled out at the latest in the event of possible negotiations on EU accession."^[50]

Diplomats have suggested that it is unlikely Montenegro will be forced to withdraw the euro from circulation in their country.^{[48] [50]} Radoje Žugić, Montenegro's Minister of Finance, has stated that "it would be extremely economically irrational to return to our currency and then later to again go back to the euro."^[53] Instead, he hopes that Montenegro will be permitted to keep the euro and has promised "the government of Montenegro, will adopt some certain elements, which should fulfil the conditions for further use of the euro; such as adopting fiscal rules."^[53]

Travel

Schengen Visa liberalisation process

On 1 January 2008, the visa facilitation and readmission agreements between Montenegro and the EU entered into force.^[54] Montenegro was added to the list of visa exempt nationals on 19 December 2009, allowing their citizens to enter the Schengen Area and Cyprus without a visa when traveling with biometric passports.^[55] The visa liberalisation process does not include travels to Ireland which, with the United Kingdom which left the EU during Montenegro's accession process, operate the Common Travel Area for visas outside of the Schengen Area.^[56]

From May 2025 citizens of Montenegro will be required to register on the EU's ETIAS before entering the Schengen area.^[57]

Montenegro's foreign relations with EU member states

valign=top

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark

valign=top

Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland

valign=top

Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland

valign=top

Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden

See also

• • • Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union Accession of Kosovo to the European Union Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union
• Accession of Serbia to the European Union
• Montenegro–NATO relations
• Yugoslavia–European Communities relations

