Monarda clinopodia explained

Monarda clinopodia, commonly known as white bergamot, basil bee balm or white bee balm, is a perennial wildflower in the mint family, Lamiaceae. This species is native to North America, ranging north from New York, west to Missouri, and south to Georgia and Alabama.[1] M. clinopodia has also been introduced into Vermont and Massachusetts.

Description

Monarda clinopodia is a perennial herb, growing in height. Leaves are simple and opposite. Leaf margins have teeth. Leafy bracts white or white-tinged. Corolla is white or pink, dark-spotted, 1.5 – 3 cm long.[2] Flowers are bilateral with four petals, sepals, or tepals in each flower fusing into a cup or tube.[3]

It grows in moist woods, thickets, ravines, and stream-banks. Flowers late June to early September. The plant attracts bees, bumblebees, butterflies, and hummingbirds.[4]

Biology & Ecology

M. clinopodia typically grows in moist woods, thickets, ravines, and stream-banks and may also appear along roadsides.[5] [6]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Plants Profile for Monarda clinopodia (white bergamot). 2020-07-30. plants.usda.gov.
  2. Book: Fernald, M.L.. Gray's Manual of Botany. 1237.
  3. Web site: Monarda clinopodia (basil bee-balm): Go Botany. 2020-07-31. gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org.
  4. Web site: Monarda clinopodia (Basil Beebalm, Basil Bergamot, White Bergamot) North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. 2022-01-18. plants.ces.ncsu.edu.
  5. Book: Magee, Dennis W. . Flora of the Northeast : a manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York . 2007 . University of Massachusetts Press . Harry E. Ahles . 978-1-55849-577-7 . 2nd. Amherst . 192042365.
  6. Book: Gleason; Cronquist, Henry A.; Arthur . Manual of Vascular Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada . New York Botanical garden . 1991 . 0-89327-365-1 . 2nd . 455.