Mongolian (Unicode block) explained

Blockname:	Mongolian
Rangestart:	1800
Rangeend:	18AF
Alphabets:	Mongolian Manchu
3 0:	155
5 1:	1
11 0:	1
14 0:	1
Note:	^[1] ^[2]

Mongolian is a Unicode block containing characters for dialects of Mongolian, Manchu, and Sibe languages. It is traditionally written in vertical lines, although the Unicode code charts cite the characters rotated to horizontal orientation as this is the orientation of glyphs in a font that supports layout in vertical orientation.

The block has dozens of variation sequences defined for standardized variants.^[3]

Block

Presentation forms

Vowels! Letter !! Subset !! Unicode !! Isolate !! Initial !! Medial !! Final A Basic 1820 1820 180B 1820 180C E Basic 1821 1821 180B 1844 1844 180B 185D 185D 180B EE Basic 1827 I Basic 1822 1822 180B Todo 1845 1845 180B Sibe 185E 185E 180B 185E 180C 1873 1873 180B 1873 180C 1873 180D IY Sibe 185F O Basic 1823 1823 180B Todo 1846 1846 180B OE Basic 1825 1825 180B 1825 180C Todo 1848 1848 180B U Basic 1824 1824 180B Todo 1847 1847 180B 1847 180C Sibe 1861 UE Basic 1826 1826 180B 1826 180C Todo 1849 1849 180B Sibe 1860 1860 180B Long vowel sign Todo 1843

Consonants! Letter !! Subset !! Unicode !! Isolate !! Initial !! Medial !! Final NA Basic 1828 1828 180B 1828 180C 1828 180D ANG Basic 1829 Todo 184A 180B Sibe 1862 180B BA Basic 182A 182A 180B Todo 184B PA Basic 182B Todo 184C Sibe 1866 QA Basic 182C 182C 180B 182C 180C 182C 180D Todo 184D 184D 180B GA Basic 182D 182D 180B 182D 180C 182D 180D Todo 184E 184E 180B Sibe 1864 MA Basic 182E Todo 184F LA Basic 182F SA Basic 1830 1830 180B 1830 180C SHA Basic 1831 1878 Sibe 1867 TA Basic 1832 1832 180B Todo 1850 Sibe 1868 1868 180B 1868 180C DA Basic 1833 1833 180B Todo 1851 Sibe 1869 1869 180B CHA Basic 1834 Todo 1852 Sibe 1871 JA Basic 1835 1835 180B Todo 1853 Sibe 186A YA Basic 1836 1836 180B 1836 180C Todo 1855 RA Basic 1837 Manchu 1875 RAA Sibe 1870 WA Basic 1838 1838 180B Todo 1856 FA Basic 1839 Sibe 186B Manchu 1876 1876 180B KA Basic 183A Todo 1857 Sibe 1863 1863 180B Manchu 1874 1874 180B 1874 180C 1874 180D KHA Basic 183B GAA Todo 1858 Sibe 186C TSA Basic 183C Todo 1854 Sibe 186E ZA Basic 183D Sibe 186F 186F 180B HAA Basic 183E Todo 1859 Sibe 186D HA Sibe 1865 ZRA Basic 183F ZHA Sibe 1872 Manchu 1877 LHA Basic 1840 ZHI Basic 1841 CHI Basic 1842 JIA Todo 185A NIA Todo 185B DZA Todo 185C

Notes

[a] U+1878 used historically for Buryat.^[4]

Extensions for Sanskrit and Tibetan

Vowels! Letter Ali Gali !! Subset !! Unicode !! Isolate !! Initial !! Medial !! Final A Basic 1887 1887 180B 1887 180C 1887 180D I Basic 1888 1888 180B AH Basic 1897 Half U Basic 18A6 Half YA Basic 18A7 Signs and marks! Letter Ali Gali !! Subset !! Unicode !! Isolate !! Initial !! Medial !! Final Anusvara One Basic 1880 1880 180B Visarga One Basic 1881 1881 180B Damaru Basic 1882 Ubadama Basic 1883 Inverted Ubadama Basic 1884 Baluda Basic 1885 Three Baluda Basic 1886

Consonants! Letter Ali Gali !! Subset !! Unicode !! Isolate !! Initial !! Medial !! Final KA Basic 1889 NGA Basic 188A 188A 180B Manchu 189B CA Basic 188B Manchu 189C TTA Basic 188C Manchu 189E TTHA Basic 188D DDA Basic 188E NNA Basic 188F TA Basic 1890 Todo 1898 Manchu 18A0 DA Basic 1891 PA Basic 1892 PHA Basic 1893 SSA Basic 1894 Manchu 18A2 ZHA Basic 1895 Todo 1899 Manchu 18A4 ZA Basic 1896 Manchu 18A5 GHA Manchu 189A JHA Manchu 189D DDHA Manchu 189F DHA Manchu 18A1 CYA Manchu 18A3 BHA Manchu 18A8 LHA Manchu 18AA

Variations and vowel separation

The Mongolian Unicode block contains its own variation selectors (listed as format controls) for use with the traditional Mongolian alphabet:^[5]

• U+180B Mongolian free variation selector one (FVS1)
• U+180C Mongolian free variation selector two (FVS2)
• U+180D Mongolian free variation selector three (FVS3)
• U+180F Mongolian free variation selector four (FVS4)

Additional variations may be also available for traditional Mongolian script characters according to the context of the character, or by using a zero-width joiner (ZWJ, U+200D) and/or a zero width non-joiner (ZWNJ, U+200C) to select the specific form. The block also contains a format control named "Mongolian vowel separator" (MVS, U+180E).

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mongolian block:

		Count	UTC ID	L2 ID	WG2 ID	Document
3.0	U+1800..180E, 1810..1819, 1820..1877, 1880..18A9	155			N667
					N836
					N1011
					doc)
					N1098
					N1368
					N1383
					N1353
					N1437
					N1438
					N1453
					N1497
					N1515
					doc)
					N1607
					N1622
					N1603
					N1711
					N1734
				txt)	doc)
					N1703
				html, txt)	doc)
				html)
					N1862
					N1865
					N1878
					N1918
					html, doc)
					N1973
					html, doc)
					N2020
					N2003
					N2068
					N2125
					N2126
					N2103
					N4435
		doc)
		N4752R2
		N4753
		N4763
		doc)
		N4769
5.1	U+18AA	1			N3041
					N3092
					doc)
11.0	U+1878	1			N4781
14.0	U+180F	1

External links

• Unicode Technical Report #54: Unicode® Mongolian 12.1 Snapshot, containing documentation for presentation forms

Notes and References

1. Web site: Unicode character database. The Unicode Standard. 2023-07-26.
2. Web site: Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Standard. 2023-07-26.
3. Web site: Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences . The Unicode Consortium.
4. Web site: L2/17-007: Proposal to encode one historical Mongolian letter for Buryat Mongolian. 2017-01-13. Andrew. West. Amgalan. Zhamsoev. Viacheslav. Zaytsev.
5. Web site: Free Variation Selectors. www.unicode.org.