Notes and References

1. Web site: 26 March 2021 . Samir . Kajosevic . Montenegro Targets 2025 to be Ready for EU Accession. Balkan Insight . 22 May 2024.
2. Web site: Sixteenth meeting of the Accession Conference with Montenegro at Ministerial level (press release by the Council of the EU). Consilium. Council of the European Union. 26 June 2024. 1 August 2024.
3. Web site: The EU-Montenegro Joint Consultative Committee: Montenegro is advancing in the EU accession path . 16 April 2024 . European Economic and Social Committee . 22 May 2024.
4. Web site: President Radev: Bulgaria Supports Montenegro's European Integration. BTA. Tatiana Marinova. Simona-Alex Mihaleva. 17 June 2024. 1 August 2024.
5. Web site: Twenty years since the Thessaloniki promise of the European perspective of the Western Balkans . 21 June 2023 . europeanwesternbalkans.com . 22 May 2024.
6. Web site: Commission Opinion on Montenegro's application for membership of the European Union . 9 November 2010 . European Commission . 22 May 2024.
7. Web site: EC questionnaire to Montenegro . 5 September 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090730195408/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/news/press_release_about_questionnaire_en.pdf . 30 July 2009.
8. Web site: SETimes . 10 December 2009 . Montenegro delivers answers to EC questionnaire . https://web.archive.org/web/20100816042705/http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/newsbriefs/setimes/newsbriefs/2009/12/10/nb-06 . 16 August 2010 . 22 May 2024.
9. Web site: Montenegro Key Events . 2007 . European Commission - Enlargement . https://web.archive.org/web/20070522172803/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/montenegro/key_events_en.htm . 22 May 2007 . 22 May 2024.
10. Web site: Germany prepares to take over EU presidency . Southeast European Times . 28 December 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071014030223/http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2006/12/28/feature-01 . 14 October 2007 . 22 May 2024.
11. Web site: Montenegro . European Commission . https://web.archive.org/web/20120828040601/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/countries/detailed-country-information/montenegro/index_en.htm . 28 August 2012 . 22 May 2024.
12. Web site: SAA comes into force for Montenegro . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100503181937/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/region-article.php?yyyy=2010&mm=05&dd=01&nav_id=66853 . 3 May 2010.
13. Web site: Montenegro: Stabilisation and Association Agreement comes into force . 2 May 2010 . 23 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120223234103/http://www.focus-fen.net/index.php?id=n218346. dead.
14. Web site: Političko javno mnjenje Crne Gore . October 2009 . Centar Za Demokratiju i Ljudska Prava . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722171733/http://www.cedem.me/fajlovi/editor_fajlovi/istrazivanja/CEDEM_oktobar09.pdf . 22 July 2011 . 22 May 2024.
15. Web site: Record high public support for Montenegro's EU membership . Delegation of the European Union to Montenegro . 15 June 2023 . 22 May 2024.
16. Web site: Новини от България и света, актуална информация 24 часа в денонощието . News.bg . 5 September 2017.
17. Web site: Ren: Kriminal prepreka Crnoj Gori . 28 November 2008 . 22 May 2024.
18. [International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association|ILGA Europe]
19. Web site: Key findings of the 2015 report on Montenegro . 10 November 2015 . European Commission . 22 May 2024.
20. Bahhouth . Victor . Ziemnowicz . Christopher . Meeting the global challenges of doing business in the five candidate countries on the road to join the European Union . Journal of the Knowledge Economy . 10 . 2019 . 1297-1318 . 10.1007/s13132-018-0531-3.
21. Web site: Report on the 2016 Commission Report on Montenegro . 2 March 2017 . Committee on Foreign Affairs European Parliament . 22 May 2024.
22. Web site: Montenegro - financial assistance under IPA . European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR) European Commission . 22 May 2024.
23. Web site: Application of the revised enlargement methodology to the accession negotiations with Montenegro and Serbia . 6 May 2021 . 9 July 2021 . General Secretariat of the Council . Brussels.
24. Web site: 2023-11-28 . Montenegro - European Commission . 2024-01-12 . neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu . en.
25. Web site: EU Accession Negotiations. 21 December 2015. 6 March 2015. As of 21 December 2015, twenty-two negotiating Chapters, including the rule of law Chapters, 23 – Judiciary and fundamental rights and 24 – Justice, freedom and security, have been opened, out which two Chapters (25 – Science and research and 26 – Education and culture) have been provisionally closed..
26. News: EU advances membership talks for Montenegro, Serbia . euractiv.com . AFP. 12 Dec 2017.
27. Web site: EU otvorila još tri poglavlja u pregovorima s Crnom Gorom . 26 November 2015 . 5 September 2017.
28. Sixth meeting of the Accession Conference with Montenegro at Ministerial level - 2 new chapters opened. 22 June 2015 . Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union.
29. Web site: Potpredsjednik Vlade Igor Lukšić na Međuvladinoj konferenciji o pristupanju Crne Gore EU . cnr . Deputy Prime Minister Igor Luksic at the Intergovernmental Conference on Montenegro's Accession to the EU . Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European integration . 15 December 2014 . 16 December 2014 . https://archive.today/20141217140643/http://www.mvpei.gov.me/vijesti/144754/Potpredsjednik-Vlade-Igor-Luksic-na-Meduvladinoj-konferenciji-o-pristupanju-Crne-Gore-EU.html . 17 December 2014 . dead.
30. Web site: EU 'Screening' of Montenegro Starts in Brussels . 28 March 2012 . 17 April 2012.
31. Web site: Montenegro - Membership status . 27 June 2013 . 23 January 2014.
32. Web site: EU-Montenegro promote accession talks . 16 April 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130520033043/http://www.neurope.eu/article/eu-montenegro-promote-accession-talks . 20 May 2013 . dead.
33. Web site: MNE Chapter 27 .
34. Web site: Montenegro 2011 Report. European Commission . 9 June 2019 . 12 October 2011.
35. Web site: Montenegro 2012 Report . European Commission . 9 June 2019 . 10 October 2012.
36. Web site: Montengero 2013 Report . European Commission . 9 June 2019 . 16 October 2013.
37. Web site: Montenegro 2014 Report . European Commission . 30 August 2019 . 8 October 2014.
38. Web site: Montenegro 2015 Report . European Commission . 30 August 2019 . 10 November 2015.
39. Web site: Montenegro 2016 Report . European Commission . 30 August 2019 . 9 September 2019.
40. Web site: Montenegro 2018 Report . European Commission . 30 August 2019 . 17 April 2018.
41. Montenegro 2019 Report . European Commission . 29 May 2019 . 29 May 2019.
42. Montenegro 2020 Report . European Commission . 6 October 2020 . 6 October 2020.
43. Montenegro 2021 Report . European Commission . 19 October 2021 . 19 October 2021.
44. Web site: Montenegro Report 2022 . 12 October 2022 . European Commission . 22 May 2024.
45. Web site: Montenegro Report 2023 . 8 November 2023 . European Commission . 22 May 2024.
46. Web site: Exchange rates in Western Balkan countries . 2004 . Eurostat . Amerini . Amerini . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061019072508/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NJ-04-044/EN/KS-NJ-04-044-EN.PDF . 19 October 2006.
47. Book: Republic of Montenegro: Selected Issues. 34 . International Monetary Fund . February 2008 . 9781451826715.
48. Web site: EU to question Montenegro's use of euro . 8 October 2007 . 19 February 2013.
49. Web site: Montenegro's euro challenge . BBC . 3 January 2002 . 17 November 2007.
50. Web site: Montenegro heading for EU membership . 24 October 2007 . 19 February 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130511052725/http://www.wieninternational.at/en/node/5446 . 11 May 2013.
51. News: EU warns Montenegro over Euro . b92.net . 10 October 2007 . 9 September 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121105135956/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/region-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=10&dd=10&nav_id=44442 . 5 November 2012 .
52. Web site: EU prijeti Crnoj Gori ukidanjem eura: Niste sposobni za našu valutu . hr . EU threatens revoking the euro from Montenegro: You're not capable enough for our currency . Index.hr . 1 June 2011 . 9 September 2011.
53. Web site: Montenegro's peculiar path to EU membership . 7 February 2013 . 19 February 2013.
54. Web site: Montenegro - EU-Montenegro relations . 24 July 2012 . European Commission . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111225070306/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/candidate-countries/montenegro/relation/index_en.htm . 25 December 2011.
55. Web site: EU lifts visa restrictions for Serbia . 30 November 2009 . 30 November 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091203073930/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2009&mm=11&dd=30&nav_id=63395 . 3 December 2009 .
56. Web site: The British-Irish Visa Scheme . 7 September 2023.
57. Web site: Schengen Visa Fees from Montenegro . 3 August 2023.