Modulus (gastropod) explained

Modulus is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Modulidae.^[1]

Species

Species within the genus Modulus include:

• Modulus ambiguus Dautzenberg, 1910
• Modulus bayeri Petuch, 2001
• Modulus bermontianus Petuch, 1994
• Modulus cerodes A. Adams, 1851
• Modulus disculus (Philippi, 1846)
• Modulus guernei Dautzenberg, 1900
• Modulus hennequini Petuch, 2013
• Modulus honkerorum Petuch, 2013
• Modulus kaicherae Petuch, 1987
• Modulus lindae Petuch, 1987
• Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) - the type species, known as the "button snail"
• Modulus nodosus Macsotay & Campos, 2001
• Modulus pacei Petuch, 1987
• Modulus turbinoides (Locard, 1897)

Taxa inquirenda:

• Modulus duplicatus A. Adams, 1851
• Modulus morleti P. Fischer, 1882
• Modulus obliquus A. Adams, 1851
• Modulus obtusatus (Philippi, 1847)

Species brought into synonymy:

• Modulus calusa Petuch, 1988: synonym of Trochomodulus calusa (Petuch, 1988) (original combination)
• Modulus canaliculatus Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Modulus candidus Petit de la Saussaye, 1853: synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791)
• Modulus carchedonius (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Trochomodulus carchedonius (Lamarck, 1822)
• Modulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Trochomodulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849)
• Modulus cidaris Reeve, 1848: synonym of Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791)
• Modulus convexior Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Modulus dorsuosus Gould, 1853: synonym of Modulus disculus (Philippi, 1846)
• Modulus floridanus Conrad, 1869: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Modulus krebsii Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Modulus lenticularis (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Modulus perlatus (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Modulus pisum Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791)
• Modulus trochiformis Souleyet, 1852: synonym of Trochomodulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849)

References

• Landau B., Vermeij G. K. & Reich S. (2014). Classification of the Modulidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea), with new genera and new fossil species from the Neogene of tropical America and Indonesia. Basteria. 78(1-3): 1-29

External links

• Gray, J. E. (1842). Molluscs. Pp. 48-92, in: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, edition 44. British Museum. London. iv + 308 p
• Rafinesque C.S. (1819). Prodrome. De 70 nouveaux genres d'animaux découverts dans l'intérieur des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, durant l'année 1818. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts. 88: 417-429.

Notes and References

1. Bouchet, P. . Rocroi, J.-P. . amp . 2005 . Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families . Malacologia . 47 . 1–2 .