| Official Name: | Muğla |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Established Date: | In 2nd century BCE under the indigenous name of Mobolla during its passage from a Carian federation linked with Taba (Tavas) to Rhodian domination. |
| Established Date2: | Cited as Muğla and a Menteşe urban center, after 1426 center of an Ottoman vilayet, after 1923 center of the homonymous province under the Turkish Republic |
| Timezone: | TRT |
| Utc Offset: | +3 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Muğla within Turkey. |
| Image Blank Emblem: | Muğla logo.png |
| Pushpin Map: | Turkey #Europe #Earth |
| Pushpin Relief: | 1 |
| Blank Emblem Type: | Emblem of Muğla Metropolitan Municipality |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Turkey |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Aegean |
| Subdivision Type2: | Province |
| Subdivision Name2: | Muğla |
| Elevation M: | 660 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population As Of: | 2022 |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Total |
| Population Total: | 82,717 |
| Population Density Blank1 Km2: | auto |
| Coordinates: | 37.2167°N 50°W |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Area Code: | (+90) 252 |
| Governor: | Amir çiçek |
| Leader Title1: | Metro |
| Leader Name1: | Ahmet Aras (CHP) |
| Blank Info: | 48 |
| Blank Name: | Licence plate |
| Website: | Muğla Metropolitan Municipality |
Muğla (pronounced as /tr/) is a city in southwestern Turkey. The city is the center of the district of Menteşe and Muğla Province, which stretches along Turkey's Aegean coast. Muğla's center is situated inland at an altitude of 660 m and lies at a distance of about 300NaN0 from the nearest seacoast in the Gulf of Gökova to its south-west. Muğla (Menteşe) district area neighbors the district areas of Milas, Yatağan and Kavaklıdere to its north by north-west and those of Ula and Köyceğiz, all of whom are dependent districts. Muğla is the administrative capital of a province that incorporates internationally well-known and popular tourist resorts such as Bodrum, Marmaris, Datça, Dalyan, Fethiye, Ölüdeniz and also the smaller resort of Sarigerme.
Muğla was apparently a minor settlement in classical antiquity, a halfway-point along the passage between the Carian cities of Idrias (later Stratonicea) to the north and Idyma (modern Akyaka) to the southwest on the coast. There are almost no ruins to reveal the history of the settlement of Mobolla. On the high hill to the north of the city, a few ancient remains indicate that it was the site of an acropolis. A handful of inscriptions were unearthed within the city itself and they date back to the 2nd century BC. It appears in the historical record for the first time at the beginning of the 2nd century BC under the name Mobolla (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Μόβωλλα,). At that time, the region was passing from what was apparently an eastern Carian federation linked with Taba (modern Tavas) and other cities to Rhodian domination. Mobolla was part of the Rhodian Peraea from at least 167 BC until the 2nd century AD. While the region was subject to Rhodes, it was not incorporated in the Rhodian state.
In 2018, archaeologists unearthed a 2,300 year-old rock sepulchre of an ancient Greek boxer named Diagoras of Rhodes, on a hill in the Turgut village, Muğla province, Marmaris. This unusual pyramid tomb was considered to belong to a holy person by the local people. The shrine, used as a pilgrimage by locals until the 1970s, also has the potential to be the only pyramid grave in Turkey. Excavation team also discovered an inscription with these words: “I will be vigilant at the very top so as to ensure that no coward can come and destroy this grave.”[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
In 2018, archaeological ruins and mosaics discovered in the city have been confirmed to belong to the villa of the Greek fisherman Phainos, who lived in the 2nd century AD. Phainos was the richest and the most famous fisherman of his time.[8]
Under Roman and then Byzantine rule, the town's name gradually changed to Mogolla (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Μογωλᾶ,) and then Mugla (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Μούγλα, Moúgla; Turkish: Muğla). The town was one of the earliest ones conquered by the Turks in western Anatolia, being taken in the 13th century. It was then organized under the Menteşe dynasty based at Milas. Muğla acquired regional importance after it replaced Milas as the seat of the subprovince (sanjak) under the Ottoman Empire in 1420. From 1867 until 1922, Muğla was part of Aidin Vilayet. The sanjak kept the name Menteşe until the Republican Era, when it was renamed Muğla after its seat of government.
The district area's physical features are determined by several pot-shaped high plains, delimited by mountains, of which the largest is the one where the city of Muğla is located and which is called under the same name (Muğla Plain). It is surrounded by steep slopes denuded of soil, paved with calcerous geology, and a scrub cover which gives the immediate vicinity of Muğla a barren appearance uncharacteristic of its region. Arable land is limited to valley floors.
Its former profile as a predominantly rural, difficult to access, isolated and underpopulated region enclosed by a rugged mountainous complex is now coming to an end. Also in recent years, a major program of restoration of the city's architectural heritage has enhanced local tourism. The city remains an orderly, compact, and provincial agricultural center. The city which retains its old neighborhoods, not having succumbed to the mid-20th century boom in concrete reconstruction, but displays a progressive mind as exemplified by the pride still expressed at having had Turkey's first female provincial governor in the 1990s, Lale Aytaman. Nevertheless, Muğla still lacks sizeable manufacturing and processing centers, and its economy relies on trade, crafts, services, tourism, and agriculture. Therefore, tourism in Muğla is a great opportunity for local community employment, and its fertile soil and amenable climate provide a variety of products for people working in the agricultural sector.
Muğla has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) or a dry-summer humid subtropical climate (Trewartha: 'wet' Cs or Cf). It is characterised by long, hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
Highest recorded temperature:42.1C on 27 July 2007
Lowest recorded temperature:-12.6C on 4 January 1942[9]
Due to the particularity of its location, commanding a large part of Anatolia's southwestern coast and a number of busy district centers, Muğla is also notable by the large number of people who, short of being natives in the strict sense, had associations of one sort or another with the city, including among its small Greek minority until the 1923 Population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Among these can be listed:
Although it is close to major resorts, Muğla has only recently begun to attract visitors. Sights of interest in the city include:
The old quarter of Muğla – on the slopes and around Saburhane Square (Meydanı), consisting of about four hundred registered old houses dating from the 18th and 19th centuries, many of which are restored. These houses are mainly in the Turkish / Ottoman style, characterized by hayat ("courtyard") sections accessed through double-shuttered doors called kuzulu kapı ("lamb doors") and dotted with chimneys typical of Muğla. But there are also a number of "Greek" houses. The differences between the two types of houses may have as much to do with the extent to which wood or stone were used in their architecture, and whether they were arranged in introverted or extraverted styles, as with who inhabited them previously.
Local students tend to hang out in open air cafés along the İzmir highway, or in the caravanserai, or in Sanat Evi ("Art House") – an Ottoman-style residence that has been turned into a café / art gallery exhibiting principally wood carvings.
Muğla's political color has traditionally been center-left. In Turkey's 2004 local elections, Dr. Osman Gürün (CHP) was re-elected, increasing his votes to 43.28%, aided in this by the abrupt virtual collapse of the other center-left party the DSP. The 2004 elections were the seventh successive victory for the center-left candidates in the Muğla municipality. Turkey's incumbent AKP and the traditional center-right DYP have each obtained (24.5–24.75%). In 2009 communal elections, MHP made a significant leap in votes and reached 24.2% of votes cast. CHP had collected almost half of the votes at 46%.
The local football club, Muğlaspor currently compete in the third tier of the Turkish football pyramid.