| Mons Mouton | |
| Listing: | Lunar mountains |
| Translation: | Mouton Mountain |
| Language: | Latin |
| Location: | the Moon |
| Etymology: | Named for Melba Roy Mouton |
Mons Mouton is the Moon's tallest mountain that has been officially named.[1] The base to peak height of this flat-topped mountain is 6 km per altimetry data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter[2] It lies between the craters Nobile and Malapert, within 6° of the lunar South Pole on the Moon's near-side. This is a region of special interest because of the presence of Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) that could be cold traps for water, together with areas of extended solar illumination in their proximity. As a result, Mons Mouton was scheduled to become the landing site of the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) prior to its cancelling.[3]
Mons Mouton is possibly a remnant of the rim of the South Pole–Aitken basin - one of the oldest, largest and deepest impact craters in the Solar System. There are taller mountains than Mons Mouton on the Moon's far-side which are also likely part of this basin's rings, but they are as yet unnamed.
Mons Mouton was previously sometimes referred to as Leibnitz Beta, but was named on May 13, 2022, after the American mathematician Melba Roy Mouton.[4]