Bhaja Govindam Explained

Bhaja Govindam (Sanskrit: भज गोविन्दं, meaning Praise/Seek Govinda), also known as Moha Mudgara (Destroyer of illusion), is a popular Hindu devotional poem in Sanskrit composed by Adi Shankara. This work of Adi Shankara underscores the view that bhakti (devotion) is also important along with jñāna (knowledge), as emphasised by the Bhakti movement.[1]

Legend

There is a legend related to the composition of this hymn. It is said that Adi Shankara, accompanied by his disciples, was walking along a street in Varanasi one day, when he came across an old aged scholar reciting the rules of Sanskrit grammar of Panini repeatedly on the street. Taking pity on him, Adi Shankara went up to the scholar and advised him not to waste his time on grammar at his age, but to turn his mind to God in worship and adoration, which would only save him from this vicious cycle of life and death. The hymn Bhaja Govindam is said to have been composed on this occasion.[2]

Significance

This composition is a reminder that Adi Shankara, who is often regarded as reviver of Hinduism Jnana Marga (Jnana Yoga) or the "Path of Knowledge" to attain Mukti, also was a proponent of Bhakti Marga (Bhakti Yoga) to attain the same goal,[3] and as C. Rajagopalachari put in his commentary, "When intelligence (jnana) matures and lodges securely in the heart, it becomes wisdom (vignyana). When that wisdom (vignyana) is integrated with life and issues out in action, it becomes devotion (bhakti). Knowledge (jnana) which has become mature is spoken of as devotion (bhakti). If it does not get transformed into devotion (bhakti), such knowledge (jnana) is useless tinsel."[4]

In this prayer, Adi Shankara emphasizes the importance of devotion for God as a means to spiritual development and to liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The prayer leaves one in no doubt that the renunciation of our egotistical differences and surrender to God makes for salvation. Many scholars hold that this composition encapsulates with both brevity and simplicity the substance of all Vedantic thought found in whatever other works that Adi Shankara wrote:

"The refrain "Bhaja Govindam" which defines the composition and gives it its name invokes the almighty in the aspect of supreme god Shree Krishna; it is therefore very popular not only with Sri Adi Shankaracharya's immediate followers, the Smarthas, but also with Vaishnavas and others."

Meter / Chandas

The metre is moraic (मात्राछन्दस्). Apart from the first verse, all other verses have 16 matras, which tend to fit the description of the padakulakam variety of matrasamaka [मात्रासमक] in vrtta-ratnakara.

Text and meaning

verseDevanagariTransliterationEnglish Translation
1भज गोविन्दं भज गोविन्दंगोविन्दं भज मूढमते ।सम्प्राप्ते सन्निहिते कालेनहि नहि रक्षति डुकृञ्करणे bhaja gōvindaṃ bhaja gōvindaṃgōvindaṃ bhaja mūḍhamatē ।samprāptē sannihitē kālēnahi nahi rakṣati ḍukṛñkaraṇē ॥ Worship Govinda, worship Govinda, Worship Govinda, oh deluded mind!At the time of your death,Rules of grammar will not save you.
2mūḍha jahīhi dhanāgamatṛṣṇāṃkuru sadbuddhiṃ manasi vitṛṣṇām ।yallabhasē nijakarmōpāttaṃvittaṃ tēna vinōdaya chittam ॥
3nārīstanabhara-nābhīdēśaṃdṛṣṭvā mā gā mōhāvēśam ।ētanmāṃsavasādivikāraṃmanasi vichintaya vāraṃ vāram ॥
4nalinīdala-gatajalamatitaralaṃtadvajjīvitamatiśaya-chapalam ।viddhi vyādhyabhimānagrastaṃlōkaṃ śōkahataṃ cha samastam ॥
5yāvadvittōpārjanasaktaḥtāvannijaparivārō raktaḥ ।paśchājjīvati jarjaradēhēvārtāṃ kō'pi na pṛchChati gēhē ॥
6yāvatpavanō nivasati dēhētāvatpṛchChati kuśalaṃ gēhē ।gatavati vāyau dēhāpāyēbhāryā bibhyati tasminkāyē ॥
7bālastāvatkrīḍāsaktaḥtaruṇastāvattaruṇīsaktaḥ ।vṛddhastāvachchintāsaktaḥparamē brahmaṇi kō'pi na saktaḥ ॥
8kā tē kāntā kastē putraḥsaṃsārō'yamatīva vichitraḥ ।kasya tvaṃ kaḥ kuta āyātaḥtattvaṃ chintaya tadiha bhrātaḥ ॥
9satsaṅgatvē nissaṅgatvaṃnissaṅgatvē nirmōhatvam ।nirmōhatvē niśchalatattvaṃniśchalatattvē jīvanmuktiḥ ॥
10vayasi gatē kaḥ kāmavikāraḥśuṣkē nīrē kaḥ kāsāraḥ ।kṣīṇē vittē kaḥ parivāraḥjñātē tattvē kaḥ saṃsāraḥ ॥
11mā kuru dhana-jana-yauvana-garvaṃharati nimēṣātkālaḥ sarvam ।māyāmayamidamakhilaṃ hitvābrahmapadaṃ tvaṃ praviśa viditvā ॥
12dinayāminyau sāyaṃ prātaḥśiśiravasantau punarāyātaḥ ।kālaḥ krīḍati gachChatyāyuḥtadapi na muñchatyāśāvāyuḥ ॥
13kā tē kāntā dhanagatachintāvātula kiṃ tava nāsti niyantā ।trijagati sajjanasaṅgatirēkābhavati bhavārṇavataraṇē naukā ॥
14dvādaśa-mañjarikābhiraśēṣaḥkathitō vaiyākaraṇasyaiṣaḥ ।upadēśō'bhūdvidyā-nipuṇaiḥśrīmachChaṅkara-bhagavachCharaṇaiḥ ॥
15jaṭilō muṇḍī luñChitakēśaḥkāṣāyāmbara-bahukṛtavēṣaḥ ।paśyannapi cha na paśyati mūḍhaḥudaranimittaṃ bahukṛtavēṣaḥ ॥
16aṅgaṃ galitaṃ palitaṃ muṇḍaṃdaśanavihīnaṃ jātaṃ tuṇḍam ।vṛddhō yāti gṛhītvā daṇḍaṃtadapi na muñchatyāśāpiṇḍam ॥
17agrē vahniḥ pṛṣṭhē bhānuḥrātrau chubuka-samarpita-jānuḥ ।karatala-bhikṣastarutalavāsaḥtadapi na muñchatyāśāpāśaḥ ॥
18 kurutē gaṅgāsāgaragamanaṃvrata-paripālanamathavā dānam ।jñānavihīnaḥ sarvamatēnabhajati na muktiṃ janmaśatēna ॥
19suramandira-taru-mūla-nivāsaḥśayyā bhūtalamajinaṃ vāsaḥ ।sarva-parigraha-bhōgatyāgaḥkasya sukhaṃ na karōti virāgaḥ ॥
20yōgaratō vā bhōgaratō vāsaṅgaratō vā saṅgavihīnaḥ ।yasya brahmaṇi ramatē chittaṃnandati nandati nandatyēva ॥
21bhagavadgītā kiñchidadhītāgaṅgājala-lavakaṇikā pītā ।sakṛdapi yēna murārisamarchākriyatē tasya yamēna na charchā ॥
22punarapi jananaṃ punarapi maraṇaṃpunarapi jananījaṭharē śayanam ।iha saṃsārē bahudustārēkṛpayā'pārē pāhi murārē ॥
23rathyācharpaṭa-virachita-kanthaḥpuṇyāpuṇya-vivarjita-panthaḥ ।yōgī yōganiyōjita-chittaḥramatē bālōnmattavadēva ॥
24kastvaṃ kō'haṃ kuta āyātaḥkā mē jananī kō mē tātaḥ ।iti paribhāvaya sarvamasāraṃviśvaṃ tyaktvā svapnavichāram ॥
25tvayi mayi chānyatraikō viṣṇuḥvyarthaṃ kupyasi mayyasahiṣṇuḥ ।bhava samachittaḥ sarvatra tvaṃvāñChasyachirādyadi viṣṇutvam ॥
26śatrau mitrē putrē bandhaumā kuru yatnaṃ vigrahasandhau ।sarvasminnapi paśyātmānaṃsarvatrōtsṛja bhēdājñānam ॥
27kāmaṃ krōdhaṃ lōbhaṃ mōhaṃtyaktvātmānaṃ paśyati sō'ham ।ātmajñānavihīnā mūḍhāḥtē pachyantē narakanigūḍhāḥ ॥
28gēyaṃ gītā-nāmasahasraṃdhyēyaṃ śrīpati-rūpamajasram ।nēyaṃ sajjana-saṅgē chittaṃdēyaṃ dīnajanāya cha vittam ॥
29sukhataḥ kriyatē kāmābhōgaḥpaśchādanta śarīrē rōgaḥ ।yadyapi lōkē maraṇaṃ śaraṇaṃtadapi na muñchati pāpācharaṇam ॥
30arthamanarthaṃ bhāvaya nityaṃnāstitataḥ sukhalēśaḥ satyam ।putrādapi dhanabhājāṃ bhītiḥsarvatraiṣā vihitā rītiḥ ॥
31prāṇāyāmaṃ pratyāhāraṃnityānitya vivēkavichāram ।jāpyasamētasamādhividhānaṃkurvavadhānaṃ mahadavadhānam ॥
32gurucharaṇāmbuja-nirbharabhaktaḥsaṃsārādachirādbhava muktaḥ ।sēndriyamānasa-niyamādēvaṃdrakṣyasi nijahṛdayasthaṃ dēvam ॥
33mūḍhaḥ kaśchana vaiyākaraṇōḍuḥkṛṅkaraṇādhyayanadhurīṇaḥ ।śrīmachChaṅkara-bhagavachChiṣyaiḥbōdhita āsīchChōdhita-karaṇaḥ ॥

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Bhaja Govindam, by Sankarācārya, Chinmayananda, Translated by Brahmacharini Sharada. Published by Chinmaya Publications Trust, 1967. Page5-7.
  2. The Hymns of Sankaracharya, by Śankaracarya, Telliyavaram Mahadevan Ponnambalam Mahadevan, Totakācārya, Sureśvarācārya. Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2002. . Page 33.
  3. http://www.sivananda.org/publications/yogalife/fall2003/pdfs/page18-bhaja-govindam.pdf Bhaja Govindam
  4. http://www.hindunet.org/bhajgovindam/index.htm Commentary on Bhaja Govindam